Newspaper of The New York Herald, November 19, 1847, Page 1

m tt JL XI . Vol. IIO. No. 317_Who!? Ho. 4VK, Interesting from the War Quarter. Last manifesto ok santa an.na against thk government .Inhinft L*p'z dr Santa Jinne, Gen'ral of Divitian wril-drttrvint "J hit country, and Pr'iidcnt ad in trriMl !<J thr Itrpublic, to hit fellow-citlx-nt: ? Mcsto%nH! Since ray return to my ooantry I h*T upon rurliua oocaaioni. glren you an aocount of my Actions ah camtnandor-in-oblef of the army. sad m lint m-.itlstrate, exerting power. But separated I now am from tboae offloes, with the moot profound grief, I flui wt*?1T cnmptlied to complain to yon of the cruel ingratitude of Rome, and of the perfidy of others, who, nut content with their criminal and indifferent oonduat duriDg the lime of the tfreat nonfliot. endeavor to throw upon me alone the hiauie of thoa? public efllfl to whioh tbpy have contributed ao much. Such a proceeding do** not lurpriae me. aa it is a year alooe I began to observe in the preas of thenapital that I was the mark for the faction'' who ao unfortunately h?vo convuiaad our country Their audacity haa even orunueu ill" wiiu me ouaracifr hi traitor oeioro a society witness of my repeated efforts for its independence and liberty, and or the sacrifices which t hare made to free U from the yoke whioh menaces it. B ut that which was not possible to expect, was my violent separation frrm the th?*tre of war, in the manner in which It was effeoted by htm to whom I had entrusted the supreme power, while I was combatting against our unjust invaders. As this inconceivable conduct wounds my heart still more deeply, I nm compelled to present to th* world a historical view of my conduct during the fuurtt-en months whioh have elapsed since my return to tlie republlo. In order thit my labors may be aeon, and atuo the arts nnde uie of to weaken my efforts, and the injustice with which I hare been attsoked by those who should have aided me, and the origin of this invention of traitor, which perversity has put upon me, to lower me it-. pubMc estimation, when, In reality, I have served my eountry the best of all. I nave wished to respond faithfully to the call made upon me to save the oountry from the most barbarous and unjust Invasion whioh it oould pufl-r But. as that work requires time, Had an I oould not present It as quickly as oould have baen wished, while malevolence would not lose an instant in olinohitiU its venomous teeth in my reputation, I supplicate all impartial men, who were not immediate witnesses of my efforts, to eiispend their judzment for a time, with the o<rtaluty that events will prove what has been my true oourne, uitd what tb.it of my urijust detractors As for the atrocious injury <> perversely done me, I repel It with all the energy or my character, and with the counige of outraged Innocence 1 convoke and challenge all my accusers to present their proofs, now that I am without power and influence, au'i if they fail to do it, I denounce them as vile calumniators and enemleaof the nation. I conjure (Sent Taylor and Scott,and every individual in their armict, to d'clare upon their honort whether the Mexicrun f 'Herat, who hat comha'.ted againit them in the north, and in the eatt, tndeven in the tentre of the republic, until the \Qth of the prttent month, hat not fulfilled all his duliti to hit country. Kellow-citixens, calamity has deprived me of the incomparable satisfaction of giving you a splendid victory, but mlf fortune was never treason. They Insult you who endeavor to perstlade you that so much infamy can rest upon an old veteran of the war of independence, covered with honorable wounds acquired in defence of yonr rights, and who has grown gray in serving his eountry with lnvaltv. Ileoolleot that thev themselves are tha onni who. upon other occasion*, have abused jour sincerity and minted your reason, in order to put oa the page* ol' our history the blot which now defaces them. In them are found the assassins of PadiUa, and of Cuiiapan; for them wrre sacrificed the tiro chiefs who, in Iguala, traced the plan of our independence. They also were the authors of the attempt to d sinter the foot whiohone of your fellow-citizens lost while fighting against the foreign enemy, that tbey might publioly Insult it, on preteuoe of its baring belonged to him who, in that so ment of dizziness, was oalled ti hkt. I f my conduct daring the stated period merits repros eh, if It must be submitted to an examination, because it has not resulted felicitously, I am willing to answer any charge* which may impartially and in a legal manner be preferred against me ; but, above all, 1 believe that I merit the consideration whioh the fundamental compant oonoedes, whioh my services demand and Justice requires If. as I wish, you await events, in order to judge with certainly, you will see that those who from their clubs have diffused malignant sentiments and distrust of my authority, will, taking advantage of our mischances, hasten to treat with the enemy, and conoede blm what I denied Thnj. themselves, whose voire cried loudest for " war without truce," and colled ly the name of treatryn the armistice which ntcetsily compelled mi to enter' into in (Se cup it at, when it wus tht duty of our fivrnment to h'ur that of the United State*, have hyjiocriticnlly endeavored to persuade, that no rl'ments vf wir remiin, that the nation is fatigued, and that its iiruurv and sufferings demand peace at any price. Time. 1 repeat, will make you acquainted with the evil dieds of those factious authors of our disasters. You well know that I am not the only cnptahi whom victory has shunned. Let i'alo Alto, L\ Resaoa, Matamnr'L* VInntjtraT. New Mexico. (Jhihuihua Catifnrnl.v Vera ( run, Tibweo and Padurna, nosw-r for ine. The Mexican soldiers hare b??n unfortunate, but not traitors. There have also been some oowarda ; bnt thU could never b* s?l* of him who hu sought the enemy everywhure; who hu been foremost in danger, nod who is the only on* who daring tbia war has presented the nation with trophies wrested from the battalion* of the i-netny. The moat appropriate post in which to aerre the Invader i* the government, and I refused it many timea, preferring the bar dab) pa of the campaign to the oomforta oi the palace. The ardent solloltude with which the representatives of the people bore me from the field of Angostura to the capita), to pat an end to the civil war which conHum d it. made m<i assume power for a few days, whioh I left soon as I had restored public tranquillity,to procud to ur.counter the army of the enemy, which had tafcen the city of Vera Crut and the Castle of Ulua; hiving unexpectedly to march an army, which, although small and Inexpert, disputed with the enemy aa well as It could tbu pars of Cerro Oordo. My dntyand my purpone bare been to fight, and neither obstacles nor the superiority of the invaders has deterred me. If, after thu e , vent*. 1 again assumed power, it was only to defend the capital, which was about to surrender to the enemy, la a few days I raised strong fortifications, colfooted resources and a sufficient materiel of war ; important actions toolt place before the enemy arrived at tile capital, because tho ground was disputed with him hand t > baud, and his lossea Rave the fie to those who wished to spread the report that It waa abandoned by the iii my without a contest. The accounts of theae remarkable event* will appear in the hiatorloal review with which 1 am about to occupy tnyaelf In t.