Newspaper of The New York Herald, October 25, 1847, Page 1

1?? T11J Vol. Xin. \o. ?M.WhoU No. 4880. INTERESTING DETAILS FROM TJIR SEAT OF WAR. MILITARY KOnHKRI. he. &C. &C. APHAIBS ON TUB ROAD TO THE CAPITAL. 1'tCIAL I) CI PATCH TO THE NEW TOUR HERALD. J A L .V HA. M Allan. S?tlt lfU7 My la?t, on the eve <> tue d-parture of the train under M?Jor Lally from Vera Crux, prr l*ed an occasional Jotti?g down of incidents on oar journey up ; but io many Iihvh occurred, that time is wanting to re MTur our shattered idea*, which have not yet reoovered from tho awful shock, produced by the whlxxlng of those dreadful escopelte balls In some future letter, I will (?lv? you a little Journal of details. Btifflo* It to sav, that we fought from the San Juan river to this place, not goios: half a mile without being fired on by Sartlea of guerillas, annoying our men nearly to doath. urlng this inarch wo fought four regular battle*; on* at Vawodel Ovijas, having two ofAuers severely wounded, one nun killed, and eight wounded. At tin* national brl'fgn. the -2ii Instant, we fought very bard for five hours and a half, losing one offlner, Lt..Ueo. D 1'wiggs, killed, and Lt J M Winder. voltliceurs, wounded, (since dead) and the (3) officers, Capt. Clarke, and Lt Cramer, 11th infantry, mil Lt. Adama, marine corps, severely wounded 11 men killed, and 30 wounded At Cerro (Jurdo, tin; lath,the train being parked at Plan del Klo, we foujiht ubout lour hours, taking by storm batteries No 1.3 3. losing 'I men killed, and 10 wounded. At Los Animas, near tola place, the evening of 10th, the last expiring eil irt of the guerillas was made ; we fongbt one hour, when they rau preeiptately. Here we lost two killed, nine wounded. Msjor Lally, commanding was wounded in the neck?not severely, however. We came to the gate* of the oily very friendly disposed, 1 can assure you. it'ior forage had been exhausted seven day*, and our men had had nothiag to eat sinco morning. and the otnmissary wagons were cleau dry. After the fight, visions of hotsmoking supper had risen before u? and some of very vivid imaginations had even thought nfabed Arriving at; Garits, or tho gate of the", olty, the men were halted, aid Lt. Russell, of the 4th, our commissary .in consequence of our larder being exbaust, ed, having nothing to do, and without possessing a tact for diplomacy, was sunt into town with a message for the alcalde A small escort, with an Interpreter, accompanied liim. vhey had proceeded but# abort distance when they were tired upon, and charged by a party ot lano?rs front out a bye-street The Interpreter , wis wounded, but Lt. Russell, ambitious, maintained his position, and gallantly led the charge of laneert. Some llff.y yards in advanoe, however, his horse unfortunately stumbled, thereby saving his life, for the lancers wore so busy In securing the horse, that they forgot the rider, who made his way back to the train. ]Korbearance being a virtue, we practiced It, laying on our arms hunfry and tired, our poor animals harnessed, without havng food or water for twenty-four hours. In the morning we intended attacking the city, but received conciliatory messages from the alcalde, who blamed the guerillas for the outrage We marohed into town accordingly. and took occupation. About an hour before the lost buttle at Los Animas, the guerillas sent a white fl-ig to us. saving, that as they were unwilling to shed blood, if wo would yield our artillery, arms, ammunition, train, Sto , we should be permitted to return to Vera Cruz An advance picket of three Louisiana Dragoons, seeing the bearer approaching without any appearance af ltelug a messenger, his flag being wrapped around the taff. unfortuuately shot him. Our answer, however, was returned in a short time, proving quite disagreeable to them So sanguine were the guerillas of success in this iifTiir. tint about fifteen hundred of the inhabitants bad gone out to see tog Jlmtricanot taken. Gov. Soto, commanding, was one of the first to vamot. I will not attempt to give a description of this beautiful little city, nestling among the hills; any effort of mine would be entirely inadequate to convey the faintest conception of the beauty, th? magnificence and grandeur of the scenery. More skilful pens than mine would remain motionless at the attempt. Our force having been so terribly cut up. and the train requiring much repair, the command has been r?taiDed here until the arrival of another train. Every thing has boen remarkably quiet Not even one stampede nas oonurreii. A few dtys slnoe we were somewhat surprised by the arrival of Col. Wynkoon with a oommmd from I'erote As we wanted no assistance, being able to take care of ourselves, he returned. Previously, however, going to a beautiful little village. Coabuatepec, about two leagues from here, in search of a oourler who had been captured by guerillas?his foroe consisted N principally of Walker's mounted rifles. You may Imagine the result of their journey, when the bill for robberies of the oburch alone has been sent in here to the amount or six hundred dollars. Two days after a deputation from the village waited on our commanding officer. die I ring to enter Into soma agreements with him, promising to return in the afternoon with some oitizens of Jalapa, and make known their wishes. In the meantime, now* had arrived of the affair at Mexloo. This d'sooncerted the'Vallalntes," and they did not appear agreeably to appointment We,however, learned the purport of their communication, which was to order us to surrender immediately, aud that by yielding oar arms and all our munitions, we should bo sent to Vera Cms and shipped hsok to theUnited States at their expense Very pleasant terms, certainly, and wa are only sorry they had not an opportunity of making them known personally. Various rumors are afloat in relation to affairs above, but as these reports are so often inoorreot, and consequently Injurious in their tendency, I give none of tlii'ui Whenever any thing authentic appears, you shall be informed. The guerillas from above have all gone down to attack the next train. Their foroe, how ever, is not great, as they are much dispirited at being so thoroughly beaten by us. So sure were they of our train, that the padre Jarautl offered iifty dollars to eaeh man if they captured it. But they reckoned prematurely, for, according to their own accounts, they had been most shamefully beaten, meeting with a terrible loss ? Abuta, one of ineir best chiefs, #1 wounded at the National bridge, since dead, ond ?ome fifty killed at that plaoe alone. The (ire of onr artillery at this place was very destructive. They intend attacking the next train at Cerro Oorda, but we are informed of its movements, and they will flud a foroe In the front and rear at the same time. Little fear need be entertained for it. as the guerilla* are completely dispirited with their loaMs It is probable that a force will immediately be designated to occupy this place. Its importance on the line of communication must be evident to every one, and no move could bo made better calculated to restrain guerillas than this. The inhabitants of the city, who stand in much f,-ar of-ios guerrilleros," are very desirous for Its occupation by a permanent force. The health of this command is improving fast. The wounded officers are doing very well indeed, and should tho train go on will be able to go with it. Major Lally, who was wounded in the neck at Log Animas. has again ii-iii.nvl command. Ilia staff consist* ofCapt B Alvord,4th infantry, Acting Assistant Adjutant General, Lt Henry 8 Jones, Ansistant Quartermaster, and Lt. David Russell, 4th Infantry, Acting Commissary. Should any thing of interest occur daring the remainder of our stay, I shall make you acquainted with it. Jtu rtvoir. Yours, H. L. fWe arc glad to hear frotn the above correspondent. We hope the guerillas will not stop his letters. We shall always be happy to receive them.?Kd. Herald.] THE NEW YORK REiilMENT. Kxtraet of a letter from Lieut. Charles P. Brower, of Compart? E, New York Regiment Head Quarters or thk Army, > Ktnperoro House. City of Mexico, Sept. 18, 1847. ) We are now in the great eity of Mexico, and I assure you we barn had to fight our way In, step by step. Other letters will acoompany this, In whloh I hare given you a slight description of the engagements of the l'.llli and JOth of August; since then we have bad another, whioh commenced on the twelfth of September, and lasted three days lt wan one of the moet severe battles that has been fought during the war. We have lain night after nigtit in trenches, under a heavy battery firing bombs ani chain shots CRntlnually--we have waded through ditches, scaled the great castle with sealing ladders, taktug lotteries and cmunu without number. Capt Oalligher being detailed for other duty, I agnin had command of my oompany, in leading it on the charge, to the caetle. and we found it vory hot work. ' l'wae heart rending to see our gallant comrades falling all around us. The first one 1 saw fall, in leading up the charge of toy company, was Capt. Van Ollnda, of Company It shot dead. The next, lying on the ground, sras our gHllant little Lieut. Col. Baxter, your old friend and schoolmate Me died the fourth day after receiving h h wou ids ?also hundreds of wounded and dead lying in our path Oh. great Ood! What a sight met our eyr? on all sides ' But onward, onward,we went, until we arriv< d up the hill to the castle. Here we had a tremendous tire or' musketry upon us, but we bad brought our sealing ladders with us, and in a few momenta we were over and after the enemy, of wbioh there were three or four tUousnnu.but they were obliged to give way for us ll/tj ?