Newspaper of The New York Herald, August 4, 1847, Page 1

TH] Vol. XI If. No. 41'4-Wluic IMo. 4HOU. AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. SPECIAL DESPATCHES, AND EXTRACTS FROM THE FAPEllH RBUBIVKD nv Tiiv STEAMSHIP HIBEItlVIA, AT T1IK NEW YORK HERALD OFFICE. &ic. Ac. dir. The Hiiiisli (iuvcrnuirnt hihI the h'ortlgii Debts to like Bi ltun People?Threat* from John Hull. (Krom the London Times July Iti ] A bulky Parliamentary patter ha< lately iappeared contaiuin^ tb>' correspondence front 18-j:i to the present day between the British Government and foreign powers, relative to the loans advanced to the latter by the subjects of this country. We hardly know with what feelings to regard this curious ledger of national bad debts and imperial applications for payment. I'ertaaps the extent and amount ot our transactions might ?U(?i?eft a sentiment of complacency and self-importance, were it not that such renown is so very easily purchasable by everybody under similar penalties. The addresses of the defaulters indicate somewhat strikingly the ehttuge of the relations betweeu the New World and the oia, siueo Western Kurope relied on the unfathomable riches of America. With the exception of the twin spendthrifts of the I'enlnsdla, and the infant monarchy of the Morea. our customers are all from the other side of the Allantio; and the appearance of any email republic on the scene, in tho character of independence, is generally simultaneous with its appearance 011 our books in the character of a debtor. A very good business we have certainly had, though a little scattered perhaps. Nothing is said in the present schedule of certain outlying debts vtbove the peninsula of Florida, but we commeucc transactions, immediately below, with Mexico, take in the constituent I'owerB of Central America, call at Venezuela aud Buenos Ayres. then double Cape Horn, and run up the coast of the ['notHo to Chili, Peru, ticuiulor. and Mew Granada. Reserving for another ocoiiHiou suras K-'ntrnl conclusions and maxims wbicU io:iv be (Induced irom the contents of this new guide to capitalists, we confine ourselves at present to the exposition of the law or policy ai? lately delivered, on a question so interesting as tbe right of foreign bond-holders to national protection Tbe conditions of this question render it possible that tbe law should be laid down once for all as n. tfuide and a precedent lor future occasions. Tbe accidental relations of tbe two States Involved, tbe temper of tbe oouutry. the general aspect of the political world, an4 tbo circumstances of tbe particular case may each and all affect any particular decision, but the judgment given and acquiesced iu at this period of It) 17, appears to be as follows That when British subject? lead moneys to foreign powers, it i.i undoubtedly competent for tbe British government, according to the law of nations, to oompel payment by reprisals or war; bat that the exertion of this right rests entirely with the government, to be determined by their view of what is best for the whole Statu, and cannot, except in {>ursuance of special compact to that effect, bu demanded by tho bondholders ou their own behalf. The whole case of the Spanish bondholders clearly turns on the iielief which the creditors might juslly have entertained, at the time of their advancing the money, as to the duty of the government to bear them harmless. If, as it has been attempted to prove, it was demonstrable from civil law or constitutional precedent, and was, moreover, popularly understood, that the British government was as much >/, In, ., Itritioh unhi-.-f in thin Imr. tieular case a< in certain others, and tl;e moneys were lent under the impression of this geucral and ultimate guarantee. there can theu bo no (luubt that the jjoverunieut could only release itselffrom t!iu performance of this duty ou condition of assuming the liabilities in question, und discharging tlio debts which it couctiived impolitic to exact. If it was expedient for the State that the just rights of curtain of iU citizens should be postponed to the general good, of course tilt State which derives the benetit, should make the compensation, and should thus purchase the privilege of Inaction whi. hi's own interests demand. The first principles, however, of public law and national policy militate against the unconditional acceptance of a maxim which would leave a State thus perpetually and helplessly exposed to the hazards of war; and, apart from the conclusions inseparable from i.uch primary considerations, it is evident enough chat such u belief as we have hypoth> tically suggested did not prevail, or could not be jusiitied At i-Uu peace of 1014 Lord Castlereagh gave public notice .hat compensation had been exacted for the Uritish holders of Krench bonds only ou special considerations, and expressly stated that when Hritifli subjects for tile future exchanged their luoue^- lor such obligations, they must understand that they did so at their own risk, unless the special sanotion of their government, had been first obtained. Aud that the necessity of such sanotion was pretty well comprehended is clear from the observation of l.ord i'alinerston, that applcaition bad more than ouce been made for it to I he governments ot which he had been u member, aud had been invariably refused.? We take it therefore as established and we conceive it is so taken even by the adrocktei of the sufferers, that the Spanisn bondholders have not u peremptory right to the alternative, protection or compensation; but that their case only just falls short ol such title can be denied by none. As far ns the two contract in;; parties are concerned, it would be impossible to make out. out acase either harder on oue side, or mor" llagitioiis ou tho other. It cannot have escaped ilie notice of any w*r*on who has n.'rused either the representations of their petition or the arguments of a recent debate. chut ttin bw of debtor and creditor is applied to States with very remarkable leniency. In ilie crane of an individual, confessed inability in not alwayH a protection against very uerious hardship; but in that of nations, it in at once allowed to preclude any trouble or annoyance. It is assumed an au indispensable coudition for the responsibility of an in lebted State that it should be nourishing and prosper jus. aud the creditors and their patrons think it absolutely necessa ry to show that it lias an incre asing revenue uud an abundant ?x< hequir. Nothing but iis annual disengaged surplus W considered liable to its just debts. Though Lord I'aliiierston avowed that nations bo indebted were, in point of fact, oniy receivers ot their mortgaged revenues in trust lor their creditors, to whose use they wkm bound iu the very lirst place to apply tlieiu. yei they are permitted to supersede by the claims of their own " puolic service," and by any rei|uirements of public or private extravagance, all honest demands upon them. Nothing is asked for until it is proved l<y llicures that eveu unbounded wastefuluuss and prolligacy atill leave an excess out of the revenue which these very advances have so mainly contribute d to create; and then, with the utmost cooluer - is this very surplus refused .>:>iom risks a lender must nectssurily incur by intrusting his money to the chamois of a foreign nation und a remote land under circumstances generally of difficulty aud danger; aud for these l-ecoguized risks a higher ainou- tof mterent than common is ordinarily taken to compensate. Uut we do think that it concerns the Common character and comtuou credit of Christendom, that the shameless dishonesty of the borrowing State I." .. YV, tut II..I now) I,.-,.I. J.I.. t? all thu oilier hazards attending the recovery ol the debt; liut ibit compulsion -hould insure, if honor Joi n not dictate, a decent di/cli-irge of obligations from all wiio tiro competent to meet litem. The hit? proceedings in Parliament can l.urdhj he. lost on these indebted Stole* Though it is ruled that a tingle creditor iooij ihil proclaim a continental warn/ton metne prams, yet hi/ oil classes of politicians it is u(finutd thai the ri,J.ht <?/ the goveinille-t to art is neither ijiirttioiled nor lust, It it si hi ply suspended Jioni matins of polity and humanity */ ei editor it/ the most ample oud in e.sistihle. power, with all tin Uio ami all the reason on his side, under the i,nut t j-usp, rating provocation*, mid after repeated disappointments, hat been contmlril with giving one mure i mphntic warning to a ptrfe thj < onipetent and perfectly s ilrtnt ilehtor. rather than endanger or tlitl irb the gnat family of nations hy tummvn/ telf-dtftnci.? Let mi b"|>8 that internet uiay compel a course which honesty has not yet suggestod Tl?o UngllKli View of Mr. Tiltil'* AIIsmIah to Ncxlco [From Hid London Crordcle July 15 J The last now* from America l.