- city i f Guadalupe de liidnlgo I resigned power to i Ite l':u"i laut of the Saoreme Court of Justice, in an. oordnuce with toy decree of the 16th of September, with the object which i explained Id 1117 manifesto of the r-uue Int.! ; ..r.d in thin 1 had do other motif*, as mallg. nliy pretend* It it was an error.it only consisted iu not having foreseen that tb- .nan to whom I had ontrusted power, would employ it in rendering my *ervioes unless This event will be fully explained In my review, the responsibility boiug his,for the pr^judfoe which the tixvii'ii iuay be caused by a measure impolitlo in ?ny p .-iat of view, and, in my opinion, of fatal conse<iaeacoa And the ci'.imn who has acted m I have-should he be calif d traitor ? Can hs be a traitor who rep?ll?d the propositions of peace with the prejndlee and humiliation which thty involved ! What more opportune ocoislon to (iktort the admiration of the Invaders of Mexico L.-it those who pretend to defame me, be oovered with eterntil opprobrium and shame, for a thousand acts ran bo placed iu evid-noe against them. . Mexicans?I aui a man, and 1 have faults, hut 1 have never tinned against my country, bacauae I could never nourish in my bosom anti-national sentiments. A good natue hereafter, has been as ranch as 1 have ooveted. I h?ve doi.e everything for the grandeur and glory of .Mexico, *nd I liav* not tpared my blood in achieving that purpose. You know it, and you will do me justioe. ANTONIO LOI'tX DK SANTA ANNA. Trhuinan, Oct. .?, 1817. ADIlltK** OK liKS. 1'KNA V I'g.NA. 1 hi following is the uldress of U*n. I'ena y Tena to ho Alex'.o.?n Congress and people It Is in no w.iy deficient it the usual amount of bomhnit contained in Mexican documents : ? Thr. !' nii>-nt of Iht Suprrm> C*ur> of Jw.tict, txtrcin'tij>th' Hceca'iw Power, to tSe Xitlintt ? Mkiicacs Called to take charge of tue government or the Republic, not by the triumph of any particular jnrty or opinion, nor by rd election, which, although legal Bad honcrablr, m'gbt revive the reoolleetion of our liitee'in* dl'eords, but by an expressed oondi.lon of the fundini' ntsl law, I cm address you under the august and snupie title conferred by the constitution Theocutlogeucy fore?" *n by tb* constitution,and the imperious neo-Mlty of not lea ring the country overwhelmed in the profound abyss of anarchy, demanded of me a sacrifice beyond inr strength, and I could not ftil of oomplianoe xvlth mj duty Wltoont renuermg myneu uuwormy 01 me esteem < f my fellow-cltiaena. I'xol-hardy nnd presuming would it have been in m? t'* have ifnamicl the rclnb of government in circumstances po iifu nut and caWuiitou^lf I could,by My legal in-thod, h ive entrusted th? deatinle* of our unwtnnate country to more skilful hands. But you know Ita preaent condition and ciroiimetances and you cannot doubt that tha duvigarous duty to which I burn resigned myself. and of wm'ih It it possible I may be tne victim, wm as neo.ssary ai tiie o'Tervartce of the otth which bound ma a' President of t!i? ttu|>reme Court of Juntloe. If a real and laincntailn misfortune has Invented ma transiently with the supremo magistracy. I alao view it aa a beneficial <ii*l>KiiHatiou of I'rovidrnce that the offloe haa not dev ived up';n we through any cause or event which can foment disunion among the Mrxicans Tho duration of my administration will he very abort; and it tbn circumstances in which tha lepoblio in placed were I'M serious, I might not perhaps d Mm it opportune to add.e*<? you BntT ought now to explain to yon, al though wit 'i brevity. aa It 1* Impossible to ba indifferent In ttiii terrible crisis In whichthioountry ia now pU,-ed, whnt ant my iileaa, anil even my feeling*, and what oiurKo I intend to pursue In order to discharge wife bonor and satisfaction the enormous duty which tha constitution impoees upon me. Witfcout any other character than tbat wlchtlie constitution give* me to azerciae tba public power ami accustomed aa I am, wa magistrate for *o long u time, to contempt it* tba publlo weal only la tlie observance of justice aodt.helawa.lt would be useless tn i,??ur? you tbnr. my government, whether Ita issues he good or bad -wh"thar or not It encounter opposition whether effective or not?will only be a constitutional government, aubject In everything to the lawa of tha re public, and never transcending the bounds of the prlvlhtr? conceded to the executive. VtiUal the unmij tf th? elreueKeew, ut waM 1 L. . . I ' E NE N] rebellion, nor the importance of pending domestlo and foreign questions. shall cauM ma to aw.tvm from that llus of conduct which 1 have always considered the only one capable of isvlng the people. Always adhering to thli principle, the natipn may rest assured that the government will be possessed of Ihu firmness and poirer of the constitution, and that it will never seek that misunderstood energy which can only exercise itself in violence and usurpation of the powers of others, and ends in overturning the established order. I will respect, and lend them all the *14 which may be necessary to the discharge wf their august functions. The States which now form the Mexlean federation, and which have tbn supreme government as a centre of their common interests, will contribute their resources and their strength to make the govornment respected, and they will find in It a harmonious and perfect reciprocity. It oannot be hidden from the patriotism and penetration of their worthy authorities, that aoy transgression or infraction of the limits whloh the fundamental law has establishe d between them, oannot fail to be ntteuded by the destruction of the last hope of order and natlonatttv. I coniurx alt and I ilntiKf nnf t ah*!! Ha to, fo be one Iq their co-operation, anil to be united In their sentiment In fuvsr of the principles which should aotuate it*, and which lire the best {guaranty of the happy termination of the stormy sltuetion Id which we are at present. For the same reasons, and with equal Jus tioe. the right* and the publio Interests of all classes will respeot and protect my administration. For any one to attaok It. would only be to kindle our passions, and to render our discord more horrible. Religion, Its worship, and Its ministers, shall be the objects of especial promotion When everything has oonsplred frr our ruin?when It appears that there can be uo security for the tutelary principles in which the Mexican natlou should repose? I feel x peculiar pleasure In announcing to j ou my determination, whatever may be the compromise* or dangsrs 1 may encounter In the oourse of my administration Without revenue, because It U destroyed: without public wealth, because It does not exist; a just and proportionate co-operation may, notwithstanding, give what is necensarv for the mast indispensable expenses If, In the short time during which I shall remain at the head of the nation, I may be able to con'ribute to the arrangements of so important a branch, that shall be my only rule of action, in order that no oltl/.en shall have cause to complain of the slightest injustice. The servants of the government, whatever may be their raulc or position, shail not be disregarded; and the tribunals of the federa'ion, whose existence is so much the more