/w. u i. a t ri.ativ nrlannarit Wit fnllnwAri fhn enemy down the regular road from thecaatle, for abou; tlired when ihey made auother bait. We then let oar artillery play upon them until night. Thin wm vitMn a half mile of the city. and in thin the Mexicans h*d the direct Ore from thu road, and a hoary cr?M Ore on us from lb? mialal, which is in thn outskirts of the city I hern wind n great number of our soldiers killed unl w<uod-d from this cross fire Nigbt set In and we c?<aed; but the enemy kept a fire, at Interval*, until twelve o'clook, whoa Companies A, D, f,, K, O, H, an i I. let to work, aud r?p?irrd thn battery we bad taken, and oa which we worked until daylight. ?o m< 10 be ready for the enemy in tbe mornlug, ?u 1 after being In raadinesa to give them a de?ll of * whipping, in cornea a flag of truce to Oen Quitman, of our division, inviting him to come into tbe oity, a* Geu Sauta Anna and all hia soldiers h.? 1 eamaitd, ai they call going oil H'e were moat deTeliably disappointed, I can tell you, for we wanted U> give tbem, vulgarly ( peaking, h ? that morning However, we went into the city, ui.ircbed up to the graud I'laaa and halted. I think our division was tbe flrat lu the oity, and the New York volunteers thu third regiment iu front of tbe Hall* of tbe Minteiumaa * * * * To pioc ed w.th my deaarlptlon We had acaroely halted when musket balls kept whlazing round our heads, and we could not for our lives imagine where they came from; but oa looking around we noon discovered they came from the aurrouuding yards and bouses We, however 8oof) had nien on the houses, and pointed two large ( annuo down the street*, which sent many a smutty Mexican to hia long home. After the first day in th? cf E NE NE ty, (Jen Scott sent word to th? Alcalde that If the firing was not stopt. be would sack the olty So you see they thought it best to stop that fun. We are now quit* comfortable. Our regiment la quartered in the house ot the Emperor Iturbide. It I* a most splendid edifice I cannot describe it to you now. my brain is so bewildered with horrid sights, but when I get mom composed I will mdearor t' git e you a description of the different scenes I have beheld, in other letters I will write to you. Sine* writing the above, your friend, Capt. Pearson, of company E. has been brought in severely wounded, but I am happy to say he U not considered dangerous Lieut. Mayne Read, of my company, la also badly wounded. On the eighth of this month 1 saw sixteen deserters from the Araertorn army hung, and although 1 know they deserved it, still my heart aobed for them. AFAafRS IN THE CITY OF MEXICO. [Extracts from the American Star. Sep' 28th.} We take much pleasure in stating that those of our wounded are doing very well at present The climate (terms to agree with them We are gratified to state, that since our laat, nearly all the stores and taverns have opened for business, and iu a irruat muiin ?nitH(i?nn? Keeinn fMt establishing between us aud the citizens. In leas Chan one week'f time from now, we feel certain that we will stand upon the lamv footing with the Mexican*, that we did with Poblanos The markets, too, are beginning to be well supplied with the product* of the vaUey, and every thing betokens a comfortable and pleasant future to u* la this capital. The Mexioan army, at the latest aooounts. was slowly wending Its way towards Queretaro. Tney numbered l?ss than 3,000 men, under oomosand of Gen Herrera Santa Anna, It is now very generally believed, Is making bis way to the sea board, for the purpose of embarking to a foreign country. THE AMERICAN GOVERNKR OF .UB.VICO. To gallant Mississippi belongs the honor of giving to Mexloo her Arst American Governor, and we may also add. her first wise Governor. General Boott displayed *<{ual judgment and magnanimity In this appointment. General Quitman had had the misfortune to be excluded from the battle of Cerro Gordo and of t'ontreras. His brave spirit and acknowledged military talents had met with disappointments, which no doubt grieved his gallant soul. But in the olosing scenes, he availed himself of the long delayed opportunity, and covered himself with glory in tbe various difllonlt operations which preceded tbe occupation of the city, his admiraole fitness for tbe governorship ot Mextso, will oeour to all who are acquainted with General Quitman. He Is a profound jurist and elegant scholar, well read in history, and familiar with several of the modern languages, ineluding, we believe, Spanish. He is, too, a cool, deliberative, firm and moat rigidly honest man. VVe predict that his adminlstrat'on will be more effective and successful than that of any other ruler Mexloo has ever had THE HARDEST FIGHTING YET. The following we oopy from the Tamplco Sentintl, of the 30th ult: ? Major W. W. Morris, of the 4th artillery, has received a letter from his brother, Capt Gouverneur Morris, 4th United States infantry, dated .lalapa, Sept. 15th, in wliloh he status that the oomm&nd to which he was attached, consisting of between seven and eight hundred men. in marching from Vera Cruz to Jalaaa, lost in a conflict with the guerillas, in killed aud wounded, one hundred and fifty men?one-fifth of the whole frrue engaged This has not its parallel In any action since the commencement of tbe war. The ontef who commanded the guerilla party, consisting of about one thousand men, is a priest by the name of JarAlllA a.nfi < mnraiBunta/l am m soldier ' " ' But in this, ii in every other ease where eur arms hare met the Aztcc raoe, the troops ol the North have oome off brilliantly victorious. Gapt. Morris was iu the hard fought battles of Talo Alto, and Resaoa du U Palma, and Represents thu fire of the guerillas as even hotter and heavier than was experienced in those memorable battles. T1IB RIFIJi REGIMENT. [From the Washington Intelligencer, Oot. U3 ] It may relieve the anxiety ot the friend* of (Beers in the mounted rifie aorps to Know the nature ana extent of the injuries which those officers have received in the battles ot Comreras. Cburubmoo, and Chapuitepeo, and in entrring the oity of Mexioo. We, therefore,have the pleasure to state, ou the authority of a letter from an offloer in Mexico to hW father in this city, uuder date of the -J7th ult, that no officer was killed, although Major I.oriug had lost his left arm; Captain Tuoker was wounded by a musket ball in the right arm and side, and Lt M. E. Van liuren was wounded in the knee Some others [among whom is Lieut J N. Palmer, a native of New Vork,und a graduate of West Point], nad bwen slightly wounded, but none were considered In danger. MORS OP TUK RANK AND PILE. General Scntt, In one of his orders, calls on the com manders or regiment* and oorps, to furnish the names of the sergeants, oorporals and other enlisted men, who distinguished themselves In the recent battles, so they may receive the benefit of the aet of Congress of Marob 3d, 1847, which authorises the Government to promote such persons to the rankof Brevet 2d Lieutenant. This is right; the glorious victories oould not have been won without the rank and file; they have, many of them, earned advancement, and it should not be denied them. THE REINFORCEMENTS OF GENERAL SCOTT. [from the Washington Union, Oct 20 j Much ourioeity having been expressed about the force of General Soott's army, end several sptculations having appeared in the newspapnrs upon this tubject. w? have applied fer information to tbu office of the Adjutant Ueneral, who has been polite enough to furnish us with the following sobedule Let us add to this list of reinforcements the troops which General Scott carried with him from Puebla?estimated at from la000 to 14.'i00 men. It cannot be precisely calculated, for no rtgular returns of numbers have been received from the camp for more than five months. The rumors received this day state his whole loss, in the late memorable aatlons near and in Mexieo, at 1,800 men, including killed, > n VUUU' VI, IIUU UIIOOIU^. * Ul'HD M UllBSlUg who did not appvar in their respective companies immediately after the aotion*. But many of these are supposed to have returned to their respective commands in a few days after. Making every allowance, therefor*, for the missing, the whole force of Gen. Soott's column may in a tew weeks be estimated at near 30,000 men. The Ileinforctmenti of the army under Major Geieral Scott, since July 14, including troops now en route, and volunteers being enrolled. Jlggregate. Troops detached from army under Major General Taylor's command, exclusive of Col. Ilays't Texas mounted volunteers, of which the strength is not known 2,!