< of a greatly more p.trifle tendency than any that we had received for a loog time In ehort. if we could Klve Implicit credence to the account? wliich have reached us both from the State* nnd from the seat of war. we might regard it aft certain that it peace will shortly be concluded, on terms on th tvhole more honorable to I be State*, and much le."H humiliating to Mexico, than, under all the circumstances. she bud anv reason to exiiect. We are too much rejoiced at the prospect of p o*s*ation o'. this most impolitic and u?justlflal>le war. to be disponed to examine too cloaely into the motives which have led the government of tlie States to change their policy. It may lie that {'resident Polk, growing more nml morn jealous of Oenerals Scott. and Taylor, and being unable to set them hy the ears, hat. resolved to cut ihort their career of glory in the only elfuctivo wiiy. Could he himself have reaped in popul.irltv, and a renewal of hi* term of ofilee, the fruits of their toll and danger, it would have been a dif ferent matter. In that case every l'urtherauce would have been given to the war, and no reasonable overtures of penoo either mad* or listened to. Rough and Heady and the Kentucky Savnge might have worn out their lives In their country's service, and (quarrelled or not i|Uarrellnd, just us thohiunor took them, hud President Polk remained that idol of the Yankee democracy which he was four years ago ? It is nut. however, so hopilexs with Mr I'olk as It seems Of a re-election to the Presidency he haa no clianco. But he is comparatively a young man; considerably younger than either of the new celebrities who have thrown him Into ihe shade, l.et peace be concluded now on what terms It may, half a dozen years will not elapse without a renewal or the war. I,et the ambitious Mr. Polk devote the enforced leisure with whieh he is threatened to a dillge.it study of tactics. Then, wbeu the next opportunity arises, let him head new thousands of volunteers, invading Mexico for the second time. I.et him sturdily earn his laurels, by craft, and courage, hy hard work, and occasionally by hard lighting f.et him return scarred and careworn, and hnptlseu with some grotesque nickname, and the cup of his ambition may yet bo replenished. Ho may attain that enjoyment for which lie Is said lo laiiKiiieh. of frcttiug through (our years more of Presidential responsibilities And thus the seeds i f discord which he is accused of having sown, may at length produoe for tui ;.he fruit which lie coveted, It was some such plan an this that, must have been iu Mr. li"nion's heed whin he moved heaven and earth to get himself appointed virtual < ouiiuander in-t faief. And iu f*ot, If war did become a re^tilar system in the E NE NE States. one of thf inevitable results would b?, that all the leading politicians would lie forced to graduate In the lieIU of battle before they bid fur popular honors; just as among the red men. no aspiring youth dared ask a maiden's love, or cluiui a man's prerogatives, until he had slaiu bin enemy, and appended the reeking scalp to his waist. There is sometimes a strange ailtuity iu the predilections of races that succeed each other on the same soil. And we doubt not hut that, when the history uf America is further developed, some future Montesquieu may find strong corroboration for the theory that climate greatly iutluences, if it does uut make national character, in the essential resemblances that will be perceptible iu tliu social and political habits of races 20 ditferent, and conditions of society so remote, as the red meu that once owned the west, and the white meu who own it now. According to the Democratic llrviiw. au organ of the Washington cabinet, the territory of wblnh Mexico is to be mulcted at present, will be coniioed to New Mexico and ITpper California ; a pretty cantle of ground to transfer from one dominion to auother, yet not more 11 111 J Mexico Ciin vnrt well primr* Anil ifliwr nnv mirth ern frontier could only be made a permanent one, we sppreheiid it wi'ul.l he more easily defended l>y Mexico than tile present but this will partly depend on where the Dew boundary cf the States will be drawn, and what conditions will accompany the st ttlement. Thin new accession to their territory (he United States m e not to exact as a forfeit or accept as a oouoMston. Deeming purchase the best title, they prefer, it la said, to pay for whatever they take from Mexico. Ilow much they are to pay. or whether it is to be in hard cash, or merely by a set-olf uniiijhl the expenses of the war, we do not clearly understand, lluttlie terms which Mr. Trist has been deputed by the government at Washington to offer to tbe Mexicans are adverted to be?payment for all territory transferred; the States to become responsible for the debts due to their citizens by Mexico; aud uo payment at all to bu exacted of the expenses of the war.? Or this last Hem we confess we are incredulous. Wo are pretty sure that the settlement will bu made by u get-off of purchase money against expenses. Louisiana was bought dog-cheap lor 60,000.000 of francs, or 13,000.000 of dollars. The Mexican war has already cost the States four times that sum; and yet as bargaius go, especially Urennus bargains, Jonathan will have no right to complain. Mexico will b fortunate if the sword of the Yunkee general is not t,brown into the scale when her ransom is weighing, and some of her best ports trauierred l'orever to the dominion of her triumphant foe. That would certaiulybe a far greater loss to Mexico than twice the quantity appropriated of her inland wildernesses But to Krusp at California and the Gulf of Mexico at once would be too daring au uj/gres-Ion lor Jonathan to attempt in act the first of the Mexican tragedy. isor 18 it quite certain tuat tue Kuropvan powers wouiu beheld unmoved such un approach on thu part of the Russia of the Went to the uncontrolled mastery of the American Mediterranean. Tending the negociatiens for a peace General Soott is evincing immense dexterity in the mode In which he subsists his army in the conquered country, without drawing supplies or ammunitiou from Vera l ruz. Whatever he wants he helps hijjiselfto, and ?most wonderful to relate?(apsfer it. At JaUpu, at l'ueblr., and other places,he draws bills upon the Govern meut at Washington; and as fast as he draws, somebody, Mexican or foreigner, is found to discount them oil the spot. He thus loads his coffers with hard silver as fust us he can Ull stamp*. Strange fatality, srowning all the other wonders of this unparalleled war! Inmost otliejr countries in thu position of Mexico, this would be impos? sible for the ablest general to effect. How otten, for instance, liavu the troops of Marlborough and of Louis XIV. starved in Klanders ! For it is not merely the solvency ot the Government of the United .States that makes this possible. Marlborough and Vendome, when their soldiers had but half rations, and loss thau half clothing, could have drawn bills too on London and Turin; but where were tin) men to discount them, after the fasliiji Of the money-lenders of Puebla and Jalapa ! Thus does the greatest apparent element of Mexico's strength become her worst bane. Her abundance of the precious metals enable every unpatriotic scouudrel that has more dollar, than principle, to subsidise thu enemy's force In a more effectual manner thau the most providcut cabinet, seconded by the most enterprising commissariat, could have ever hoped to effect. Trou?