neceswy, as greater evils might completely paralyse the administration of justice, shall be duly prbteoted and solicitously aided I will sustain. In harmony and good understanding, the relations which unite us with other countriis. I ought cot to speak to you, because another administration will terminate the war with the 11nited States, of that vital question whioh has caused us so many disasters, nod which flies the attention of me worii upon our onttoraiity. But my silence would be strange, although explicable; and I, who am a friend of frankness, ought not to give room for any false later plantations The multiplied misfortunes which have aocompmied thin and war, the blood of our compatriot*, which has flowed in torrents, the orphans of bo many families, and the terrible convulsions we experience, do not in the Blightest degree diminish our rights or the justice of our cause. Our ports, our mot-t important oltles, and even the oapltal of the republic itself, oocupled by the invading troops, the picture which the nation presents is dark and lamentable. Providence has submitted us to a proof whleh is decisive with all nations, and which demands Of us at the same time valor and constaioy, prudence and humanity. To let the dictates of an insensate pride prevail In this bloody struggle, and perhaps the pretexts of a political party, would be to provoke the anger of heaveu; to submit to a peace, whatever it maybe, which does not insure the real good of the country, for the present and for the future, and which does not, above all, save our honor, without which we can possess no nationality, would be degrading to our name, would prepare new wars, aod tou'te us unworthy the appreciation and respect of oivlllzed nations These extremes are equally mournful, and the gorernment whioh does not avoid them la unworthy of either glory or peace Let us seek the medium ; and, not forgetting our indisputable rights In our own territory, or what is due to those who pour out their blood in defence of their country, let ua make a unanlmoua effort to be auperlor to ourselves, and worthy of the admiration of the world. Great is ray consolation in reflecting that another will put an end to our foreign war. x uo repu jiio ib Bunenog uie inuvuaoie consequences of the disorders which tbe factious which oonvuise It have fomented, and the absolute forgelfulness of the ruled of morality and juattoe. without observing which nations are lost, leaving behind them only the memory of their miafortunea. Kor thu nation to prevent iteefr before the enemy which occupies the oapitai. divided Into t'tetiona, without a well appointed army. resolv d to saal with ita blood the independence ot its oountry, without a people and functionaries faithful to tha chief . authority, would be to proclaim ourselves unbelievers In L the benetlta of liberty and olrilization But. on the contrary. if we retrace our steps?If for this general dlrrord wa substitute harmony and order?the war will result happily, the peace will be honorable, and we will aee an era of prosperity and abundance commence. I address myself last to you. representatives of the people Assemble in the oity of Queretaro, where you are convoked, and there nominate the president who shall govern the republio. Your wisdom and your patriotism will b? written upon the picture which the nation presents If you shoul l differ afcer your meeting, and by this you should prolong the public evils, enormous will be your responsibility. Krem thi? time I absolve myself from all care, and before Ood and the nation I assure you. with the purest sincerity, that I do not consider'my sell' oapable (f governing. Compliance with a sacred duty has oalled uio temporarily to this post; and, on arriving at this city, 1 considered that my first precaution should be to conjure you to save the country. Hasten, then, this solemn meeting, and rely, as 1 rely, upon the protection of Dlviuo Providence. MANUEL DK LA PKNA Y PENA. Queretaro, Oct. 13, 1817. PROCLAMATION OF TlIK OOVKRNOR OF N*W I.EON. The following proclamation of the Governor of New Leon, is from r'l Jlrco /n't of the 37th ult : t'l ancisco ie J'aula Muralei, Governor of the Fret and Saveriign Slain a J Ntw Lton. Fellow Citiaena?Whan, in the beginning of Maroh of the present year, I discontinued the exercise of the high functions ot iiovernor of the State, It wan not certainly a criminal spirit of egotism which impelled me to so extreme a oourse; it was not to avoid difficulties, nor to employ myself peaceably In private, affairs, that oaused me tn ?doDt thai alternative. To promote the irood ot th? people, to confront the calamities ot war, and a* far ai possible to assuage their Had consequenoes, has always b*en my greatest oare; y constant desire The short p j riodol my administration In (ialeaua. oouvlnced me that n any iodispen*?ble means were wanting to fulfil my ar (loot de?ir?s In favor ot the Slate Kvery effort had been useless; in Tain tha diligence The people Hcarcely seemed to feel thu need of the fi'st authority of the State: no eomplaints.no necessities came to the newly established centre. Kverythiog, in short, showed the expedience and necessity of leaving to the municipal authorities the publio administration These, fellow oitisens, are the fundamental rimons whioh induced my temporary separation from the executive power of the State. Jt ia unnecessary to refer to other* whioh were confirmations of various previous vents. But that sad and deplorable, as well as dangerous aid necessary, situation of affairs, could not endure long The will alone.New Leonese, hss not been sufficient to restrain the tremendous effects of aoaroby. Home recent and alarming events in some towns, have Impelled the Inhabitants to seek anxiously and solicitously, in the first magistracy, the legal remedy for tbeir evils Kven if they are small, they menace, notwithstanding, the whole society of New Leon. To divert this Impetus, which t^r*atens to overwhelm us. is a dnty. for the fulfilment of which, I would be responsible to Ood and man: and it la this which Induce* mu to resume the reins or the supreme Government of the State. My friends -my new administration will be conducted with tha greatest prudence,and dignity and lionor shall preside over It. The sovereign national extraordinary Congress has deoreed and sanctioned a constitution?that of with a liat of reforms which bll our sister State* have accepted with universal applause, and which they have solemnly sworn to sustain at any cost. This list comprise* the best and most exteuslvely recoglnz--d prin OipiM Ol IIMnj unu proeperuy, i?uu in* not jum turn Nuevo Leon, whatever may be her condition*, remain any longer without being governed conformably to their prncep's. To carry out that memorable deoree; to oomply with iU moat solemn tow*; to reorganise the 8tat* according to Its principle*, and to eauie New I.eon, making use of its sovereignty, to havo, ae before, at the head of It* administration, ita constitutional administrator*?these shall be my taik. Above n'l, I will not disregard the preservation of order; 1 shall re-animtte the different branches of the administration, and shall omit no effort to diffuse tranquility and security. I shall endeavor to carry but these principles, and if, when I aim 1 deliver the power Into the hand* of yeur representatives,the Htate ahall