>.' >7 Troopi reported by Col. Wilson to have arrived at Vera Cruz, subsequently to the departure thence of Brig Gen. Pierce's brigade, (July 14.) and incluKlve of September 9, the date of Col. Wilson's last report . 3,838 Troops whloh.it is calculated, have arrived rt Vera Cruz since Col. Wilson's last report, (Sept. 9,) or now en route for that point, viz:? REGULARS Reoruits for 14th infantry, from New Orleans, August 2S 40 Recruit* for 11th infantry (46) and voltigeurs (67) from Fort Mcllenry, Sept. 11 113 Company K, 1st dragoons, from Jefferson Barracks, Sept. 11 91 Recruits for 3d artillery, {lib.) 9th Infantry, (81,) Sco., from New York, Sept. 16 322 Capt. Jones's company 13th infantry, from Athena, Ga., Sept. 16 80 Tart of Jones's company of voltigeurs, from Georgia 45 Reoruits for 13th infantry, from Georgia and Alabama 60 Recruits for 8th Infantry, from Baton Kouge.. 19 Companies L and M, 1st. and L and M, 3d artillery, (92 each.) New Vork. Oot 12 368 Cnmpauies L and M, 2d artillery, from New York, Oot. 16 190 Company M, 4th artillery, from Kort Monroe.. 92 Hamilton's and Jones's companies I Jth infantry, and Clark's, 13th infaatry, from Kort Moultrie 2A5 Voltigeur reoruits from Kort* Mcllenrv and Monroe 60 R'wruits for 7th infantry, from Newport Barracks, Oct. II 200 Capt. Turner's company 1st dragoons, from Kort LMfunvnpth fll Reorult* for 9th infantry, from New York. . . 100-'2,116 Vouuntsehi. Part of Captain Conolly'* oompany of Louisiana mounted toIii , from .New Orleans, August 3/ 40 His companies Georgia mounted vol* , from Columbus, Ga , Sept. 8 and 9 M7 Capt Tllghman's ftompany mounted Tola., artillery, from Fo^ McHeory, Sept. 11.. . . "9 Two companies of Florida volunteers, from f'ensacola, (about) Sept 30 167 Col lrvin's regiment Ohio volunteers, from < inoinnati, Sept. 93 B44 Two companies Illinois vol* , horse, from New Orleans. (about) Sept 33 160 Four companies Georgia vols , foot, and 45 Goorgia vols , horse, from Columbus, Sept 36. 417 New Jersey battalion vol. foot, from New York, Sept 38 3J7 Capt. Schaoffer's company Maryland vol. foot, from Fort McHeory SO 2 OSI Volunteers in progressa of enrolment, JSi'. ilrmglh. Indiana?One regiment of foot BOO Kentucky?Two regiment* of foot 1 floo Tennessee?Three regiments of foot 3,400 Georgia?Oee company of foot 80 North Carolina?One company of foot HO Virginia?One company of foot Pennsylvania?One oompany of foot *0 Michigan?One regiment of foot 800- 6,920 Aggregate reinforcements slnoe July 14. including troop* now en route, and volunteers being tnus tared into eervioe, but exclusive of ( ol Hays'* Tesa*mounted companies 17,461 A battalion of five companies of riflemen from Mississippi, oalled out in July, ha* net yet been organised It 1* supposed that it will be raised, and Its strength may b* estimated at 400 17.861 Col Hays' rangers are estimated at from 400 to 600 but say 4i>0. which will bring up this sum total to 18 361. A battalion called fur from Alabama, in April, ha* not been raised Out Governor Martin I* making great efforts, and ha* addressed an elequent appeal to the citizen* of Alabama; and we are reluctant to belleTe that the word fall" shall be written in the chronicles of the War OfBc*, opposite to thvi name of this patriotic Stat* w v O W YORK. MONDAY MOI INTERVIEW BETWEEN PAREDEN AND SANTA ANNA. [Translated from N O La Pittria. Oot. 16 ] General i'aredea arrived In th? n?pital and remained th re incognito without at all mixing himself up in any manner with public affairs. When Hants Anna retimd ! towards Guadalupe. Paredes wished to see him. bat without bring Moogniznd by him, so he disguised himself in a dress quite different from the on* he usually wears, and thus accomplished bis design By and by ha for a moment raw Santa \nna. and then going towards bis oomparion said."What will be think now.' Will bo say he has won or lost?'* His friend answered him. (Ironically) no. Santa Anna never Iosk; those who lone bat ties unuer did ui tne general* ana chiefs who curry ms ' rders, because he Is nothing mora than a dimple spectator -a mere memorandum book. (mamolreto.") After thl? singular visit, Paredes retired to the bouse where he had beeu concealed; there he was seen by some of his friends, and one of them asked him, ''Well General, and what are really your intentions f" ro whioh I'm re-leu answered, uMy intentions are always the same, hut my desires cannot be realised 1 spoke earnestly with several influential m<n in Europe In order that they might intervene in the questions pending between the United States and Mexico, and that from this intervention a monarchy might be raised up in onr country ; but those gentlemen. though they fully coinoided in my idea*. informed me. that in or-ler that the nations of t'.urope ooulit take the step I asked, it was necessary that the .Mexicans shoul-1 formally ask it of thnm : and from what i now see pnisiug before me. there Is no mode.of announcing my plan even; therefore I shall quietly retire with my family to itr I A* bull* Jigh ivg ftQWk a diitnnci." And so he did, lu fact, retire on the following day to the village of San Juan Tetlhuacan.'whlobjls situated a few leagues lroin Mexico, with sulHcleutly pacid-s intentions apparently, vilhout any possibility of oarrylng into effect his extremely ri-.liouloua pretensions. All this I learn from private letters from the capital, by the mail which led there on the JHth. MOKK <>K 'X'HK IIKROUS OP TIIK WAR [Krom the New Orleans National, Oct. id I Among the list of killed will be found the name of { Capt. M. K Merrill, of the Mil Infantry. His proud | spirit has taken itH flight ?no more to be roused by the din and glory of battle. He died as he would have chosen to -lie?from a death wound received ou the battle fteld of Churubusco It was the writer's good fortune to know the deceased well, and to love and esteem him. He loved him for bis manv virtues: he loved him for his bravery, for be ni brave to a fault; he loved him for bis sobriety, tor be was sober to abstinence, he loved him tot his sincerity, for ho ?u as sincere as an infant; he loved him for his truth, for he was truthful to a pro verb, for not even in jest would he say aught that was not fully, literally, strictly true Capt. Merrill graduated at the Military Acitdamy about the * * * Since which time he has been in his country's service, and no man devoted himself with more sincerity to the advancement of that servioe than be. He was with the aimy at Corpus Christi, ana from that time until the presunt, he has ben actively engaged, without having been once out of the oountry. He was in the battles of l'alo Alto, Hesacu dt? la 1'alma. Mont-rey, and proudly fell at Chapultepec. In every instance he bore himself us became his high name; and was always spoken of with praise and admiration by his brother oflloers and men. To be sure he has nevir been advanced by his government, In this war, but bis bother officers always placed him ou merit's highest pinnacle, and I have often heard his bright name mentioned as one whose deserts havri never beeu rewarded A Scottish mother, seeking the body of her dead son on the battle field of Waterloo, did not ask to have it pointed out, but asked where the battle raged hottest.for there she knew he was. An answer to the same question would identify the soot where brave I Merril. 