>!p In Ireland. [From the papers, to July 17.J The Irish confederation held another meeting on Thursday uight, the 16th of July, and the orators received another beating?none of yuur Imaginary horsewhippings. but sooud kicks, cuffi, and tumblings, from the hands of the ''moral force" repealers, who still hang out the flag with thu old insoriptiou^ 'he who commits a crime gives strength to the enemy." The AVtcwiun'j Journal, an Old Ireland organ, thus winds up its report: "At the close nt the proceedings within the hall large crowds iiad collected outside, who occasionally gave vt-ut to their tcellnirs in louil cheers lor O'Conneil, (Conciliation Hall. ftnil Old Ireland, mingled wiih groans anil oiher expressions of disapprobation for Vouug Ireland and the confederates. On the appearance of Mr II. O'Uorinan, Sr., and Mr II. O'Gorman. Jr , Mr. Meagher, Mr. Alitchell. aud other prominent members of the confederation. without the building, the groaning becamo more marked and energetic, and these, in turn, were met with opposite expression* of feeliug fn in the persons who hid attended the meeting. At thin time the rush of people from tile neighboring streets. aud the great excitement that prevailed, were truly alarming A large police force wa* in attendance, but thin wan ineffectual in quelling the disposition to riot Kach moment (lie counter demonstrations of opinion assumed more threatening aJpeoU. Stones were Hung rather freely, and iu the tumult Hcveral pen-on* were thrown down and trampled upon. Matter,i continued in this state until the crowd* had reached Saekville street, when blow* were rather generally resorted to. Mr. Itichard O'Gorman. sen., was struck with a stick on the hack of the head; Mr. Meagher was knocked down at the corner of Karl street, and Mr. Joseph Rogers. Chapel street, was attacketWud beaten by some persons at the same place Amidst a scene of geueral uproar the gentlemen before named, with their friends, entered the shop of Mr. Kaulkner,grocer, North Sari street. Tor refuge, when the home was immediately surrounded, and stones tluug through the windows, on.t of which hit Mrs. l-'aulltner on the head, and seven iy cut her. After a short time spent at this place, a reinforcement of police arrived, which prevented any further atcaak, and enabled the gentlemen to retire. The groaning, however, continued for a long time, in the iuid.it of which loud cries were given lor Old Ireland." The Nation of this day (July 17) charges tile Repeal Association with the organization of those ferocious mobs, aud their incitement to bloodshed, Kurther down you win una tno " .Moral form! iiepeaierK. an iney are called at Conciliation Mali, acting after a similar bullion in Duudulk. with tin- d-sign of driving away Mr. Torreiis M'Caitagh, th? v?t?'K candidate. before w? comc to tli?> particularn touching tlx* I )u nd-ilk ruffianism, we may give an extract or two from the proceedings of th'i Young Icelanders on Thursday night: ? Mr. Meagher wax called to tho cliair ; on taking which he Paid :?tientleweu, the attempt has l-en made to put us down by brute force?H was made on the lai>t night of tho meeting?and because it was made we are here this uight. (Tremendous cheering ) Let the coarse KloiiMnM of Conciliation Hall renew the attempt.? Against them, to the death, we shall maintain the right of citizens to meat, w herever and whenever tboy think bent, to consult upon the public interest!) (Loud and continued cheer*.) No power ph.ill deprive us of that right, whilst wb have life to wort-hip and to guard is.'I'hr tnrplte thall noltl'prive u, of that right?neither thull the bludgeon. (Vehement cheering.; But this in what we had junt reason to expect. It has been the fate of mi.ny better men who have preceded us. and 111 tin It will bo to tho end of tiiuo The career of truth Is through a crowd of perils, and frendom is not no much the gift of fortune oh it is the reward of t>ufTering (Hear, hear ) Nerved by thaie attacks, proceed as you have begun | M'ter alluding to the conduct of the government, he proceeded | Meet these whlgs upon the hunting* jneet them bolJly meet thein resentfully meet theiu to crush them, (Loud cheers ) Show no mercy to them, they have shown no mercy to the people Leave them to their resources, iih they huve left you to your resources. (Loud cheers ) Down with these ministers, an l down with their colleagues of <.'ondilution Wall. (Kntbusiastic cheering) Whilst lite in left us they shall hav a foe. Not till they have beaten us to tin earth, and trampled on us In the public streets fhtll we dtslst. In tho name of religion, let tliem curse us In the name of peace, let them strike us. There let them hold their Jubilee Then let them celebrate the triumph of their pure, their peaceful, their bloodlers policy." (Hear, hear ) Then lot them enumerate the political victories they have wou ' without the effusion of one drop of blood." (Hear, hear) Then let them point in ecetncy to their sacred bantu r. and with tongues that uttered words of vengeance agalust their fellow-oitirens, let them rell.eruti, l!i..ir f*uvr?cIf > ??...? i. I... ? erlmo givea atrength to th'> enemy." (Loud criea of " hear. hoar.") I-Yurle** of there ni'-o, continue to net ;i* you have done-contlnuc to bu th.? filend* of truth, the cncmien of corruption. (Loud cliccri) ) lie anaured of thin, that they wb.iui ynu have :.tood by go manfully ? they whose youth Ikim been no obatacle io your confidence, (Loud cheer#.) will atand by you to the la*t. (Loud cheers ) Mr. Mitchell brought forward a report, showing the votes of the Irish member* during the present session on <|Uealion? of the deepest interest to Ireland. "1 he first in order (said that document) was Lord Oeorg? Bentlnck'a hill for proponing to advaura X l<;,0<K) OtiO in four yearn to the promotion of railway* In Ireland. The Irish membora who voted with the ministry mjainat this bill were : ?Lord Ac.heton, Richard M. Bollew, John James Bodkin (a), Robert Dillon Browne (a), Hon. R. 8. Carew, Viscount Caetloreagli, lion. Robert (lore, Captain Villler* Ilatton, Sl?- Ralph Howard, Captain Lavard, JoHcph M. M'Donnull (a), John O'Brien (a), Morgan John O'CoDnell (a), the O'Conor Don (a), Janice Power, Col Riwdnn, D. R. Rosa, lion. C. C. Cavaudish. benjamin Chapman, Mathew Kliaa Corballjr. Jtight lion Henry I'orry, Hon. Thomaa V. Daweou, .Sir Thomas Kamonde, Kitrituphen French, Hon. Sir II. B. Seymour,Right Hon. K. Shaw, Right lion. It. L. Shell (a). John I'atrlck So. mer*. Sir William Somervllle, William Vlll'ern Stuart, William Henry Wataon, Henry White, Thome* Wygo. The names distinguished by the letter (a) are those of Old Ireland Repealer*, and hh each wa* rend out the meeting groaned lustily They were, one and nil, deemed unworthy of the eontldence of the Iriah people. Hpnlii. Madrid journal* of the llth ult., dwoll with ?nmn alarm on the threatening appearance of the Montemolinldtw. The Km dll Cnmrreio, for example, an)*?" It i* an induhltnhle fact th-it the Montemollnfot* are organl*ing themfelve* in a formal and terrible manner, and It In expected that, from one day to another, they will raipe the cry of rebellion with au Intensity which it will not be very ea*y noon to atide " The *iime j >11 rI puhllche* a letter from Valencia, stating that a Montemoll. nUt band of ?i*ty men had appeared at Mae*tra7.go Rncounter*, of no (treat Importance a* to their rinuit*, took place on the 6th and 61b, between the (Jueen'a W YO :w YORK, WEDNESDAY troop* and insurgents at Valldara, in Catalonia, anil near the Mora de kbro, In Tarragona. Portugal. Accounts from Oporto of the 10th inst, state that the Junta has dissolved itself, and Saldanha and hla troop# have entered the town, where they are at present in garrison with the Spanish troops under Concha. The castle of Ko* is garrisoned by Knglish marines. The Duke of Terceira and his fellow-eantlvea. the Maniuls of Louie and several other distinguished members of the Junta, have arrived at Lisbon The Conde Das Antas and the Visconde S;i da Bnndeira are still detained as prisoners. It is rumored lliat. the l{ueen. unmindful of the recent lessou which has been taught her, is about to recall Costa Cabrnl Several t abraliMas have been appointed to high otflcial situations, and these appointments being in direct violation ol the promises made when foreign Interventii u was asked for, have given great umbrage. Neither ban the Queen performed her promise oi'euteriug at ouce upon a constitutional course I of government. A decree wax Issued on the Wth, continuing to tin- end of July the suspension ot tin* guarauI tees of personal liberty, and prohibiting until that <iay the publication of newspapers anil pamphlet*. The re(ireseutatlves of Portugal. K ranee. and Spain, at I.iRbon, lave protested agaiust < olouel VVylJe's convention with the Junta. Italy. The statement that the i'ope wjh about to abdicate, id Maid to have been a mere Austrian invention. Letter* from Bologna of the nth ult. announce that the Pope had issued two decrees, the one authorising the formation of a national guard on the French principle throughout hid dominions, and the other sanctioning the establishment of railroads These two measures had produced the greatest enthusiasm in Home; the entire population had repaired to the (juirinal to express its gratitude to tho Holy Kutlior. and at night the whole city was illuminated. The dinner, to which the Auktsiun Ambassador hnd invited Cardinals Lambruschini, Vaniculli, Bernetti, Sec , on the Jd. was prevented by a populai demonstration The people assembled before the embassy, crying, ' Down with Austria.' Death to Lambruschini. aad to the enemies of the Tope! Viva Pius IX