present,in place of the sorrowful oo?nt*n.uce,she now wears an aspect of more'life. mora liberty and sovereignty, my conscience will be tran I all. nod the fervent wishes of your friend and fellow eitiMB, complied with KRANCIdCO de r. MOllALKM. Linares. September.8, 1*47. MB\H AN V1KW* OK TJIIC WAR. ft row the N. w Orleans r.cayune ] We have, in previous numbers of our paper, referred to the ultra demoot at to spirit of La Razon the organ of the puros or federalists, in the city of Mexloo. The following article from / * Razon of October iJ, may ba considered an exposition of thesentioienU of that party (the federalists) upon the war question? This question (peace or war.) of life or death to the Mexican republic, whloh Involves the social existence of the present generation,and the tale of those y?t unborn, is agitated and debated by the pens ot dlfT-rent oiilsens of the two contending nationa, is observed with uneasiness by the Kuropean continent, and Is generally denaturalized and merged In the diverge paMinus excited by so serious nn affair We might well wish to eicuse ourselves from taking part in so delloate an affair?to whloh sclnnoe should contribute Its treasures, and patriotism Iti purest virtue?especially as it does not p?rtaln exclusively to any of our most prominent factions But what subject concerning our internal r.rgenizstion can l>" touched upon which docs not presuppose aa opinion based upon that /juestsoa which absorbs the nniversal attention .' ta the midst of the uneasiness and anguish of torment, who can preserve the calmness necessary t? the oomplleattd u4 ttsnqull coaslderatlsa of W YO EW YORK, FRIDAY MO] domestic economy .' . I* It not the result of stoicism, or perhaps, even of criminal indifferent*, to withdraw attention from the common danger, an 1 fix it upon local Interests, when even the extent of the enemy'it intentions ii unknown, and lie preserves a mysterious taclturi'y while taking advantage of the favors extended to him by the hand of prosperous fortune? What Is the fouo- ' datlon of such flattering hopes, when we are Ignorant of the aid which oan be extended to us. or the resirtanoe which can b? offered to any political organization.' To avoid th-'se accusations, which candor or malU-e might make againft ui, to cause to he discontinued the accustomed and sad motto of Mexico, dictated by I dolenre Ncquired through our vicious education?" It is nor. yet time, wi are no. prepared for such excellent things" -has been the principal stimulus which has d'tennined us to grapple with the greatest difficulty, which. In our transient Journey through this world, may, perhaps, be presented to us It Is possible that all our miders may not b<> men et education; for them we more especially write, asking the more learned to grant us their indulgenoe. Tlfie latter knew very well that war between nations In not exactly i uh express ion 01 inn anger a. on vi'v&> iiuo* 01 iwu uim'ui, prosecuted without mercy, even to fxtcrmination Soma politioul opinion, some alarm, well or llI-fouud.?which the operations of one cabinet originsta in anothar; the dealre of territorial extension, or of cherishing acme branch of industry; and lastly, the diairo upon tho part of one peopte of achieving aotne o*Jaat, in th-i ex> cution of which another may oonslder ltaelf offended., la the origin of war When diplomatic feience waa unknown in the world, nation** had no other method of salvation tlwn a resort to physical foroa Should they then succumb, tli?-y were irremediably subject to the conqueror. Thua did the empire of Aaayrla fall before the army of Cyrua; thus did Persia dii-appear before the power of Alexin Jer: ao w;is extinguished th? empire of thla conqueror, tho kiuxloma created byhia c iptaina.and the rrpubli.' of (Jarthage in the i-?D<ju??ts of the Roman republic; and thus was dismembered at l?at the great empire uf the Clews' by the Irruptions of the b&ibarlans of the Kast and of tbn North In the Hame manner waa formed and dissolved the empire of Charlemague; and in this confusion the feudal ages passed, without any other title to the acquisition of power than thit of bruttt force The different nations that came forth from tbis chaos had limits more definitely marked, a safer policy and government, and reasons of State commerce to interfere In the disputes of nations. Their mercantile interests, and all their relutloui with one another, were computed, so that even the moat distant took an interest ii tho contests which were excited la proportion with the progression or arn, 01 ine sciences, 01 commerce aru or industry, arms la connection with diplomacy, which is the science regulative of th? common Interest, decided the fate of nations. From the time of Charles V. emperor of Germany, we have a series of diplomatic treating; of peace, of truce, of coinmeroe and alliance. which hare lnflueucod the ereatioo or extinction of dynasties, the diminution or augmentation of territory, or the greater or UM( influence of nations. The history cf the last three centuries during which diplomatic negotiations commenced to take that ohnraoter which wo now notice, presents in with a catalogue of events corroborative of this truth The I'rince of Orango would have lost all his dominions, it the treaty of Vervins, concluded in l.'i98, had not restored to him all the provinces which the power of arms had wrested from him; and from that time to the present, from the treaty of Nlmeguen, la 1679. to the Congress of Vienna.in 1814 aud Ibi s, all the civilized nations of Kurope have been comprehended and listened to Those of tbe first order, such as Kngland, Austria, Prussia, lluhsia, Uo , have acceded to the propositions of France, on account of having become unable to proseoute war, from the immense losnes they had suffered Tbe treaty of Luneville, in 1803, deprived tbe Germanic confederation of all its territories situated on the left bank of the Kbine, and produced in the interior of Germany great territorial novelties, and substantial variations in the constitution of tbe empire, such as were the secularly itions. l tie treaty or I resourg, ratltiea In Daoembor, IHJft, transferred ihe kingdom ef Naples to the domination Of France. Prussia cedeil to Franco the Duohy of Anspaoh, oi Neufohatel and Valentin, part of the Duchy of t'leves. and of the Klectorate of Hanover The King of Uavaria oeded thu Duchy of Berg, and received in indemnification that of Anspach By the treaty of Tilsit, concluded on the 7th cf June, 1H07, Prussia, after having lost in twentvelght days, its army and its monarchy,reoovered,notwithstanding, its possessions on the other tide of the Klhe, which were Silesia. Brandenburg, Pomeranla, and the part ot Poland lying on beth sides of the Vistula, and totally lost Its provinces between the Kibe and the Kbiue, renounced all its rights over other State.', and recognised Naples, Holland, and the confederation of the Rhine In the year 1809, Austria, by the treaty of Vienna, lost more than three million and a half of inhabitants Snjonla inoreased its territory by the Duchy of Warsaw. Russia acquired Oallicia, and there remained at the disposition of France, Salsburg, the distric's ot the Inn, I ulf of Carluthia. nod the whole of Camtola, all of which were distributed among its allies. France itself. In ISM and '16, saw Itselt compelled to receive the peace cf the