'fell. He has left a wife anil a large family of small children. God blfss them, for they are thus ihrown upon a cold world, without a protector or supporter. | R'rom the Baltimore Bun. Oot. 23.] The name of our gallant fellow oitlzen, Captain John B. Magruder, of the 1st artillery, has appeared conspicuous in nearly all the accounts from the seat of war. from the flrst battle at Palo Alto down to the storming ?r <i.u ?r >h. ...ii.i 11- !-i?i ' ??i ? V> .i?i e?o> V> u>|?w. no JUIUCU t rrruemi IB) JUT at the tint formation of the Army of Occupation, and at the battle of Palo Alto, mingling Id the thickest of the light, we read oi him taking cbarge of (ten. La Vega, and delivering him to General Taj lor. After the capture of Mgtauioras, an increase of the army having been ordered, he gave up his company to another oUioer, and returned to Baltimore, where he soon raised a company of one hundred of our brave citizens, with whom he nailed for Tauiploo. On landing at Tamploo, he lmme> dlately inarched to the relief of the live hundred shlpwreckfd soldiers under <-ol L)e Kussey, and from thence prooeeded to Vera Cruz, and took an active part iu the bombardment of that city, charging the batteries of the enemy until but live of hid men were left by hie tide His gallantry on this occasion received the honorable mention, aud enly other reward In the power of the Commander inChief, the ohanglug of his command ot intantry-arilllery to artillery proper, with a full aud efficient battery. The tlrit gun ttr?d by Captain Magru der's battery was on the hills of Llhurubusoo, engaged with guns twice the oalibre of his own, and holding the euemy in ch ok, while General Persifer Smith turned hi* tl-uik Ic was here that the gallant Johnson, a lieutenant in his cotnpeny, tell, and we read that the lose of life as well as horse*, was greater at this than at any other battery engagement during the war. At the taking of the " Halls oi the "Ontexuuias," Captain .Magruder's battery again makes sad havoo among the lancers charging on our pickot guard, aud be himself Is twloe wounded. Bam more, iudeed, should be proud ol this gallaut soldier, as well as ot our brave lellow citizens wno lought under hiin. [From the Syracuse Star, Oct. 23.] The name of Lhli millant nfK?i*r I'.ni Snr.ff an. peers in tlie lint of tHe killed at the battle near the city of Mexico Lieut. 8 wan formerly a resident of Rochester. in thia St >te, where he waa esteemed an a man and soldier The Democrat says : ? He married In 1838, a most amiable and estimable lady of this city, a daughter of the late (indiner MoCraokin, to whom his death will be an Irreparable loss. This sad news will carry iirlef and atiliction to the hearts of a large circle of relatives and friends, who cherished the most affectionate regard tor him who has been so suddenly cut down by the rutblena hand of war in a distant land. [Krom the Hartford Times, Oct. 23.] Col. Truman B. Hansom, of the New Ungland regiment, is reported amoni the killed. He was a brave man and accomplished ofllcer, and has rendered highly importaut services during his short campaign in Meiico. His family are in Mlddletown, In this State, at the present time. Col. Seymour is now in the lith regiment Infantry, which is the third of the t?n regiments ; those re*luieuta being olasaed in order, oommenoing at nine. We do not find any report of killad and wounded in the Nth regiment. (iENEUAT. I'KRSIFOR P. SMITH [From the New Orleans Delta, Oct. 10.] The many friends of this gallant and accomplished illcer will be glad to learn that he Is alive and in the best of health The rotund proportions of the general have been somewhat reduoed by the fatigues of the campaign in whioh he has borne himself so nobly, but still lie look* the stalwart, gallant soldier. We understand that a Utter was received yesterday from him, dated the city of Mexico, and written a few days after the great battle. (General Smith, in a playful way, alludes to the hard fare that he has to put up with in the " City of the Aeteos.'' He savs that for breakfast he hoa nothing at all to eat but chickens, steaks of beef and mutton, biseuit or rolls made of the finest flour, and as to drink, it is impossible for him to get any thing bat fresh milk, or itBKiKuv ifik, vvum vi guuui'iitvo. ni uiuarr mue llin " sufferings it Intolerable." Itoaat turkeys, huge joint* of savory rout beef and mutton, fish from the adjoining lakes, wild towl af every description, every kind of vegetables that onn be had In the vicinity. every variety of the tropical fruits of the country, tognther with eome Tokay or Champagne wine We'd like to step Into the general'* hotel about dinnertime, and haw a littj* chat with him After revelling in the " halls ot the Montezumas'' for three days, he took up his quarters in the pnltce of General Lombardlni, an officer who, if we mistake not, was mortally wounded at tho battle of Buena Vista, and killed In several other engagements The above faots we gl-an from a near reUtive of General Smith; and his friends In New Orleans, and their name is l?gion, will be gltd to hear that, after nil his toil*. he has at last a cessation Irom labor and a prrlod of enjoyment. All honor and success to Parsifor K. .Smith, the noble son and gallant officer from Louisiana. When he returns, he will flad a thousand hands ready to welcome him back. THE MILITARY SrillITOK THE UNITED STATES. IKrorn the Klemingsburg (Ky ) Klag, Oct. fi J As stated in the l-'lag on Wednesday last, the Kleming volunteers, under the command of Capt. Cox. took up the line of march from iliia place to Louisville on Thursday morning of last week, all in fine health and splriU, aintd the warmest expressions of public feeling | which we have ever seen manifested on any similar oooasion At an early hour on Thursday morning, the town was I crowded to overflowing, bv all ranks, aan.l nf people from the surrounding country, all eager to witness the ceremonies of the day, ?nd to bid a heait-warm adieu to the brave citizen-soldiers who were about to take tbelr departure from their loved native land, to join their fellow-soldleri in arroi upon th? hostile plain* ot Mexico; and such a scene an that morning presented ban rarely, if ever, bfeu witne?ge I in any country ? Father* and mother*, ninter* and brothers,age and youth, blending their tear* together, and pouring forth the m"St fervent fueling* ?f the heart in prayer* to Heaven for the speedy and safe return of the brave ^fmng men who were now about to sever the tie* of n tu.-? to vindicate their country's honor, presented a upend ih which could cot fail to move even the most oallouh heart to sympathy Here might be seen the doming mother wiping from her aged eyes the tear* of maternal soliaitude?there the beautiful Mister wringing her fair hands in agony at the dread thought of a final, and. perhaps, an eternal *ep*ra tlon from a beloved brother aronnd whom her her heart'* affections bad clung with the fondest hopes' of the enjoyment of future years of happiness, while 1n other places couid be seen the beautiful maidens, whose suffused eye* and heavy sighs bat too clearly told that thetr heart's affection* were contreil upon s?me of the gay and gallant young heroes who were about to leave for a distant land. Nor was the tear of affection aud the sigh of regret confined alone to parents and children, sisters, brothers, and lovers, who were to remain behind The feeling seemed to be contagious, and to extend It* Influence over many who were neither bound by the tender ties of consanguinity nor love; while the Mg tear of regret tilled the eye of many of ihe brave soldi! rs, us they tor# away from the fond embrace of their kindred ana friends, aud hastened to fall Into rank* at the beat of the reveille. Hut, amid all the sympathy and regret at the tender parting, we saw no attempt on the part of Kg I WING, OCTOBER 25. 