alone.''1 The Transtevcrinos, it appears, were excited in the highest degree against Lambruschini, whom they threatened to throw into the Tiber. The Cardinal Macchi was so terrified by the cries of the people on that night, that he sent off his nephew to a neighboring town with alt his valuable property, father Ventura and the popular leader, Clceruacohio, had fortu ately interfered. and succeeded in lUnwi the effervescence. Several Austrian couriers coining from Rome had lately passed through Bologna. At Parma and Lucca much excitement prevailed, and occasional collisions took place between the population and the troops. Ult..r-a I;.,,.,.. ,.f 7.1, .,11 that Cardinal Uiz/.i liad tendered his resignation (if the post of Ac rotary of State, because, some suid, ho disapproved of the docreeestablisbiug ft national guard, which he had, nevertheless, signed. The candidates for the vacant office wcte/'ardinal Balufli, Kerretri, de Angelis, aud Antonelli; but it was believed iu the salons of the Uulrinal that the l'ope, who had asked three day* to ooneider. would not accept the resignation. His Holiness had, however, sent ail express to I'esaro. to summon Cardinal Kerretrl to Rome. The latter belonged to the retrograde party, but sinca the 1'ope admitted him into hiit confidence, he has proved himself a liberal and faithful executor of hU orders Advices from liologna up to the 9th ultimo, state that tranquillity auu CunUdence \yere completely restored, aud that the decree on the national guard had been received with as much enthusiasm as (be amnesty. At Kerrara it had likewise been bailed with raptures of joy. A ratlin. Our accountsfrom Vienua are of the Hlh ult. We learn from this eapitpl that the conferences relative to ithe organization of (iulicia having concluded, Count Studion. governor of thst province, bad tlxed his departure for I.em berg for theiKh It is uot true, us has been announced, that Archduke Albert had been designed for the post ofgovumor-general of Oalicia. Mr. Cobden has arrived at Vienna, where he has been presented by l.ord 1'onnonby. the Knglish Ambassador, to the I'riuce de Metteruich. aud Daron deKubeck, Minister ol the Interior. Prtuwla. The trial of the I'oles, which was to have commenced on thu !16th ult., ban been postponed till the middle ol August, iu conseuuence of the want of luwyers for the defence of the accused. Dwiiicriaiin. The Preist gives the following as t he substance of a note Bent by the Krench;Minister to M. Ochsenbein, I're sident of the DietM. (Julzot does uot context tlu principle of the right of Switzerland, ha well as that o every independent Slate, to modify its couetltutlou free ly. but he protect*, in the interest of Switzerland am the peace of Kurope, against. the application of the prin ciple M Guisot alludes to the example of King Charta 1, who fell for having given a forced interpretation to I clause of the French constitution. The federal organi ration, such as it at present ?xuts. appears to \l. Uuizot to be the ouly certain security for the maintenance o: the neutrality toward* Switzerland In MMOf t?M war amongst tin- cantons, or in case of a violation of th? federnl pact and of the oppression of the minority of Itu cantons by the majority. K ranee reserves to herself th? right t? consider the matter (Wanto) to watch after her own Interests, and to regulate, according to her convenience, new relations with Switzerland, and with tht different cantons in particular " If such are, in fdOt the contents of M. (iui/ot's note, this note Is condemned beforehand by the unanimous censure passed tome wetki since on the inconsiderate proceeding of M. de Bois-leConte It is announced that the President of the Vorort considers the note as not having reached him?that ht has not acknowledged it. and that ho will not communicate it to the Diet. Holland. The d;it.-s from Amsterdam, are of the lath ult. It is nn>lti>.l? otut.,,1 r I... t II... ..< U.ll 1 41.. intention of travel ling fur u considerable time in foreign countries for the r>- establishment as said, of bin health, which is feeble With this view, the king would appoint 11 regency tocmnluct public atfairs during his absence, and tbe regent fixed upon would be bin brother, I'rince Frederick, nDw actually at St. Petersburg. A special messenger had Ucn despatched to notify thin intention to the prince, aud to recall hiiil; but, ax he If) reported a very unambitious man, it in not doubted that he will retime. Such a nomination would ulso he against the fundamental law providing for such contingencies, according to which the I'rince of Orange, aft eldest sou of the sovereign, and having attained the legal age of 18 years, would hare the right to the regency. This prince, however, is said not to be popular, because of reports in circulation altouth is private lite, whereas Prince Frederick is much beloved. Belgium Our advici-s froin Brussels are to the Itilh ult. The ministerial crisis, which still continues to ezniU great interest, will probably soon be over Although tli? liberal journals, and especially /'Olnervatrur, express themselves decidedly against a mixed cabinet, it may nevertheless. be conjectured that the King will lirst try this conciliatory system. as the pretty eijual strength ol parlies in the i hamber seems to hold out the possibility of giving permanency to a new ministry of this kind ? Tho opening of the < hambers will, bowuvor, probably determine this Turkey. Private letters frmn Constantinople oftlio 30th of J une, state tli.it the decision of I'riuor Metturnlch with respect to the difference between (ire o?and Turkey wan hourly expected, and that its pacitlc adjustment wiih uo longer a matter of doubt. The Insurrection in VlbanU hud been completely apprised. The troops marched against the insurgent* In Kurdistan, hail completely routed them, and compelled Beder Khali Bey to Hy into the mountain!). Kuxnlu niwl C'lrru <?la A letter from Hi. Petersburg of the 4th ult., say* : ' I in incline preparations am beiug made in the ( aucusiau provinces for tlfe approaching caniptign against the mountaineers The army which is to act against them will be of nearly l.'iO.INH) uieu. We are assured that at noon as the Kuiperor Khali be perfectly recovered from the sickness with which ho is at present atlltcted, he will place himself at this head of the army." illlnrellnncniis, AltKIVAL Of TMK U. 8. KlMOATK MACEDONIA* AT Corn, ?This uoblu frigate, commanded by Commodore DeKay reached Hiiulbowline on the Kith lost.,after a One voyage of twenty-nine day.*, from New York Tho Hev < . C, Taylor, the leader of the temperance movement in America. cainu over as supercargo. The crew, idxly in number. aru all teetotallers, and no spirits have been allowed on board On Saturday the Hev. h'athcr Mntliew, accompanied by tho Mayor, went on hoard the fi liate, and was received with great enthusiasm The yards were manned, auil prolonged cheers were given for "rather Mat hew and the Mayor of Cork." which were responded tobytde people on shore. On Mr. Malhew and the Mayor leaving the vessel, a boat was manned to convey them to Monkstown It was steered hy Mr. IteKay, son of the commodore, a line intelligent boy about 1.1 years of age. The commander ol tho Macedonian dined on naiuruay wun auimrai mr i nomas i nier, nil I yi*si? rday he wan to bo a guest nt the hospitable board of the Very llev. Mr Mat hew I'roceedingn hare already been oommenced with a view to show some token of respect anil gratitude to Commodore DeKay, f-r hi* mort noble and praiseworthy conduct in thin matter. The Mayor an 1 si>o.e of the mort influential citizen*, have determined to entertain him and hie lady by a steam trip round the harbor and coast. similar to the entertainment given to the late Mr. O'Connoll, on the ocoasion of liirt last visit to Cork. At r meeting of the Corporation to bo held on Thursday, an addreaa will bo presented to iriia?IVillmrr } Smith's Timet. Tbo vessel Dart, arrived in tho river from Newfoundland, hiiM brought. In addition to a cargo of oil and other morcnandixe. the large number of 18,104 Heal akin*; and another vernal, the Cynthia. arrived from the name place, beHldoa a cargo of oil, 17,000 of the same kind of skins. These extensive Importation* of the skin of the deal from the British North American province mentioned amply illustrate the abundance of thu creature in that district. The helfa.it Xrw* l.rttrr say* that Mr. Sheridan Knowle.-i " Indignantly declined the offer of Lord J, Russell" to nettle on Uiin a pension of X100 a year. A premium of ? 