allies, losing all its conquests and glories, and admitting ? dynasty which it deiert*d, and whose blood bad (lowed, mingitd with that of thousands ot victims ; and this peace it aocepted after having seen its capital occupied by the allied armies. The congress of Vienna, composed of the diplomatist* of Austria. Spain, Kngland. Portugal Prussia, Switzerland, Russia, and France itself, made this definitive arrangement. And new in order to apply these historical examples with precision, let us sue what is the present condition of Mexico. It is that of the most profound stupor after the most Kiournful undeceivinga. Homogeneous armies, organized according to all the rules of tact ics, and in the midst of their homes, went to combat against undleclplined masses, oolleoted by fnroe. heterogenous in origin, language and Interest, and iua foreign country ; so that whatever might have been the personal courage of the soldiers, or tne ability of the general of the luvud*rs,the means of action were so unequal that the probabilities ought to have been the same way. Si* combat* took pise", and what was the result oi all? What does the oountrv find In its " men of war." who had cost it so many burden* and Bo many sacrifices ' We cannot answer without finding ourselves overwhelmed with opprobrium and shame Wl.nt a picture does the country now present ? That of a victim, who. In bis desperation, tears out hi* own entrails. Those men who retrocede, those who arn voluntarily Mind, ark with shoui* the suicidal measure of the introduction of moniirchy The men of violent passion*, and of limited intelligence, clamor for an insurrectionary war; those interested in the old system of anarchy, who see their interest In lti continuance, and who bare their plans traced for the prosecution of their system ot usurpation, and depredation, Invoke peace at whatever cost; tbey are insensible to any feeling of honor, and neither the good name of the country nor its future interest entering into their plan, they would cut our Onrdlan knot ?' a single stroke, hut the reflecting men, tho'e who have material Interests to preserv.-, and families to support, who have noble simtiine-.ta which identify them with the country in which they were born, and which they have aftsrwarils adopted as their own, arc horriti-d at the appearance of the obscure future of which they obtain a glimpse, if the war should have no other result than the inisfortuoe* Inherent to thi* cslamity of society?In the loss of some provinces, the humiliation of being conquered, and, as a conclusion, the restoration of the same vices and the same disorders ? These men are tho chosen of the country; they sigh fir an honorable way of extricating themselves ircm this conflict of uncertainty and violence; and at the s.^me time th?y ardently deiire a political, theory which shall insure peace and prosperity for the future We believe that diplomatic science, profiting by events, can provide for the two exigencies, which, without doub% constitute the true state of the question Of th* four methods recognised to terminate war between nations, the first, whi"h Is an adjustment, has proved unavailing, unci perhapn powerful obstacles would prevent itc conrU'Hination .The second mediation should be rejected us impossible, because there is not 11 nnn t ha niintin<int omiiinr 1 Vi A otViiar rui.nKI iou nn u ! which in sufficiently powerful, audha* nntmnh inllu?ni:e with th? two belligerent"; and to invoke Kurope, would be the greateat raahn***. The third?which i:t arbitra tion? in aubjeet to th? nmn objection aa the previous ohm. There remalu*. then, the fourth, which consists In aoonferenc* of th? moat eminent persona of both ditions at it certain designated piece A* the formation of protocol demand* serious end prolonged discussion* and con*u'.l:i'.ir>ii*, which consume much time, a preliminary truce could b? concluded, which would give re*t to thli poor nation, and wonld permit It to organize Itself In such a manner that it should exiat in prosperity, and live In peace with It* ueighbor In this manner, we believe we can connect the subject upon which wn h'lTe touched, with the programme of interior organigation which we are going to preaent. . MKXKA.N AFKAIKS. Extract of a letter received in Washington from an intelligent AavrUna in Mexioo, dated October II " I hud onimlon to accompany ? foraging party, consisting of 40 wagona, with an nacort of (llty dragoon*, to the valley of Toluoa. On the road we met -200 recruit* under an eaoortoflanoer*, who asked the noumandaut of the sacort if he coulil pa*a by Tacubaya with his recruit* The sntne eveoin? another party *t 100 hud come the aameroad. but they had the precaution to pas* in the rear of Tacubaya, and entered thn city by Ou?<lalupe, as did the party wn ma Near l.orma we met Ih'goveruor of t he Htate of Mexico, who tald tbat he had no official information of an armistice ; but a* we brought a white flag, and he knew by the public paper* that an armiatice hid been made, he ftIt bound to respect our tUg. and furDlthed u? with 400 fantga*, or 200 cargo** of corn ' ' I had ft Iodic coDvuraatlon with Qlagulbei. the^ov tuoi- of the State Of MuUm, lunug which I mentloucd lha ruinforcemeiiU which had gone forward IIu replied. that it wm an act of tba Mexican goTumment, tor which he wm not responalMe, and thau added, you ought to know Santa Anna? he in doceiTing you llo wanla to mnke a peace, in order that ha inty r>-ai+ln it the head of power, bat I can aaaure vou there will ba no peao? uni.il hi* , power and that of the army in destroyed." ? < ? Kxtract of a letter trout a wnaltby and influential Spanish gentleman. In the oily of Meiioo, dated October J7, 1817. (Translation ) " I suppose you are in posseaaion ol the <lelaiui ol all ; the recant occurrence* which hate taken pinna in this untoiiauato country 'I uego?ernmentof.\i?*ico Unow at (^unretaro, and we are now trailiug the result of the I ?I?cLion of fr?aid?nt ad intrrim A pea?!" or a continuation of the war will result from Ih a election. * ' * If Tedra/a or Cumplido is elected, w? hate peace; but If I Almonte be aueeeaafut.war will beeontinuad " Hi* or seven daja alnee, Mr. Trial addreased a note to the n*nretary tf Foreign Affaira at t^ueretaro, Mr. !<o?a, Informing him that be was itill authorised to enter upon new negotlatlona. Unfortunately, thla com. munioatlon d\d net peas through m?| if It bad, I oould Ban aged the natter differtntlr H?wmr, M H?a j RK K RNING, NOVEMBER 19, a* I knew of It, I wrote to Queretaro, an l have urged the matter. You may rest a*Bured. that I hare, and will > continue to do, every thir? in my power to bring about | a peace, at whatever sacrifice.'' Kxtract of a li-tter from an intelligent Kronch gentle- 1 ram, for many yearn a resident of tne Mexican republio, I dated, V't-ra ( rux. October 30, 1847. ' While (ioneral Siiott proaeouted the war with moderation and pilioy, It la certain he had the sympathies of the people of the villages and town* where he passed; but th? principal personages of those retired to other place*, distant from the acme of war, where they formed 'junta*,' iu which they continued the war cry, persuaded that iu thin way they could neutralise the sympathies thu? excressed in favor of the American army; because they published false and exaggerated bulletin*, in whloh pp-mred cxcoiin and horror*, which they wished the American army should commit. ' But the stroke which has just been made by a dtvialon of the Americana, composed of 1,600 men, on Atlixo, (a town 10 leagues from I'uebla.) where the legislature of the State had met. .ind where those who advocated the war had assembled, has caused the greatest imnrt?Fsinn Thn l%?