18 any to restrain the young heroes from promptly obeying the call of their country, under the circumstances. Roman like, mothers and sister* prepared their son* and brothers for the battle-field, while the tears of affection bedewed the hand* that placed the ohaplet on the warrior's brow; and the parting farewell was mingled with the encouraging admonition ?1" remember your country and your country'* honor." About 9 o'clock the company, after pining through the prlbclpil streets of the town, marched to the court house tqnare, escorted by about one huadred ladies clad In snowy white, and enoh wearing a beautiful and tasteful- | iy wrougnt rosette upon ths left shoulder. Arrived in front of th? oourt-houM, the volunteers were drawn up In open order. when the Indies, under proper marshals, with Mrs (I'houias) Kit ml on at their head, marched through the rank* by sections, and each lady transferred th? rosette from her own shoulder to that or a volunteer, with much grace and beauty, producing an effeot alto gether electrio upon those both In and out of ranks This imposing ceremony being over, Mr Bruce Porter, | on behalf of thu ladles, addressed the volunteers in an ; appropriate spe< ch; so which Captain Cos responded in a truly eloquent, patrlotlo.and enthusiastic manner, and ] concluded with one ot his happiest effort* In oratory. The company was then marched to the baptist church, I where a feeling prayer wus offered up by Rev A Broad dus, and a moat eloquent and patriotic address delivered by the same gentleman; after ?wbicb, the company march dout of the church for Maysvllla,?soorted by tha lai.ies to the town limits. We aooompanled the brave boys some four or fivo mil** on the pike, which was literally orowdnd with men and horses the whole distance, while hundreds of persons had oome to the way-side to take a parting view of this ! beautiful company. T1 ey wore met at the -'Half way House" by the Maysvllle "City Guards, ' where both eompanles partook of a sumptuou* dinner prepared by | the good people ot old Matwn. Krom thence, escorted by ihe Guards, they repaired to Maysvllle, remained over uight as guests of the olty, and took their departure on Friday, about 1 o'clock m., for Louisville, on board the steamer Daniel Boone. May prosperity and happi nwH4 ntf.Mtiil t.hnm. in t.h? Health of Vera Cruz. Ifn.'Afj/ Statement oj the Mortali y at Vera Cru i of American Soldier* arid Huariernuiner Department men, tn (An. month of St pi ember, 1817. Date Name. Occupation *1gc. Diteaie. Sept. I William Clement, Qr. ivl. Dep. Hb PlithU.s Louis Oehet, boldirr. 2<"> Diarrheal 2 John C. Duncan, Sergeant, 21 Fever McUieroi*. Soldier, 21 Y. Ferer Matthew Sitf'iuK, l^r M. Dep. 22 " 3 William Leuord, Soldier, 22 " N hula< iVliller, " 22 " 4 Pluackett. Qr. M. Dep. 2'> " 5 lohi Doff?! " 42 " t? F. DruKri.i, " 41 " Mvkx .vlier, Soldier, 22 Dysentery Tliomut Harm, " 31 " 7 Ttiomas Ha'ideii, " 23 F.pilepay Joseph Carlesle. " 28 Y. Ferer Lieut. Heiatcker, " 28 " 8 Joseph Dorrel, " J8 " Lerria (Jaipur, ' 40 " 9 Jolin Bal'au, " 30 Dropay Dlamand Johnes, " ,, Y.I1 ever 10 A. B Hayinoml, " 21 " C. Philips, " Dysentery N. Berlin, " Typ. Fever 11 T. Wione, K. Winker, " 18 Diarrhtea I). Williamson, (Jr. M. Dep. 4< Y Fever Lt K. I). Andoraon, Lieutenant, 47 " 12 Ja'Ties It. Lynch, Soldier, 32 13 John Smith, " 28 Durrlicoa W. Arms'.rung, " 40 II T. Bebec, Qr. M. Dep. it " K. Burn ,, " 25 Delirious H. Adams, Soldier, 21 Diarrliira II ledum. " ill V fc'?.r T. iloiiain, (jr. M. Dep. 38 " IJ Wm I autpbrll, holdier, 2't Wm. K.litr. Qr. M. Ucp IS Wm, Dickeraon, boldirr, 24 Diarrhact 16 (Jnbr.el iteuge, " .12 " T Itaaca, " 34 Dvieotery IT A. Cancel, " 36 " K VanReawich, " 26 " T. McCristel, " 26 Y. Kever C.8. neback, " 26 " John A. Jrilkiltt, " 28 " Thai. B. Kobertson, " 21 Wonnded IX John Jautria*, " ., Inllimnjit'u l'J P. L. Steplieus, " 26 Diarrhea 2U J.miea 'I'. Brawn, " 30 " 21 Wm WalUce. " 30) N . .fH1<lll John Stt'k, " 30 S Not ,tnt*d 22 J. tin Odiiiinn, " 28 Y. Fever John Huaytem, " 40 " T. VV-Uli, Ur. M. Dep. 30 Y.Ferer John Devier, boldier, 31 I 23 Caspar Fee. Cniipar Fonke, " .. " Mo-aa Bur*, " >0 Dyaentery 21 Jainea Shiue i4.i-.jM. Dep. 34 Duurban 25 Augutt Huber, holdier, 28 Dyaenteiy Win. Cloaen. Qr. M. Dep. 30 Typ. Ferer Alexander Vincent, Soldier, 30 Dyaeuttry 27 B. A. Boyd; " 2S ? 20 Thomni Black well, " 26 Debility 29 Wm. Birr, " 29 " Hath Wiuckle, " 30 Diarrhies 30 T O'Brien, " 3i Debility Wm. 8 rite wart, " 25 Fti hiait John (J uler, " Y, Ferer Tl>? Yoiiovr Pater In New Urletni. interments in the different ck.mktkriks', for the rwrnlv-/tur Aeiirt tnrf ng ot C P M, Oct Hi. John Campbell, rcuusy(vault Bernard 8heiaaiug, (Jrrmauy. J.idim Ward, Canada. Joseph u F*vie. France. fur the t ncnty-/?ur hourt tutting al 6 F M., Oct IJ. Jotiah 4 Jewell, Unknown. W ilium Scaatou, Ireland. Bridget Mlitu, Ireland. Jacob Titer, Unknown. German Colony in Texas.?We understand ih.it h difficulty has arisen between the German colonists and the government respiting the number of emigrants that are entitled to lands under the oolonial contract. '1 he colonists assert that all emigrants who have arrived In the country, including thoae who hare died before they settl* d on the oolonial grant, are entitled to Itindt*. It is urged on the oontrary that those only who hare settled within the limits of the oolony, are entitled to receive land*. This is a question of great importance to the) colonists, as it is estimated that upwards of a thousand emigrants have been sent from K.urope to Tuxas, who have not settled in the colony. The expenses of transporting them to Texas have been defrayed by the oompauy, and large sums have been expended to support them after their arrival,with the ultimate object of settling them upon the oolonial tract. Many of them hare died, and others have refused to remove to the colony and hare settled In other portions ot the State A few hare emigrated to other States of the l/ulon The main object of our legislators in passing the law relative to this colonial grant, was to encourage emigration,with a view to strengthen the frontier settlements against the savages. Those settlements are now suQlcienlly strengthened by the military posts whioh the general government has established, and, so far as the intereste of the (State are afTeoted, it is a matter of little importance whether those emigrants are looated within the colony or In other sections of the Stale. It seems both reasonable and just, that the colonists should be entitled to receive lands tor those who have died on voyage to Texas, or while on the journey to the oolony: lor it they had died after reaching the colonial tract, the State would have derived no advantage from this circumsUnoe. it it evident, however, that if the oolonists are enue permitted to set up a claim for emigrants who never reached the oolony, a door will be opened for fraud, as it will be exceedingly dlfflcult to furnish satisfactory eridence respecting the number of emigrants who died on the iournev.?Houtloti itmhiI 7VI??m?iA Srpt. 30. Dutch Sbttlimbnt of Pku-a.?This is th>-mime of the town located by the colony of Holland emigrants, who passed through the southern section of the State to their new home in Marlon county. The colony comprise* between eight hundred and a thousand person*, and a large accession to their number it) expected In the spring. They are protestants, and left their native country on account of political and religious intolerance. On their departure from the Netherlands all political connection with their mother country wax dissolved, and on the 17th instant, moot of the men having declared their intention to bt-oome citi/.nns of the Uulted States, took the oath of allegiance. Of the two hundred, but two made their mark. This speaks well for their Intelligence Mr. Hchault, Presldent of the association, in a gentleman of enterprise and I learning lie was h student of the University of Ley den at the time of the Belgian insurrection, and toek a conspiouous part In vindicating the rights of his country.? In his zeal lu advooating the cause of political and religious liberty, he suffered inuoh persecution and even imprisonment at Utrecht. In the broad prairies of the West, he and his followers have sought that liberty of conscience Whieh was denied them in their own homes. The purchase occupies two entire townships, situated in ths northeast oorner of Marlon connty, and extending over that body of land lying between the Des Moines and Skunk rivers ?Burlington (Iowa) Hawk- Eyt. Mlecelletieou*. A curious aneodote in related of the Russian envoy, General Medem, during his visit to the King of the French, at oinplegne. The general, on his appearanoe at court, was, or affected to be, as deaf as a post. Mean tlme.lt was seen that he entered in*o a very close and fixed observation of everything he saw, but as to conversation with the royal host and his family, be never could or would hear any observation addressed to him, and only answered by dry monosyllables. One day, at a public audience, the king said to him?" If everybody was to see us hero as closely as you do, people would soon change thflr opinions on many point* >? All who were present perceived