1,000 has been offered by the Royal College of ( hemiMtry, for the discovery of a method of rendering Iron, when applied to ordinary purpose*, aa little liable to rust a* oopper. On Wednesday thestalue of the youthful and amiable k 4 ward VI , the founder ol St. Thoniaa'a Hospital, was placed on a uiarl.de pedestal In the centre of the great <|iiadrangle of the hospital. fronting Wellington str< et. The opening .?f a masonic lod-re called " l.eopold of Fidelity ' took place a tew dny* ago at ' arhruhe, with the approbation of the Baden government. Kor thirtyfour year* previously freemasonry had been interdicted lu the Duchy ot Baden. IL-LLUmL^HJ I MM?0?? IRK I MORNING, AUGUST 4, A copy of the following proclamation, issued by bar Majesty's Superintendent of Trad* In China*. ha* been transmitted to Lloyd'* from the Hoard of Trade ? (COPW " Diplomatic Department DOVF.nMMKNT NOTirn ATlOKi. ' His Exoelleacv her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, 8ic , ke , Ih pleased to direct that the annexed rate* of pilotage at the ports of trade, ait Mettled by her Majesty' conruI. be published for general information. Bhanuhak? & dollars for all veasels, irrespective of tonnage or draft of water. " Nim.i'8?.i dollars for each vessel from and to Square Island; 10 dollars for and to the husan Islands. " Koo-Chos-t'oo?60 eents for each foot the vessel draws up to twelve, and I dollar for,for every additional foot to the Woo-foo inun pars from'that to the anchorage at Tagoda Island 60 ceats additional for each foot; audfrom thence to the bridge at Nautae, 2;> cents for each foot?all exclusive of charge for tow boats. " amov ? No pilots needed, aud uone employed. "Canton?ft cents per ton, and ou? dollar tor each bar boat, when required. ' liy order. "A. R JOHNSTON. " Victoria, Hong Kong, March 4, 1*47." The excess of the iui|>orts over the exports of wheat and wheat Hour amounted In tlm -.loll ?K? 5th of June list to 1,007,830 <iri., against 1,104,H44 ijrs. in the half-year ended the r>th of June, 1M40. The excesses of the imports of barley inj oats amounted respectively in the half-year ended the 5th of June last to 534,295 t(rs and 478.004 urn. The London and Northwestern Hallway (Company employ* 0,481 servants, exclusive of -i,000 plate layers; and during nlnteen years .'>.'>.000,000 passengers have been safely conveyed. The Wolvertoa accident was the first great calamity that had occurred. The Ragged School movement has extended to Stirling, where the number of destitute nB.lected children are variously estimated as amounting to from 50 to 100; and it is ealcKlated that the yearly expense of supporting each child will be from A'5 to A'ti. The Spanish capital, says the National, is an inexhaustible reservoir of strange histories, fantastic dramas, and unexpected events. We might.tlll an entire volume with a recital of the Spanish follies with which the innocent Isabella amuses herselt. The Bosjemans, in London, on Wednesday, attended a niggar concert: and the performer having, at the termination of a song, made a noise like the bursting of a steam-vessel, the bush people started in affright and the younger man seized bis bow and arrow for defence. We read in a letter from Lyons that on theflth, about nine o'clock in the evening, a luminous globe appeared in the west towards the mountains of the Lyonnais, end moving towards the hill of Sainte Koy, with extraordinary velocity, disappeared without any explosion. It is believed to have been an aurolithe, und not one of those meteors sometimes formed in the upper regions. It appears from a parliamentary return, that 1.107,0 W shrapuol shells have been ordered for the British and Indian armies since thu adoption of the shell by the government, for the use of the national forces. Another reduotion in the price of the 41b. loaf took plaou throughout the metropolis. The bust bread is now charged 10d., second-rate 8d., league bread 7)?d , wuigauaon delivery; Household 7d. auii ?>}?J. tlia loaf. Tho Timet stated that the cardinals had presented to the l'ope a lint of une hundred names of persons whom tlisy recommended to be banished from the Roman Stales. This his Holiness refused, and the fact having been nutlttud to thu people the oommotlon, which wus assuming an alarming character, was tramiuilised. and it is hoped that the reforms promised by his Holiness will have the effect of satisfying all partis. It la added that the brother of his Holiness is to be appointed to the command of the Natioual tiuurd about to be organised. We learn from Uourlitz, in Prussian Silesia, that on the 'J8th ult. the last stone wax laid of the immense viaduct which pusses over the valley of the Niense, This viaduct, which has been three years and a half in construction, ii one of the most magnificent works of the present century. It has cost more than 4>? millions of th&lers (ltyioo.ooof.) Tho late M. Van Caneghem of Ghent has left thu sum cf lOO.UOOIr tor tho erection in that city of an hospital for the blind. r During the month of June, the BUin of 95,48-Ifr. wai nnlil intn lh? ^uvU.va' %l? 1? * Belgium; and the sum of 10B,7l4fr. withdrawn. The euro of ront-de-Loup has been condemned to twr k years' imprisonment for having excited his congrega tion to acts of violence against tome Protestant mission , arles. f The French government htm awarded a gold medal t Mr. James l'et?r. miiKter and owner of the brig Mercury 1 of Arbroath, for assistance tendered to the crew of tin French brig l.a Jeuue Kline, of Granville. * The rumor in revived that Sir James < iraliam proceedi 1 to the administration of India t Nearly 100,000 emigrantM li ft Liverpool in the fir\ t-is f mouths of the present year, in 4.'II ship*. I Mi?n iiurdett ('outs has endowed two of the foul ) colonial bishopriesr cently created. ' According to a royal decree just published in th< | Mvnitrur, rorn may be imported duty free into Belglun up to April I MM). , The Medical union of licl^iunt gave a grand ban<|Ui' to Dr. Rieken,, the King's physician, on the occasion o | his, being notiiiu ted chevalier of the Order of Leopold A new double-way bridge is about to be placed acros the south passage at the Oeorge'a Dock. Insects are making great ravages among the hops li ' Worcestershire. At present, lu Ureal Urltain, there Is one in lSS.'i of th population deaf and <lnuib, and one in 1000 blind. A short time since. Indian corn sold at <'ork for i-'l 19s. a ton: the best can now be had at from X'10 to jL'I the t<>n. It "iN stated that Lieutenant General Despau C.ubii-res had sent to the King his resignation as peer o Franca. The London correspondent of a Perthshire jourua Mt.&tttH. that, tin* nrnnHotAM ftf th? #l,i.'/?? V?.?.an.i ing Chronicle recently c jnteuiplated nu amalgamation of their journals. it in stated. observe* tint Daily AVu?, Unit ill oneof th> counties of Connaught, ? In,000 of the relief montty Inn Wit unaccounted fur. The King of Sweden has created MM. Scljonbeln and Bottiger, the inventors of gun cotton, knights of the or. der ol Vasa. The I'opu lias altered thn manner of reckoning time al Rome, where tin; people used the Italian mode of count ing U4 hour*, from half an hour before sunset, and hai ordered the public clock to lit adapted t* the coinmoc ' Kuropean reckoning. , The Arab chiefs have arrived in Paris. They lodg1 like Uou Mnza. in the < haraps Klyroes. They are nin ! in number, and seven wear the Cross of the Legion <> I Honor; they went on Saturday to visit, ainon^l othe tilings, the panorama of the battle of Kyl&u, and appear ud struck with admiration. The amiable Siriters of Charity, in thu Westport Con vent, are every morning engaged giving breakfast to th children of the poor. We regret to add that white en gaged in this work of charity, four of the ladies, loelud ing the mother abbess, caught thu fever, which prove fatal to one of them. Vet the ottier bisters of Mercy, n way daunted by tho fatu of thn iiudii who were seized b; the contagion, aru continuing to perform every morninj the heavenly offioe of feeding tho hungry and the help lens. i A letter from Lumber#, of July states that for ?om time past a great number of Jews have been emigratin from Itnssia into Uallicia, in confluence of the late men suren alopted by the Russian government, relative t i their worship. I'hw ..'ewish population of (iallicia b-in, i In conneijuuce of thin iuflux. augmented a seventh. th I government af I >4lliciu ban decided on establishing col( i ni?a of Jews in liukowina. where the population in rathe i thin. ' Mr. T. Lennon Hunt has been appointed Vico (onsu of England at Montevideo, in the place of Mr. Hood, re contly appointed consul at Buenos Ayren. The following are the statistics of emigration frot , Liverpool alone, during tho half yoar just cloned: ? Cli:awi:d Undkh tii>: I'a.mkniik.m'Act t."