* seized the principal families, who now Know that war ran no longer b? preached without causing the i;n>?t?it danger; they see that the Invading army la every day inBtWflnjSi 'ifld they consider themselves unsale everywhere. " Tho magentas of Mexico?thop.e who cubsisted upon the govern mont. at the capital?can no long*r live sepa> sited from t ho theatre of their fortunea But, for a few day*. Qtierutaro iri wise enough, for appearances, to cover tho shame of natloml dishonor; but It has neither the elements nor amusements of Mexloo, so indi*pennible to u Mexican, and for which they would xacrlBce everything; and thlH la the olios of men who hive most influence, and will la tbe end control the wishes of the doubting * * * * * " My opinion is, from my own observation in the Interior, that the United States can at this time obtain whatever they may wish, because all?although not publicly manifested?are in favor of peace. But one who knows the Mexican char?ct*r, will not be surprised that they vociferate war, ntiwithstanding they think differentia " Tne same letter states that " there are rseveral parties in Mexico, composed ot the wealthy and influential; ? the peace party wishes our proteotiou (orsome time; the annexation party desire to merge tbeir nationality in that of the United States; and another favors a military oecuputlon of the ooutitry until they are prepared to take care of their own interests." NKWJ FItOM Till? URASOS. The scbconers H L. ScranJon and Klorinda arrived yt-stsrday from Drazot Santiago, both having palled on the .r>th Inst We have received a copy of the Matamoraa Hal of the :?d inst. The f'lug has a rumor that the train with which <?en. Taylor was coming down to Matamoras had been attacked by the Mexicans The Fl.ig put no faith in the story Another rumor Is given of the death of (.'anales, at a rancho near Cerralvo ; it is but a rumor. The Flag gives the returns of the voting at the pre?ui,? nnnmil. mil-,,,, ? ,.. sided U T. Wood had 13!) out 9f 134 votes for governor of Texas; Young received all the votes (l.vj) for lieutenant governor, and Gen. Lamar 147 out of 161 votes for representative. The Flag says most of the votera were IMpu. Major Van Alien passed through Matameras on the :i 1 st ult . bearing despatches. The* people of the town conjectured that orders had been issued tor an advance upon San Lui.i. The following In from the Flag 'l'h- steamer Mo.iroe, (.'apt McGowan, bound from the mouth of the Rio Grande to Lavaca Bay, Texas, in attempting to gut out to sea, a few days since, struck on the oar at the mouth of the river, and was afterwards driven ashore, becoming a complete wreck. The Monroe has tcpu running for the past year on the Rio Grande, and was recently purchased hern with a view to run her on the Trinity river in Texas. The captain was chief owner, and suffers a serious loss by the wreck of his boat.?Mfw Ortcani .Picayune, lOi/i injf. FROM (4KN. WOOL'S II KAIMJt' AR.TERH. [From the New Orleans Picayune, Nov. 10 ] Hkadijuahtkiii, Buena Vista, Got. 10, 1847. A portion of (.'apt. Taylor's command returned yesterday, having in charge seven or eight prisoners oaptured at the hacienda of Verba Bueua, near La Ventura, wht re the Mexican trader wan robbed. His goods were found in possession of the two alcaldes of the place. During the ulght after the capture of the prisoners, an attempt was made by them to escape, and foor of them were shot down and killed in the attempt. Capt Taylor also seized about it hundred head of oattie, horses and mules. One of their prisoners, the proprietor or lessee of Yeiba Uuena.is said to have been mosl aotlve in furthering the plans of the guerillas, giving them assistance and disposing of their plunder or receiV' ing it from them ( apt. Taylor has cone toward the hacienda Potosi In pursuit or the guerillas, and confidently excepted to come up with them. Th#pe?pl? of Monolova have assumed a very hostile attl'.ude.and stem determined to get themselves Into hot water; aud If they are not very careful they will get bad ly scalded Mr. Addicks demanded of the " Gele Poll tico'' of the place, by order of General Wool, the restoration of the horses, mules and equipments takeu from the Texan deserters; but the Gete refused to obey, anl made various excusvs for not doing so It appeared, however, that they had reoelved orders from Governor A*uirro not to deliver them up. lhe secretary of the (jeftv named I'aloon, a brother rr near relative of the Mexican of the name name who murdered Colonel CroM, KcmH to have exprrtwed his views molt plainly to Mr Addicks and the determination of th? local government to obey the order* of their own State * Government, and pay no attention to the order* of lien. Wool. f)on Victor Blanco, a man of prominence and influence in Monclova, la engaged in manufacturing ammunition f.)r the guerillas at nil hacienda of Los Avuntea, on the road to the hacienda llerme.no*, thirty-two mile* north of Monclova, ulao in the possession of hi* family. There i? flat J to be a party of guerilla* in the neighborhood of I'realdio, commanded by Manual Leal, who are ordered by Aguirre to capture all American or Mexican traveller* going to or coming from San Antonio, and convey their persans and property to him at La I'aatorla The news of the eapture of the city of Mexioo, which wa* received by the regular mail which arrive* every Friday from San Lout* via I'atoa and La I'aatora, ha* increased raiher than allayed the hostility of the Monoloviani Camp Burn* Villi, dot. 10, 1S17. rapt. Taylor returned yesterdty morning from bi* expedition, but captured no guerilla*; he, however, destroyed u hUod of reventy arui* at San Antonio, aupposed to have beeu collected for the use of guerilla*. Th? Indium are ooramittlu^ grtat ravage* In b mango, snd In tbo neighborhood of Parra* they are also com milting outTk^oa. Sev-n p?nn-<, brlou^fng to Don Manuel Ibarro, were recently Killed while they were at work ia a corn field I preauin* >otii" tioop* wl'J b? sent up there to proteot I bo inhabitants, in the course of a few d*ya. Nothing has been heard of Got. Agulrre or hla guerillas since my laHt, and I presume the fail of Mexico will paralyz* their ex?rtlonn for the present. The Mexican' who were tri?d lor* the murder of Ruynoa and Pattenton. have not yet bean either releaaed frnmc.onfiininriit or hung; the aentenae ban not yet transpired Another Mexican a supposed accomplice, named Cabaiaua, the aloulda of the little rancho near which the murders were committed, haa alao been triad, aud it is alao believed acquitted ilia father ia a very estimable man, and haa conducted himaelf in aTery straight-forward and oorrect manner ever aince the troops have been in thia <|uart?r, and I am glad hia family have been spared the disgrace of having a aon hung, which would certainly hare been hla fate if convloted (Jen WoolaDd staff will move down to Monterey from hereon Monday, the ^.