that the king was Ashing for a compll nirni ir?iu in* iiowi?u gueni ]S? HusMan envoy, however. looked like * statue and Hoigrd not to hear or understand a word of r.hat was said to him. Shortly a'tarwarda some one whispered to the general lomu rema' k upon some indifferent subject, whan, perhaps being oil hit guard hn Immediately replied, quite In a natural way, to the friend who addreaaed him Thin ha* given rite to the remark that the Russian general Is only deaf a* It units him Straw*, It Is nald, show which way the wind blows Thla draw of an aoeodota seems to show that the Kusslan government la not disposed to enter Into a very cloaa cordiality with the Orleans dynasty Two only Of the 24 marshals of the Kmpire. created by Napoleon, are now living, via: Marchtl Moult and Marshal Marmont. The 34 who are dead were a* follow* Bernadotte, King of Sweden; Murat. King of Naples; Berthler, Maasena, Ney, Lannee, VlortUr, Lefebore, (l<>at In the packet ship Albion.) K>-llerrnan, Jourdsn, DanvouU, Au<ereau Monoey, Ondinot, Maodonald,,Victor, Suchet. Uauvlon, Ht. Cyr, (irouohy, Srrrurler, Brune, BtHlltH. Biiihop llnghea and Bishop Tlmnn, the newly roaseerated l.lahop of Buffalo passe,1 through lloebactef on their my Watt, on Ute 9?d ins? IER A 47. Affairs or th? Whole Worlrt In n South Aim- , rlcan Point of View. [From the Bogota K.I Dia, Aug 4 J "What part are we desti ed to represent in the world ' Thl? is a question which naturally presents itself to every reflecting Oranadlnian who is acquainted with the importance of our geographical position and the natural richDeaa of our soil, and who calculates on the advantages which a well ordered population may derive i from these sources, if their government Is rush as to al- I low them to do so. and administers the affairs of the ] oountrv liberally, wisely and with economy Situatsd i 111 lu* uomi wi AUirriua ja?h?tbwun ut kri ruuij ? ?wm iu mineral and agricultural pre ducts, and watered by na- I v I gable rivers, matters of the Isthmus of Panama, which 1 miut In time be the converging point of the mercantile I Interest of both hemispheres, If we act wlsaly and with l judgment. If we live in neace, and thus allow our Ubaral i c ivil law* to bare tbelr full beneficial Influence, It I* easy I to forrsea that we shall not remain many year* without I acquiring that political and oommerolal importance i which wo ought to hold In the world Old Europe, after a battle of centuries against tba tyrannies which they hare sufT>-re<ifrom obsolete ideas, the i intsrrsts of arlstoorarles, and the civil and political sophisms. In tba end is breaking up. little by llttla. aad I Its governments are grailualiysanctloning laws more ] oonformable to universal principle*; and under the Influence of the** laws, she Is unfolding her resource*, and allowing the other nations to share In the benefit* thua obtained, and transplanting civilization and Industry to other regions. Kngland has taken the lead in this mercantile propaganda. The aristocracy, compelled by tba Interests of the manufacturing power, has boon obliged to acqulaaoe in the principles of the league, and allow of important innovations in the mercantile system. The owners of J the soil, who. maintaining those tyrannical restrictions which existed in regard to the Importation of cereals, enriched themselves at the expense of the population, by their monopoly of food, have yielded the Held to the principles of Cobden, and, oontentlng themselves with more moderate and rational profits, have thrown open the English markets for tba productions of the whole world. He then goes on to speak of the free trade movements commencing In France, and the enthusiasm with which Cobden was reoeived there, and laments that the monop' olixlng interest* of a few colonists In liuadaloupn and I un.l (t, ? ?? A I x> an (I a few other places, should stop tbe progrt-n of reform Nevertheless, continues our writer, the rivalry of Great Britain,'the force of her near neighbor. B?l1 MOk the arrangements of the /ollverein, and the irre, nintiblM force of the pre**, must all hurry forward the French government on the road of political reform, and we may soon hope to see these principle* entirely triumphant there. * * He then glanoes at Ruaala. Austria, Spain and the Mediterranean power*; and though they are not doing muoh yet, atill tbe germ is sown, the fruit will follow; I and he trusts that tbey will all progress from tne impulse which baa thus been given by England. Thus a rapid revolution is being c fleeted In the old world Its population is marching with gigantic strides on the road of its regeneration, and the abuse*, prejudices, monopolies and trammels are all disappearing before the foroe of a generation of men who advocate liberal political and civil laws. Nevertheless, there still exist law* adverse to the advancement of commerce. A differential tariff which Is as prejudicial as it is absurd, ia.itill regarded as a principle in mercantile legislation. Suoh a tariff canuot be sustained by aay sound reasoning. It aerves merely to prevent a nation from having a free aooesa to ita porta of the producta of other nations It preventa exports,because it prevent* Import*; consequently it prevents production,selling and profit. The difference In money is another obstacle with whioh Europe has yet to battle, but it is to be hoped that this will soon cea*e. The Kreneh system is programing rapidly, and the coin of this country is current in Belgium, Switzerland, the South of Germany, Italy and Spain. It ia to be hoped that very shortly all the prohibitions, badly working system of protection and absurd restrictions, will all disappear from Europe, and thus it will become an advantageous market for the produota of ihe new world. Let us now turn our eyea towarda the land of Columbus, where a new generation is earnestly endeavoring to root out the prejudices It inherited from Its forefathers I Here we are presented with an Infinitely varied sp?ota| cle, one which offers a vast field for reflection to the obi serving mind. Half a oentury ago these rich and extenI Hive territories exalted no nth?rinf?ritaf. than Hmf nf nht. I Uatbropy, which lamented the situation in which they 1 were placed. Now our polltloal Importance is bringing I about a change in the world, and the names of those na| tions who were one* m?re Kuropean oolonles have much weight in the counoils of the principal nations of the world It is In the New World that the beginnings of a liberal civil and political administration have tlr?t reosiTed the inipr*Hd of experience. The enjoymmt nf entire liberty and the abunce of all trammel!, Jirit aroie in I the land tf IVaihington, among that admirable people who now rival in population,power and commerce the I greateit magnate! uj the earth. The United Statei are an example of what a people may arrive at, who at one Hep accipt and ad: pi all th' beet print iptel, who pro gren in them wth derieion and immediately adopt ah the improvement! which they tee perfected in other nationu They have shown the worthiessness of the vulgar sophism which advises slowness and indoieuoe to be cherished, disguising them unJer the name of prudenor They { have proved that when there exists a persuaaion that a ' oertaln thing is good, and when that persuasion 1s found! ed on calcu'atlon and experience, that nothing more is > wanting to adopt it, and that there Is no reaxon for comI mittlog the crime of depriving humanity of the good I wbioh suoh a course is calculated to bring about. Unfortunat*ly the tuife of the r?nnum which the poliI tical adminiitration of the United Statei had encircled ! that profile with, hai been lomewhat obicurrd by iti conI duct towardi Mexico, which ii not void of blame, although for my part I hold tint it will reiult in immeaturoble advantage to the Mexican?. The ancient kingdom of Ouatimexin, governed by laws tho most absurd, plundered by a military horde | who were oreated by their political commotions, trodden i down by an ail powerful clergy, obliged by force to be manufacturers, and to abandon the working of the | mines and the cultivation of the fields, overrun by I blind* of rubbers, and alternately osolllating between i despotism and anarchy, and a prev to all tne various ; Interests, passions and vices which suoh a oondl; tion of things brought about, it could not have i any position in the world. It only presented an I example which served as a pretext to calumniate It( publican institutions, which never existed there. It only served to be the laughing stock of