? Quahtkii Km ino JOTii June, 1817 Shipi. 1'attengeri Kor llie United States Ill 3i,i:>!l i " Cmiad* J3 il.lU! " New Brunswick 3 !>I7 " I'riuce Kd ward's Inland 1 441 , Cleakko ii* Haiik <ii astkr, mot uhurn tiii Pamkniikk* 'Ai'T. For the United States 36 1,537 " other parts of the world 37 1?S Total in quarter ending 30lh June, I It 17.271 i> 'H8 'I'oUl hi previous i|iitnrr ending March 31, IW7, (details uot distinguished ...ISO 'to, 001 (Jriml total fiom 1st January to 30lli Jim*, I8I7 13t 8S.M3 A* ohildren under twelve month* old are not counted and aa children under fourteen yearn are merely counl ed every two iu but one "statute adult," theso returc indicate that upwards of 100.000 nouln have, from l.ivei pool alone, ijnitted their nativo land witbin the last Hi months when emigration Is progressing with sueh llood-tide march, surely every practicable safeguard an protection ought to be extended to our poor fidlow sut jecta Hull' expatriated. But here blundering leginlntio Droves either Inanrdlnaliln ?., n?ini...n u- i rr -- .HIMkOUMVUWI/ IUUJJU11I tiro. Don Carlo*, hi* wife, and ono of lila itonH,haJ arrive at tbu water* of Aiz, io Savoy. Tho Journal He Dthatt announce* the arrival of Ml Cobden at Vienna, whore ho wan presented to Prlnc Metternlch and to the Baron Ue Kubcck, Minister of th Interior, l>y Lord I'onsonby, the British amliaxnador. The heat of tho weather in London ha* bc<<n excel dire. A paper nay* - The thermometer ranged durin the afternoon of Monday a* high a* !>tf degree* in tli khii. and HI in the xhade, with the wind W ; onTuesdaj *ih degree* In the Min, and 80 In the *had , ?/ltli the win N. N W.; ami yimlorday. trom two to four, the merr.UT wa* up to 104 ilegree*, being *ix degree* above bloo he*t anil only *lx degree* below fever heat, and in th bade the mercury stood atN, with the wind du? nortli with a brilliant clear *ky overhead, although to tli xouth and ea*t there were in tbe distance o cloud*. The total quantity of tea which paid duty in th United Kingdom, in the year ended the f>lb of nine la* *a< I0 446SWJ lb* , an Itt0fe:i*e of HH.fltl lb*, compare, with 18IU 1 he p.rnonal. fleet * of the late l)r Shirley Bishop c ?odor and .Man, ho* been estimated for probate duty a not exceeding jC-?k? within Hie prnvlnBe of (antrtbnrj IERA 1847. Foreign 'I'hmtrlraN Henry Kuasall Man juat concluded a most aucceaaful provincial tour Me ha* announced a xeriea of conoerta throughout Kent during the present month, commencing at the (Jravesend Theatre, from whence he goes to Canterbury, Dover, Margate, Kamsgate, and all the other principal towns The DiaMn Family are engaged to perform on their saxhorns. at Northampton, where the (irand Agricultural Meeting ia to be held. The son of the inimitable John lteeve ia about to make hia first public appearance for the beneti* of hi* father's old friend, Buckstone. who take* his farewell benefit at the Haymarket theatre, on the 'Jlat inst Mr lteeve haa chosen a favorite character of hia father a. bill Dow ney, in " The I'nfinished Uentleman, ' in which to make hia ilef/ut. Mr. lteeve. it ia ulil. inKuriti munli f.t tiiMt genuine bumor that in the elder John su often " net the audience In a roar.'' Mr. Walton, who ha* been attach<><l to the 1'rinceM. * Theatre from it* commencement, as an actor, and on several occasions an stage manager, died yesterday. after a short Illness. The cause of his death is attributable to iutlammatlou brought on by too frequent applications of laudanum. It U stated that Jullien hoy engaged most of the band | belonging to thu Royal Italian Opera, for the purpose of j giving musical performances, on a very extensive scale, 1 at the Drury Lane, in the autumn, when Covent Garden is closed. The Idea of giving Knglish operas at that house during the winter, Tias been abandoned fer the present. Vestrls and her junior partner, are doing great things for the approaching campaign ut the l.yceum ; while Macready. shut out of a theatre of his own. has bouud himself for three mortal years to Maddox. of the I'rincuss. Julien, and Kred. Uye, Jr . have signed, sealed, Sic., lor lJrury Lane, te give everything?tragedy, comedy, opera, ballot, farce, concert, kc. It is rumored that preparations are in progress to give Knglish operas on a very extensive scale, at Urury Lane Theatre; under whose direction has not yet been made public. BJMr. Ilooke, the composer of'Ainilie,'' tec , lies dangorously ill, with very little hopes of his recovery. At Manchester, Junnv Lind has only demanded ?1000 for tbreo night*; and in London the on dit is that she receives A'SOO for two nights in Edinburgh. A letter from (Constantinople, of tho9th instant. mentions, that two hour* after the arrivnl of M. List* in that capital, tho Sultan had invited to his palace the celebrated pianist, who bad the honor of playing several pieces in presence of his highness. Mademoiselle Itachel made her first appearance this season, at the St. James's Theatre, London, as Camilla in the tragedy of '-Los Horaces." it was a splendid triumph of histrionic genius. A l.ondon paper speaking of the Jenny Lind mania, says, that beyond tho transient excitement created by the visit of ot the Orand Duke Constantiue, nothing is at present beard of in Manchester, save the approaching appearance of the "Swedish Nightingale." Proverbially staid and business like as .Manchester men are generally counted, they, for the nonce, appear to have overcome their usual apathy, and to have worked themselves into a perfeel furort of excitement and delightful expectancy, which, iu these " dog day," has beoome alarming Truly may some of them be pronounced to be in a rabid state. By ten o'clock on Saturday morning the box office door ot the theatre was surrouuded by an assemblage of some 300 or :t0(l gentlemen, all waiting to take tickets and places to hear and see the bewitching cantatrlce, who has already turned the beads of half the population of the metropolis. When the doors were opened the rush was terrific, aud the most untiring exertions <if two full grown policemeu scarcely saved the place from being curried by storm. As fast as the crowd was permitted to enter, their numbers wore swelled from behiud, until at last the crush and overpowering heat became ho utterly oppressive, that many gentlemen actually fainted away and were borne off by the police ku attendance. Novel , was such anxiety manifested here before, in favor of anj vocalist or actress. Those who could luaintaiu QwS ground amidst the dense crowd, did *o wlthji pa tlence and spirit of martyrdom, quite amusing J, even to the absolute sacrifice of their coat talln ' which, in the struggle, were torn from them. Ant all this continued up to four o'clock in the after > noon, crowds pushing and lighting their way, without in termlssiou. up to that late hour. To some extent, bu only for a short time, the same sreue was re-enacted ot Monday, the demand for tickets and pltces being <|uitt Q as great for an hour or two The Swedish Nightingali will appesr at the Manchester Theatre lloyal for t'oui j nights instead of two. sti before announced The nlghti are Saturday. Wednesday, Tuesday and Friday, a repetition of the two operas being given in the previous or* der. viz: "Sonnauibula," on Saturday and Wednesday and'l.ii Klgliadel Iteggimento" on the two latter nights ; This arrangement was made in consequence of the [treat enquiry for tickets, and now places will be allotted for either opera on applicat ion by letter She is about to du the conjugal, with a relative of Mr George Orote, the classical and radical banker, and Inte M. p. for l.ondon > i The Kint; of Sweden baa created Thalberg a Knight ol the Order of Wasa. ^ Mr. Jullieu signed a lease for three years for Drury ' lane Theatre. The bouse is to be splendidly decorated and the present intention is to give promenade concerts s the legitimate drama, and Knglish ouera. with a first rati band and chorus. 1 Tlie Cnru Trnilo of K. nropr. |Kroin th* Mark l.ane Express. July 19.] e Since Kriday night a change ban taken place in tli wf?ath?