>rh of thia month. A ft M V INTKT.LIfJENCE. The officer! of the U. H Uattaiion pssaengsrs on board the ahip Empire at the time of the disaster. have written a letter to Captain lluaaell, In which they entirely exoaerat* him troin all want of attention, and attribute the aad event to eircumatances which would have baffled tlii moat consummate skill. We give a copy of It, in justice to Captain It., aa ho ia certainly the greateat sufferer ; for one of the Wont calamities that can befall a noble aaiior, la th? lor a of hla ahip Nam*!', N P., Not. 4, 1817. Captain Van Neasnnd Mm offloera of the U. 8. Army, on board your ahip on a voyage from New York to Vera Crux, cannot part from you, (although under different circumstances from what we anticipated) wlthoit expressing to'you our entire aaf.lafaetlon, aa well as delight, at the aplendid accommodation* of your ahip, and the perfect manner In whloh all tbo department* on board were executed, and alao to expreaa our undiminiahed confidence In your seamanship and that of your officers, notwithstanding the misfortune which oconred to us, and which we In came satisfied,from our own observation, ooufd not have been avoided by the most consummate akiil and experlnnce. The activity and energy displayed by you during the landing of the troopa on the Key. and your kind and very efficient attention to us while there, and ii ut 11 our arrival at thia port, merits and receives our warmt'si ktsui uu?. Mignfil In behalf of lb*) ofilceri of tlx Battalion of U. S. Artillery. U. VAN NICE*, ('apt. lot Artillery, Commanding Detachment, D. H. IIILI., I ft I.ieut. Art'y, A. C. S W. M. KOlifcltH, Aw't Surgeon, U. H. A. To < umv lit'iiKix, lato of the ship Kmplre. YVo learn from a gentleman now in Washington, who*? Itirnnmti may he implicitly relied on, that orders have b -n issued, or will be speedily Issued, directing (?en. Molt to consolidate the remnants of the regiment* which hive been much diminished during the war. and to send home the other officers to rtoruit their now mand* It bt probable, therefore, that the greater part of th? surviving oiHrera of the lalmetto Regiment will h >on be in the midst of us In oonee<iuenee of the dei i iefon of the cabinet, that the law authorising the President to call out tlfty thousand troops ban b"on sx| hausted - ihat number having been, at varbut times, in service?''ocgresa, as noon as ttm>et*.wlll bt called upon t<> authorise the inertit'e of the atmy to tbat extent should the law be pawed, there Is little doubt of a rt"|Oisitlin beirg made upon our HUte for another r?cim?nt Charlnlvn Mt.rrury, 1 AfA init. The military spirit Is so rife in Mlohlgan tbat too m.ttiy places or rendezvous are appointed to raise companies of soldiers for servlc* in Mmleo. The CotnmanI d*r in-<:hief of tbi State bus, th*-rrf<>re, ilt-sirou* to prevent much useless expense concluded to appoint the following named perrons ss captains, and ordered the same to be commissioned, to rank from Oof. .10 th, I*<47, to wit ?Frederick W. Mirtcnius. of Kalaratroo; (Mover N.llnel.of ?t rialr; Alfred II Harseon, of Oakland; John Whlttenmytr, of Herrlea; Walter W. Dean, of Moar?e; Lswli tftovt, t-albor?i MtkolM Utiwl, J [ERA 1847. of Wayna; Daniel Hick*. of L"naw?*; Jarnee 11. William*, of Wayne; l*aan 8. Rowland, of Wayne. Jt li to be esprfody understood tbi?t if the abo*e commissioned captains fall in reporting a full company actually enlisted according to General Order*. No -JO, within ! twenty day! from the date of thie order, that thair com' mirnunn- will be considered as void and of no effect. Captain Lewi* Scout, ol Calhoun county, baring declined to accept the com mint ton, the Commander-inchief will fill the vacancy by appointing a captain from Mid county, where a oompany is now bMng rained and reported nearly full. The ateamboat Chancellor brought down yaaterday from LouUvilleAIsj Gen Rutlar. and the following gentleman composing hi* stall : ?Mai Smith, Capt. Butler, l)r Hunt, Mr. Cbarlea A. Wicliliffe. jui , and Mr Wm Verewether It i? understood that the general leaves for Vera Crui to-morrow, on the steamship New Orleans The steamship Alabama, Capt. WlndU, wu to have left last ui&ht for Vera Crus, with the following passengers and troops, but waa unavoidably detained till tbla U' nr..lluu A rl i lit nvif 1.1 kViitiinli. 11.^1. ment; II. I*. Kr ?b?u. Adjutant 4tb Kentucky Regiment; John Krasler, Ordnance i)apartment; T. Butter. Medical Department; W, D Porter, Lieut U S N ; E. WebKter, Major Massachusetts Regiment; ( apt Brown, U. S A ; VV S Mutter; ('apt. Cbambsriin USA; Lieut. Sneed. do; Lis lit. Bade, do; Lieut. McLery, da; Lieut. Wakeley. do; Lieut Wyrnne, do; Capt Htadden. and family, do; John O. Bradf >rd, Purser, U. S N ; Lieut C. II. Higner, Topographical Engineer; Maj. Holmes, U H A ; Lieut Reeves, do; W. D. Cobb; W. lUlley, Clerk ^uartermuter's Department; Capt. A. li Lansing, quartermaster U. S A ; Lieut. EUlgan, U. 8 A ; Mr. Klsher. Quartermaster's Department; C G Cim. Chaplain, .'< t Kentucky Regiment; L. B. Beebe, Sutler s Clerk; R. li Cheatham. U.S A; Maj Morrow, do; Dr. J 8. MoCrery.de; Limit. Owens, 4th Kentuoky Volunteer*; Adjt Trabiu. do; Adjt. Bradley, 3d do. Two companies of Indiana volunteers also went en the Alabama The Galveston leaves for Vera Cruz on Wednesday at 5 o'clock I*. M , and the New Orleans on Thursday afternoon at 6 o'clock, with Maj. Gen. tlutler and staff Tho steamboat Louisville, Cnpt. Savage, arrived yesterday from Louisville, brought down Col Thompson, Captains Todd, Prltchaid, Kwlng and Metcalf, with four addlti nal companies of tne 3d Regiment of Kentucky Inl'tntry, 400 men, and placed them on board the ship Palestine, bound for Vera Crux. The steamboat Pbn-nix, Capt Dryden, from Cincinnati, slso arrived yesterday, brought down Lieut Col. May. with three companies of the ath Regiment Indiana Volunteers, viz Company A, ('apt Hull; company B, (.'apt. Green, and company C, Capt. Gibba?in ail 2S5 men. The steamboat Ware, Capt. Morgan, from Madison, la , also came down yesterday with Alajor Myers, Capt*. Kvans, Manscu and Cary, In command of 300 men ot the Mb Indiana regiment. On Sunday morning the steamboat "Ne Plus Ultra.-' ('apt. Philips, from Cincinnati, arrived with Col. J. H. Lane and staff, and Capts. Bracken, oompany D, Mac kenxie, company K. and McDougal, company h, or, the 6th . Regiment Indiana iVoluuteers ? ,V. 0. Paperi, 1 (>/ A in >/. A letter ha* been received in this city, from Serjeant Alonxo A. Reed, of the Massachusetts Volunteers, dated Vera Crux, Oot. 18th, from which we learu that private* \1o(>lenen and Jordan, of company A, are sick in the Hospital at Vera Crux. Lieut. Thou. J. Myers, of company I, had asked and received his discharge from the regiment, and has "annexed" himself to a beautiful Senoretta, near Monterey. The fair Mexican brings her lord, the cool sum of $30 000 Lieut. Myers retains his love tor the types, amd is about establishing a newspaper at Monterey. Sergeant Reed, (at present employed in the Commissary's offloe.) represents his own health as good; likewise the other printers in the regiment, not mentioned above ? Botton Bee. It is said that in answer to the recent call of the governor of Mississippi, for a battaliou of infantry, ii number of the''Marshall < in iris,''of the old 1st regiment, who twice met the enemy in Mexico, have associated together for the purpose of ralsidg a company for the war. Succers atteuu the brave Mississippians. The Trenton Stale Uazttte says: " Brig. (Jen. Cook haa appointed Ashbel Green, Jr., ?f Princeton, his aid, with the rank of Major." NAVAI. lNTfflrxniKNCK. LKrom the Norfolk Herald, Nov. 17 | U. 8. Suir OtKMANTOW*, | Vera Crux, Oct. 31, 1847 i The northers have commenced their ravages at thii fdace, and have blown for a week past with terrlflo vio ence. The steamer Chase is ashore below the oity, and no rionbt will be lost, together with the tliree-ms*te<J ; schooner Arlfpe. which came in the same day with horses for the army, all safely landed. Another ?ohooner. name unknown, from Campeachy, totally lost. Ship Ohio, from N?w York, with troops, came Dear going aahore; abe sent all her apars down from aloft. The deatructlon of aurf-lnata aDcl other small fry was very gr-at. Came In to-day, ship Orphan, with trnopi. and two barka with horaea ind troopa, and ft faw offloera for the aquadron The Mississippi la at Anton I.Uardo The Water Witch and Vixen are alongside, or near ua The Kllrt la wind bouod under Ur?