the rest of | the world, and to give them cause to Insult ns and look i on ub >n uaruarians, uy ooniounaing me intelligent j and liberal people of America with the rabble of Santa | Anna, and the imbeciles who have ?ufT< rt-l hi* foillns and excesaes. I feel much sadness In drawing thin picture, i and what makes It still more iad in, the knowledge that that country had within Itself more of the natural alt| ment* ot' proeperity than any other.oountry in the world ' The North Americans have known all thla.and desirous to extend their mercantile importance aDd to include with i themselves the comraeroe of a country bordering on th ir own, which, uselesa to the world and its own Inhabitants, 1 hare than undertaken to change th* polittaal. Industrial, and commercial aspect I will not now examine into th* justice of this proceeding. I only wish to see the results. Though 1 may. perhaps.be the onlyone in America who thinks so, I ?? really believe that the M'Xicann i wilt he immemely the gainert hy the occupation | of their country hy the United Statei. If thi$ should be carried intQ effect, Jrom that time forward, Yankee activity will go on opening the rich veins in their mines and throw the prodwts into commerce; it will eitahlith in their porti the liberal mercantile tariff of the United States: the press will diffuse its rayt on all sides; railroads will penetrate the country in alt directions, transporting the products nf agriculture and the mines, and the unfolding of all this wealth, which had keen locked up by previous blind legislation, will be felt by its benefits and the forwarding of the prosperity of the. whole world. This. then. In the reason that I do not lament what la now happening In Mexico, Inasmuch as It will he of such Importance In this century. Her nationality will perhaps fade away transitorily But In what has thii nationality ever nerved Mexico? thin contemptuous, thin laughing stock of a nationality, whl<*h ha* only furnished means to the corrupt and ambitious spirits who hate ruled over that Ian4 to degrade their fellow citizens' I,et us look at things { in their reality, and do notllet us he Invelgbled by tweet I words. Her nationality did not bring proeperlty or even well being 10 Me?l?o. but It went far to oonsumj mate her ruin | there Is nothing, therefore, to I lament now In the Iom of such a nationality ? If .Mexico Is occupied by the l.'nited States. Mexico will i I re-appear hereafter among the family of the powerful. . > rich and happy Independent nations, after having passed ; through this political metempsychosis, which, in my i ; opinion, la necessary to consummate her regeneration | And if Mexico la not occuDied. if she preserves her na- I tlonality, ll. will a) way* prove a grunt' blessing to ber j that the aotive Yankees have * t foot on h>>r turrltory. and commenced the tank of di**lpating the lazy somnolence in which the stupid and indolent Mexican live* The State* bordering on Central America will follow the impulse which the country of tbe Aztec* baa received, and noon the enterprising spirit of the AngloSaxon race will reach to the isthmus which unitea the two America* Here I pause to turn my eye* toward* the other extreme of the continent of Columbu* On the border* of the river I.a (lata a spectacle oi another kind attract* our attention A warrior of the Pampas, balf civilised and half aavag*. elevated to power by tbe barbarous pas?l'<ns which created the civil war, sustained fcy the flrnin?s? and the interests of a party, has oome into contact with the two most powerful nation* <<f Kurope, and hu olosed against them the entrance to the rivers which water tbe splendid country of the Argentine nation Roea* there I* looked on by every one a* a perfect model, worthy of Imitation, but in my opinion, the eiilofriuin* which are pronounced upon hint, are about m fitting bk thoae beetowed on Tecumaeh for hi* endeavors to ensavage the United .States R?*a* Is as brave aathe I bravest , but let us look at the state in which he holds the Argentine confederation, and tbe motives of his I conduct, and then let us decide if his savage valor aud 1 firmness deserve the eulogiums bestowed on him, and If j he has done any good In nla country. Bneno* Ayres, the oentre of tbe civilisation, commerce, and riches of South America, In the tlm? of ; Rlvadaiva, and situated on the bank* of tbe Plata, ha* 1 Montevideo in its frout at Its rival, whose prosperity has aiway* caused It to feel Jealou* Hence tbe point d'tPpui, which Rosas has taken advanta?e of in his oppressive pretention* on the republic of I ruguay , and thi* Is the seoret of the favor which they have lent him in Huenaa Ayrea In *a*taining hi* de*lgns on the Internal navigation. National punclillln, which i* always mora excitable the nearer a nation approaches to LD. Pita Tw? c?ta. i M*at(e ?U??, hu been extraordinarily excited in ttiene iiuoUnnt with the (European nowerf. which. united with the Intereet* of the interior, ta railed up cifil anlmoeltiee. and Inexplicably complicated the position of thoee countriee Koaa*, in the midst of the internal ami toreign difflculttr*. ralM on high the talisman of national honor, to distract the at tention of the people, confirm hi* power over the ?rml"? which he hi* to assist him, and go on ruling in t>arbarinm. without any fear of European oiriliiatioo l>enetratiof( to llluniu the uili.ds of the Argentine* u to their true interests. Mont*video in the meantime, U hum Kl*<l and It* linwirtM?fl? T A? thousand Illustrious citizen*. proscribed by the ntin Uaucho (Kmm), wander In foreign uountrUs. The livt(< fsderallits about " Mutran Jet talvajt uattaritt" Rosea, to prove thst he is u uti?i u Umjt, idopts this motto a* the heading of all bis official paper* Prescriptions are syatsmatlled ; executions multiply, ?nd civilization flees affrighted from the beautiful radon* which Providence surely Intended for otber end*. 1'his, ye eulogisers of Kom. is the government of tba Kio d? le Plata. I, for my part, cannot join yon ; for though bravery U a good quality when it la employed for good purposes among men. It U the very wo ret whan it in used for evil. If the tjualitlss of Senor KosaJ are of much avail to the Argentlnea, they will be written among them in letter* of Mood, and noma other writing* which have denounoed him to the world a* he I*. But, let u* pa*? over the spectacle of a savage warfare between civilization and barbarism, to consider the situation of the nation* which are met with this aid* ot the Pampas towards the Interior of the oontineat. Bolivia, slnoe she oast out Hanta Crux, has endeavored to build up and establish her political administration, but ttlll funding her new law* on the errors of the old ?nes, and submitting to the Spanlsb habits. She doea not advanoe much thus, because the materials do not serve to raise the edifice. On the other hand, her rivalry with Peru keeps her continually occupied wit", affairs which prevent her ooosulting the means of prosperity It appears to me that these two nations do not know tbelr own interests, from tbe manner in which they behave in this latter manner; and that if they do not vary their conduct, they will live in oontinual warfare. Bolivia and Peru are situated preolsely like Now Grenada and Venexuela, as respects their frontiers. To make the different productions of both countries doty free, and arrange some plan for the transit of merchandise and torelpn good*, is the boat tbey can do The treaty between Venezuela and New Granada on this b<Md, 1 think would nerve an an admirable model for them Bolivia, like our own government In former times, baa committed the error of issuing money below the legal and Intrinsic value, and oonsrquenMy Is suffering tn? oon'tiiuenoe* which we suffered, and which I have else? I,...... I- Tk. .t.lr,.. - forced currency to a depredated coin ia the mbi m prohibiting the entry of good coin, which will not be Imported Into Ruoh a country where an arbitrary prloe ia fixed on debased coin If Bolivia does not qulokly make a reform in thin matter ibe will ere long exparlenoa the name consequencea that we did Peru, dictraoted by an overwhelming civil war, baa hardly commenced to remedy the defect* of her inatltntioun. both polltio and adminiatrative, and fearful of lighting up anew the animo*itiea of wbioh ambitions men would take advantage to Inundate her ia blood, ah* baa been acaroe able to introduce a few improvement*, ao absorbed baa been the utiotiMuu 11' her government bv the nooeaalty of injuring internal tranquillity, conciliating