*r. but ihe intense heat previously experienced !) forced the growing grain crop* rapidly forward, and ii I Home very early localities the sickle has already beei brought into operation Lust night we had thunde showers in thin neighborhood, and to-day (Saturday " the weuther ban a decidedly unNettled appearance 1 should rain Net in, which in not improbable alter so ioni a period of dry weather. harvest operations would be de 1 layed; and even if thin should not be the case, reupini can scarcely be general in the southern parts of th i kingdom tili the end of the mtinth. In proportion as th wheat crop has progressed towards maturity, the report , of the probable yield have become less favorable; nnd I instead of the extraordinary abundance a short ttmi gocalculated on. strong doubts are beginning to be en tertuined whether the produce will prove an usual ave ' rage. The cause of the expected deficiency is the re. ported prevalence wf blight undredgum; and if thest disorders are really so general as represented, It would ; alford suflicient grounds for a lest favorable estimate el tile probable result of the wheat harvest than that ^ previously entertained being taken. We are, howi ever, disposed to think that it is yet too early to form anything like a definite opinion on this Important ? subject; but thitt injury may have been done to the ,, wheat plant by the cold nights experienced in June is f by no means unlikely. Barley and oats are generallj r well spoken of, and we have heard no complaints re specting peas ; but the bean erop is said to have been s< extensively attacked by the black fly as to render i doubtful whether it will yield more than three-l'nurth of a crop. In rvgard to potatoes we are sorry to tsa; " that the accounts have again become unfavorable; s< l" little appears, however, to be really known of tliu cha ' ractur of the disease of the last two seasons, that rumar * of its roappearanet) should be received with Htm 0 caution. f Tho trade in wheat has throughout tho week main ! tnined a decidedly firm tone; not tho slightest inclint '* tion has, however, been shown to enter into spucuiativ investments?indeed, all parties have exercised extrein a caution in their operations, only buying sufficient t g carry on their usual trade for a limited period Th Insignificance of the deliveries from the growers ha o therefore, in our opinion. had more to do with the *<! (, vauce which has taken place in prices than the reporte e injury sustained by the wheat crop That the stooli i- of home urown wheat are all but exhausted is tolernbl r evident, from the tact that buyers from districts usuall furnishing supplies fur l.ondon, Liverpool, and the othi j large consuming towns, have visited the ports wliel they could obtain foreign, and shipments on an extei give scale are now in progress at this port both for tl east and west const; besides which, large <|iiantities n! n being transported into tin? interior by railway. At Liverpool tlio case is the same ; and most of tl d- purchases made tOern of late have been hy distant bo; ers The advices from thenco of Tui nl ly Inform i that a good business was done on that occasion in when at prices 3d. per 1 (libs above those current on that da sennight; but on Friday the country demand seem* t have somewhat slackened, and a portion of (lie abov <|U0tcd rise was again lost, Flour was likewise easier t buy, but at an abatement of-is per brl. large sales migh have been lnado. From .Scotland, we lenrn that the grain crops w> r considered promising, but In regard to potatoes the re ports are not favorable, unequivocal symptoms of th uiueh-dreaued disorder having. It is stated made thei appearance. Similar statement* have also reached OS within th last few days from Ireland. |_ These report" ennui g lis t hey i| 1 li "tll differont part of tho country, ami from parties who In many instance in denied. only k week or two ago, I hat any cause exlstc r. for apprehension, certainly afford* evidence (lint th x plant i* not exhibiting so satU/sfltory an appearance a a it did In the early part of the month Good supplies r (1 new potato*-* arc. nevcrlheli m. cowing forward, the qual >. ity superior to uliy obtainable at this time lust year 11 from which it would deem that tho curly kinds have a k. all events escaped, whutever may bu the Utc of tliu lat TAflvtiM. . The arrivals of homo grown wheat into London con tinuM to fall ofT week after week, and the quantity re . ported up to this (Saturday) evening amounts to oi.l rl I.Jtffl qrs. Meanwhile very little has been brought for :e ward at Mark Laoa by Uud carriage samples from th u neighboring counties, arid the millers have experience mime difficulty in securing a sufficient <|iiarillty of fTcpl Knglish wheat for mixing with the foreign On Wed ? nesday the K.ssex, Kent and Suffolk stands were nearl] (, hare; and so little business was consequently done a/ r scarcely to warrant alteration In quotation*, hut tha ,j needy buyers had to pay :i trllle over Monday's eurrencj ? Ih certain On Krlday there wa.4 absolutely no whrat o j houie growth on nile, the operations were therefore ne H eessarily uniinportant. and, In the aliseure of business , quotation;'. remained nominslly as In tho beginning o itie week foreign wheat continues to come pretty free f ly to hand. '!'> Ht; qr" having arrived dining the week A I urge piop.n i i<>. ot ' i- "i, ; I- 111'.?111 i I interio <iuallty, and incch of It In siteli in liferent condition n |* to be unfit tor Immediate u?e Iteally gn id qiialtth have been In fn'r request principally for transit m o tb a Interior; and, though - ur own miller* have acted on th resrrve. rattier a considerable amount of business lis ' been d<j?ie The Kales made on Wednesday \v: r? ii about previous prices, but later in the ?,ek Dan* g an the finer descriptions of red wheat, hr?ugVit a trltle mot ? ^ LD. Prlrc Two Cent*. * r i3B than on Monday Egyptian and other inferior aorti have been comparatively neglected though offered relatively cheap In quotations of town made flour no change ha* occurred, nor haa the demand Iteen by any ineana lively American flour ha* met with a moderate ?hare of attention, but former rate* hare not been exceeded, :?7a to 3H? per barrel being still extreme rate* for the beet brand* on Friday The arrival* ot flour from the United State* have been rather liberal,which ha* tended to keep price* steady. The operation* in barley have again been on a strictly retail *cale. Of Kngli*h hardly an v has come to market, and the finer *orts have been held firmly at former terms. Some further supplies of Egyptian and other low qualitie* have come forward; and though the?e have been offered at very low rates, much difficulty ha* been in tliMir lUarwmal The business done in limit hu been on a strictly retail scale, aud no change has occurred in the value of the article The arrival* of British grown oat* have been scanty in the extreme, only .><J nuarters having been received from our <>wn nout, none from Scotland, and hOO qr* from Ireland. The receipt* from abroad have, meanwhile. been moderate; und it would appear that the Riga cargoes are mo*tly lu. The dealer* having, however. I bought pretty freely of late, have conducted their operation." cautiously tin* week On Wednesday the purchase* were mostly by countrymen, and the demand was not sufficiently extensive to enable seller* to establish an advance. On Kriday, however, 6d to 1* per (jr. more was ssked. and pretty generally paid, for Riga and other good foreign corn. Theie ho* been rather more doing in beans, and prices Of both Knglish and Kgyptian have tended upward*. IVas have been neglected ; and in the absence of business, prices have undergone no change t Indian corn does not appear to increase in favor with he inhabitants of the metropolis, and the sale in this market is very restricted. Ho little has been done In the article since our last that we can scarcely give its precise value, but 4ii*. pur <ir. would probably be an extreme price for the best. Krom the continent of Kuropo the report* as to the weather and the crops are almost universally of a favorable character, In some of the southern countries, considerable progress had been made ; indeed, in Italy and the south of trance the crops may be said to have been secured Krom these plae.es. as well as from those where reaping had not yet been commenced, we learn that a very ubundant yield was calculated on ; but stocks being all but exhausted, prices had been well maintained. A letter from Marseilles, dated 10th of July, informs u* that the stock of corn, which had only a month before consisted of 1,600.