the minda of many, aud attending to the dafence of her frontier*. which are threatened by tha jealoualea of Bolivia. However, they apeak of oonverting the large fortrea* of Callao into a free depot tos ooav merce, and if thia ia done, that oountry will nave taken one great atep in the advancement of Ita Interests. By the aide of Tern and Bolivia, we find Chili proeperoua and happy, and occupying tha foramoat rank among the nationa of that portion of the continent Aided br ita excellent geographical situation, by tha orderly policy of ita government, and by lta excellent mercantile law*. It daily increaoxa in power and richei, and give* a freah impulae to agriculture, to ita mlnea and commerce. Our neighbor*, Venezuela and the Eouader, offer dtf rerent appearance* ror our consideration ; ippwH? whloh singularly contrast with one another. Blnoe Van zuela separated from Colombia, being d"*lrous of advancing. she bas adopted the (koet liberal principles, In their most extended sense. Freedom of religion; the doing away with tithes; the free cultivation of tobaoooj free trade; the adoption of tbe French 'Monetary system, have marked the system of her government as on the road to civilization; and It Is to these improvement* that the great prosperity to which she ha* arrived Is due. Unfortunately an heterogenous population on the one side, certain arlstoora* le Interests on the other, and tbe remains of the demoralisation which was Introduced by tbe war of Independence from the disastrous manner in which it was there parried 40, have all combined to create feeling* of whinb ambitious spirit* availed themselves in lH3ft and 1846 to disturb tbe pubUo order. The principles of order, hnwever, triumphed In a very short time, and the oountry is again punning tt* oareer of progress I believe that Its rulers will have sufloient prurience to mana** with that Indexible Impartiality which is so necessary after any civil commotions, and t.hat they will turn a deaf ear to tbe crie* of tbe party whlnh they have orusbod. The having spared tbe lift of Guiman Is a proof of moderation wbloh wo applaud, beoause experience ha* taught us tbat blood I* not Um remedy tor revolution. In tbat oountry, especially wberu braverv is a oommon quality, aad In whlah tbe elements of disturbances are oootinnally Itching to be brought forth, what -ver Irritate* men'* Minds Is dangerous. Tbe men wbo are In powor know their ooaatrr, and they know how mnch prudenoa ought to preaiae over thalr arrangement*. On our Southern frontier we have as a neighbor the F.onador. Thin republic, whloh hu for bid; years b??n undor government which may be tirrntd a foreign one, similar to that of the Normans ovsr the English, ought naturally to suffer the oonseqasnoe* of bar unfortunate political position during no many year* Her population, but littla enlightened, and ignorant of what ara good or bad initttutioni, in not In a lit state to do any groat thing Har government. occupied lu preserving tbo public pt-aca, and not having sufficient enlightened bob to asilst it, can do but vary little. Unfortunately aha la not even persuaded of the tantioanta of oordiallty wblch aha ought to faal toward* New Uranada, and delain the arrangement of our International relation*, wbioh it would be ?o advantageous for her to have settled. I do not know what to think of her future ooiirse Here in our own country the political and civil aspect of affair* has entirely changed Parties are reeoneiied, many wron? and hurtful prejudice* have been destroyed, and the desire of bettering our oondltlon has been esoited,and at one bound we have adopted the most liberal feelings. and under tbeir genial Influeao*, the oountry commences to regenerate and raise Itself from its former prostrated condition To the sonnd of arms and the oiles cf j.irtlnuH. hare succeeded the enterprises of agriculture, mines, steam navigation, and everything which aan better our lot. I bow coma to the otyect which Induced me to pass la review the political and civil condition of the principal natlonr Almost all the world is progressing onwards. On all aides interests are creating which promote the keeping up of international relations. In the midst of these Interests, which move and change, and which la their movements and change* create other new one*, New itranada is In a position which neceeearily makes har the point of contact for all of them. Mistress of the Isthmus of Panama, she thus attracts the attention of the commercial nations Two lines of English steamers have been eetablished on our coast*, which, touching In our ports on the Atlantic and Tactile tide, have their point of meeting at either side of the Isthmus of Panama. Krencb and North American llne*,ara Mont to MNUIh linhi-d In the ?ame imumt, and not inueh time ?U1 elapse before that precloua atrip of tba continent will commence to amuma tba lmpertanoe which It ihortly ought to hare. Our International internata with the United Statae and tha Kuropaan power*, tealounly cultivated, will contribute much to promote tha advantage* which om ba obtained from our position; becauae, by lnanrlni Internal peace, we ahall glva cooUdenca to oomm?TC? and (hall promote it* prog real. On ourm-lve* depend* tha working ont of our deitmy. If tba government of Naw Granada oontlnuea to pa*h on our material Interenta: If Inflaslbly and faithfully to tha principle* of conciliation and tolerance, by Ita impartial aonduot It maintain* all partle* <julet, there if no donbt that our poeltlon with the re*t of the world will alao create in our country other Interest* which will ! creaae our riche* and will contribute lo fire on power and glory. DAGl/FRR/AN MATKHIALH.? Vannfiietared by JOHN ROACH, Optician, SI Naeeaa (treat, Naw I York, w her- every article of (he ?e?t nudity m*r be bad at (heln'TMt prio?. Triple Compound of Bromine, a ?nnrriar rh'micd, jirodnciiiK ijnek picmra* of fine whit* [one, now n?eil bjr 'he b??t oiemon, t few of whoea nantaa nre ulMched We hare n?ed lioach'i prepytion, and raconr irenil it helievw* Itinpenor u> ?ny thing ol tha hind in om>? H I, M'sllier, Albrny; 8. J. Humphrey, Wilmington. North Carolina; P.'-. Rumiri. Troy; A. J. Baal*. New York; f. C. Donne, Montreal; Clarke ft Brother, tyracaae?For *ala by the manrtf?etnrer, HI Muaan atiaet. Naw York; G. Daitar, Albany; William Bristol, C'lra; < larae li Brother. gyraeaeat T l)o?ne, Montreal; WHI mm R. Pratt, Richmond, Vi\f *1011, CoolrykCo . Hpringfield, Connecticut, ud Brinaaaid h Brother, Bnrliiifon Vermout an'll 30t*rre V| AIKf.1 K BOIIMll, 31 Liberty sire?*,h-.re lately r*< iTJ. aeived and offer for ?ale sereral run hi Jewelry, f em the mml celebrited mannfictnrrn 10 Ueuera, comprising * general assortment, unionist which are Bracelet*, with Wat*he* and other rich Articles, Constantly o? hand, neb (ieiieva Watriies, such u Daplei, Auehor haeapemeuU, and Cylinder*, from the first manufacturer*. Alto, a eomoleM and general assortment of the common kind of Walehaa, from mxnnfactoriea or LocleX'haux de Fonda, aad Ht. I rem. 11 Mr m ^HOBK'M TATKNT PREMIUM KXTKNMION DINING TABI-KM, ?ith metal plated slides, for private narlora and dining roons, hotels, stesmhoau, fcc . uuiarpaeaed for ale g un e durability and coreeuienee. warranted oarer to (at oat of order A large assortment, the large*! in the city, aad aneijualled lor rarietT. together with a general aaaortBcat of gam and fashionable Cabinet Kurn'tore, constantly to be found at die warerooms. No. ?ll Broadway. where the public an t* pectftilly minted to call and eiarainc. ?n?i i"*'r C V HOBK. 441 Broadway. SVu'rt a >i> tob \i i o 4T ?x5U( Mi FiicEiHnir ? rntcd Maccabov "'unfl, s'ite?n cent* per Ik bottles, c? $1 JO jer dftgen; Philadelphia Ketch Hnatf in bottles $1 >0 per dot >lsi|il? s. assorted, 14 caul* per lb ; Ameiican (ien tltrusu Snufl, 20 cts par lb , Krcich ftappae, I3K cs per lb . Hupenor Mmoking Tobacco, 7 cts par lb., actual weight. Small papers Chewing, il per g' a. All warranted to be ennnl'i any mannlecftired m the eit> . II IfcNRY HIELL. 77 Front street, cor. Old Blip M)H BALK ? A Tobacco F,ngiae, in complete order. It ttfW _____ UMfcLLB! BHKLLB'.l BHKLLm!!!-Wanted all ki?. ? of J Shells, for which the highest price will be giran. at bS Chatham street, opposite Chambers street At the same place wHl also be found a large and well selected assor'ne.t ?< Hliells, wlncn wiU be disposed of at reasonable ('rices. ft. B-?The higheat pnee will be paid for all kinds ol easm Clothing and Knrrittire. Do not mistake the nom'er f.'t Chatham street a??8 Hit* re