(MH> charges, had, in consequenoe of the enormous country demand, been reduced to between 300,000 and 400.000 charge*, and it was expected that the supplies which might still come forward from the Black Hea would meet a ready sale. Krom Ancona we learn, under date :ird Inst., tbat the harvest had been finished in that neighborhood, and that samples of the new cron had been brouoht forward I of Tory line quality These hail been taken by local I consumers. at prices equal to 3Hs. to 38a. 10(1. per qr. free on board. Kruin the llaltlc tint accounts are very dull this week, but the extreme scarcity of wheat bad prevented prices falling no much an they otherwise might have done. At Danzig, on the 10th of July. prices ranged from 60s to 08s. per fjr free on board, and at then* rates about 950 UstH had changed hands during the week. The advice* from Rostock, Stettin, Konlgsberg. Ice , are without the slightest interest. At these place* hardly any wheat In, we are Informed, left in the granaries ; and the supplies from growers having nearly ceased, the business transacted had been on a strictly retail scale, and prices had become almost nominal. Such seems also to have been the case at Hamburg,but the extreme scarcity of wheat bad rendered holders unwilling to accept below Ms. up to Btis. per nr. for good parcels of red on the spot. The following were the fluctuations in the average price of wheat during the six weeks endiug Saturday, r July 10:? Imperial AVBKAUBS. IVeek Endiug IFAeat. Hye. Brant. Prat. , Julie 5th 99 10 72 0 GO 3 ?1 8 I June 12th i<? 10 07 1 57 8 59 1 i Julie 19th 91 7 70 11 57 5 50 10 * June 20th 91 4 01 11 57 8 57 0 " July 3d 87 1 05 0 64 9 5? 8 July 10th 82 3 01 9 53 0 55 10 t AitKregatr average ul the six l weeks which reKuUlrs the , dntv 99 2 07 II 50 10 57 10 , ('lIMUBATIVC Altluia. ; Same time l..?t vear 52 3 18 1 .10 II 31 7 i Th? Journal of the Minittry of the Interior for June, (published nt St l'cter/<biirghi contains the following article: ?"The failure of the corn crop and the potato discuHf produced last year in many parts of Kurope. and especially in Irelaud. Kncland Prance, and Northern <?erm;iny. a scarcity which has been constantly increasing since the autuimi. This calamity oppresses the peo1)1 ' Vel-v heaiilv anil men fit HrienrM in viiin strive In H?_ vise some means tlii*t will supply the place of bread. All the proposed icheme* are mi-rely available on paper. and It would be in vain if, in order to check the use of flour, the sale of new bread were to be prohibited (which, it if alleged, in consumed in larger >iuanttti?s than old); it will never be possible to satisfy ten persons with a supply only sufficient for half thai number All thine arli' fecial resource? lead to nothing. and the poorer portion ' of the population.without means to support themselves, and impelled by despair, proceed to perpetrate act* of violence, or perish by thousands, an in Ireland, for example. For the averting of thin scarcity. the various Governments of Kurope have adopted energetic ineae sures. That of Great Britain ha* allowed the free Iml, portation of corn from the 1st of Kebruary of the curii rent year until the lut of September; and in I'ranee the n duty on corn and Hour ban been considerably reduced r until the :11st of July inut. In like manner, the duties ) on grain in Belgium, Holland. Hanover, Oldenburg, llol; stein. llavaria. Wurteinburg, iladen, Khenlsli Prussia g and Westphalia. are either altogether abolished. ?r very considerably reduced. In Naples, the exportation of K corn Is prohibited; and the name in the kingdom i> of Sardinia, where, at the same time, the duty it upon imported corn has been greatly reduced * I'ndcr these circumstances. Kussia. which, in the pro* , perous years of IMI.i and IH4U had laid up considerable i? stores of grain, was compelled to serve as the chief market of the countries menaced by famine: and, in fact, the exports of coru during the pest, as well a? the orders for the current, year were unusually large. Krorn South > ern Russia upwards of :i.1X111IHMI chetwerts of grain were I shipped oil last year, and l,MX).UOO chetwerts, which had r wintered ill various ports of the Black Sea and the Hea 1 ol Azopli. Iiiid already been bought up abroad before the opening of this year s navigation. In Odessa .the de, maml was so considerable, that the prices of wheat rose in Kebruary from U silver roubles !#? copecks to 11 roui bins 90 copecks |>er chetwert?an event which bad not occurred since the year I?I7. Throw high prices alio r c.iused this unusual appunrance, that the corn * wan brougnt to < ide -a in winter wagons with horses and i oxen In this month there wure already told upwards t, of -1 000.000 chetwerts of grain from the Government of 4 Now Russia and the surrounding districts. Krou Archy angel, 3.10,000 chetwerts of ryu. '131,000 chetwerts of oata, i> and 33.1,000 pood* of ryo meal were exported last year. lliga hhipyud during the pust year, 363,000 chetwerts of h rye. At the same time commissions for considerable e supplies were given in both places for thtreu 1847.? l' roin St. Petersburg)!, .">S0,000 chetwerts of rye, 61,000 I- of wheat, and about CO,000 chetwerts Of oats, and 14,000 b.irrula oi iye meul were shipped in 1*40 to Kngland. ? Holland. Belgium. and the (jurman ports. Kven liefore h tho ro-oponlug of thin year's navigation, them were heri< o purchased for shipment at the end of January about 31'>,000 chetwerts of ryo, 300,000 of oats, 174,000 of k, wheat, and about 11.10,000 sack* of ryu, destined for Irel land?altogether about 1,000.000 chetwerts of grain d Such considerable purchases of corn on tbn Kxchange n of thin city, aud the Increasing scarcity in those couny tries. justltied the expectation of a still further demand ,y from abroad; and the consequence of this must neces r sarily lie a rlne of prices in St. Petcrshurgh. Ho it re happen d. and that, moreover, to an extent which !. was wholly disproportionate to the supplies on us hand ; for, apart from tlie stores of grain in the capital, re the arrival ot tile supplies of grain laid up on this and the other fide of Kybmsk, ;> well as in that town itself, lo w.h looked l ?r. These stores are, however, so conslderlt. able, that alter making provision for the capital, and '? deducting the quantities ordered for foreign uountries, a t large residuary surplus remains available. Notwithy standing this, the prices for corn aro here on tW spot o almost doubled. Iu order, then, to guard against the i. prejudicial effect of such high prices on the sale of bread 0 iu the capital, the Minister of the interior, after consultt, log with the n presentative of the military governor of St Petersburg)!, has ordered that to the poor of this city meal shall shall be delivered from the Crown magazine's at A roubles 30 copecks per chetwert ; to the bakers, however, to each J.i chetwerts at a time, at the price of r 0 silver rouble* The last mentioned measure is baseti upon the consideration tlint very few of the inhabitants g of St. Petersburg!) bake their bread at home, but for the most part patisty their demands at the simps of the * bilkers and fmall dealers These bakers and dealer* ? must, therefore, bo placed In a position to be able to fix 1 the price of bread, without fluctuation, at >> copper cov pecks per 111 On the other hand, the corn dealer* of K this city have expressed a general wish to lay aside a ij unn-iuniu |>;irt 01 him nuppiiw i?n ruiui( to IIWIII, 111 OM^f I. to cell to tho inhabitant* of 8t I'eteraburgh at the following price*, vi* H)f? meal at rouble* SO copeck* per t barrel; oatu, at 3 roublw 76 copucks ; buckwheat, at ? ti rouble* per che.wcrt Now, a* a con*lderaM* arrival of gtain i* uxpeoted hero? an upwards Of h.i o.ooo chetwerU hare been rhippcd off from *. the rarlou* river port*, them in no reason to fear y that the prion In thl* market will be maintained. or that . a furtliur ri*e will take place It intgbt be expected that ? thl:<, to the oonnunera. unprofitable rim of price* would I a', leaft bare a beneficial influence on tha inte.-ent* of , tbe ho< band in an in the corn-growing diatrlcta. Thir, however, ba? not I* -n the can-; for wbil*t here. In *t. r I'eteraburgh, the ?aric of rye mnal ia aold at H *ilver rno , ble* the chetwert of wheat at 14 rouble* .10 copeck*, and I oat* at * rouble* per chetwert, price* have hardly rl*en r nt nil In i he lower dl*lrlct* It thence follow* that the f pro lit, whb'h ?a< the peculiar due of tbe producer, baa J none, and I* etill golor, into the pecket* of the nierchant alone llow I* thia striking phenomenon in a I f politico-economical point of view to ho explained, *wl 1 how comes it ihat tlie rise of the market price* lia* hut v my llllllllM iii" II UM price of corn at the I r place of production ' Wherefore hare piioe* oaly ri?en I to am ln?tg i ' extant in the corn-growing di*trtet?, I n ?tul*t iii Bt rvt?r*burgU they have bi >?n doubled ' ' be I e pr.ticii \l rea'ou I', tl.a- ..ur tiu?iMi lno n. regaHDdi of I e their own profit hare not taken the lea* trouble to a*- I .< cert at u I lit courto "t ibt ti kDtmariue trade and Ik* I it price* In the M Peter*bwgh market; the buyer* ar? J i thereby placed in a poattlon to hs 'be pricw mo?t pioflt* 1 'i* able to them' el???, aod to buy up tho corn far below the.