*en .Island, with marines for the Saratoga at Tuipan During the norther the steamer New Orleana got out of coal, and to prevent her from going aahore they bad to burn all their cbalra, aetteea, Iwo., to keep up itaara, wbioh no doubt aaved her from deatruotlon. Lieut. Speuoer C. (?lat. U. 8. Navy, died at this place on the 'J-lth inat. It i* now quite healthy and cool. Law Intelligence. Common Futit Not. 18 ? Bator* Judge UUboeffer Simeon P. Smith t>$. Frtd'k. l'tntx, Prenid'nt of the Meetf?on?'c?' Hanking -iuoclation ?Thia waa an aotlon to i ecover from the bank the amount ef two cbeeks, on* for $2t50, and the other for t lli. It appeared that plaintiff kept an aoeount with the bank In H4.i and 184B, that he had in hla employ in 1846, a man namad Denjamin Okear, aa a book-keeper; the two cheok* in question wara signed In blank, and got into tho handa ot Okear wbo had In Deoembar. 1845, left the employ of the plaintiff On the 'JOth of Deoembar, the oheek for waa preaanted at the bank and paid. The plaintiff aoon afterwarda dlacovered the fraud, and allege* that he informed the officer* of the bank that the check for $4*i0 waa ulasing. and cautioned them against paying it or any othar check* of his, unleaathay were numbered; notwithstanding which, the latter check waa paid on the afith of January. I84d. The action ia sought to ba sustained on two ground*' flrat, that both check* are forgeries, and that the bank paid them In their own wrong; nod, secondly, that the last check wa* paid after defendant ware cautioned againat paying It. There were Yarious grounda of defence set tip. the principal of which waa that the notice alleged by plaintiff waa not given. TLa judge, after nuking iiome preliminary remarka to the jury, aaid that defendant bad produced the bank b ok containing tbair regulationa, and the (juration for the jury to determine waa, do those regulationa apply to the praamt ca*i<' I do not, *aid hia Honor, think they do. If, for initance, you goto a bink to lodge $.M)0, and if. in entering it, an error ia made, and you go away wltnout aeelng It corrected, the bank will not be afterward* bound Your duty would be to have the error corrected at th? tlma. There la nothing In thee* regulation* that prevents a /mm exaiiUtm* (tin u m mint rtf a nhan kr if ?h<. Ka?W pays it contrary ,0 hla order. This check was paid by tlio bank and charged to the plaintiff'! account, and the question for you to determine is, whether they had a r>gbt to pay ft nod then charge it to the plaintiff ? Thin, however, depends upon whether tliey were notified or not. You have before you the plaintiff's clerk, who t?*tlfii d that bo went to t lie bank to give \hem notice not to pay any furth?rcbcrks,and that he ? * .Mr Stephens, the teller, and gave hlni the notice) and in onUr to provide against future contingencies of another check which was outstanding, he told him tiiatln future the checks wouM be nun bored, and to pay non< that wore net The defendants produced Mr. Stephen*, and he laid be had no recollection of any such notice having been given, and that until belli checks ui re paid lie bad no knowledge of any notine. Th" plaintiff's oounael objects to this testimony, and says the witness is Interested- -that he has given hie bond to the bank, and Is accountable to th? banking tutsoclatlon; but th* law ha# settled that although lie is n teller, and has given his Imnd, he Is notwithstanding ? competent witness, and entitled to lis sworn before you and give evidence In tills cause, and besides, his bond ii not forfeited for a mare error or mistake?If one of you gentlemen, were surety for him as teller of f lie Mtehanle's Bank, you would not be liable for his error or'mis take, you woald only be surety lor his honesty, and not for bM errors <>r mistakes In regard to his Interest In iu\lntaintng his conduct as a clerk or officer in the bank, perhaps the asme remark would apply to the plaintiff r. witness, who Is also his clerk, and he Is as much lnterrsted in rliowlng that he obeyed the directions 1 liis superior ss the teller Is Ills. Y ou have heard tlio testimony or' both witnesses, and you are to judge from their Manner of giving It, which or them has told the truth or Is entitled to most credit; but, Id my opinion, it Is not neeessary to cast discredit ob either of the witnesses Vou rosy plane the discrepancies between them, W error or a bad rnemorv The plaintiff's attorney was sworn, and he tells you he went to the bank with the plaintiff and saw Mr Stephens, who, he way?. admltt d notice, but said that It was not given in writing, and that even if It were, he would not take notice of It, a.s he had paid secret checks before under similar circumstances , but In regard to a written notice, where a psrtv keeps an account, with a bank, I -.--w.i ?#? ?.. a la am irrtml u written nntlra II m mutter of law, tf the l>?nk warn put on their guard not to pay the check, they ware bound to taka notice, and not to p*y It; and If they did pay, then the plaintiff, under the common count*, would bar* aright to recover. ! urthermore, you are to determine whether the plaintiff's own neglect, In regard to this transaction, induced defendant to pay thin check. It Is a rule of law, that a party must bear the lot* whera it ha* resulted from an oralselon of his owa duty. Gut in the proof before j ou *ufflol?nt to show that payment of those checks was caused by plaintiff* nagsigenco. Id leaving them out standing tn the hands of his clerk after he returned to ! town ' If you are satisfied of that, th* defendant would | be entitled to your rerdiot. But you haTe heard the as* plaoatlons of plaintiff I counsel on that point, and If you I are satisfied with them, you Might to And for the plaln tiff Verdict for plaintiff for fill AO. For plaintiff, Mr Mather , for defendant, Mr Mount. Before Judge Ingrah?jn ?Hot,trt SttaJ. ft al. ri S'ovK T Pike ?This was ail ar'lon for work and labor, under I the 11*n law. After the (.lalntilfs' ease w^s got through, I the Judge ordered it to be referred. ! CatTRTOt Arertt.s?The court met, ami cauae No 0 was resumed and the ar ;um?nt ronMu 1>'I No It wis taken up, and the argument not concluded when tha eourt adjourned dvrskmc Ccr*T ?The court met at 10 o'oloek, and tha argument of No f. a reserved oauta, w? nrmti LD. Price Two C?tf. nil concluded. No. 10, another i n> i wl etun, w?? thentakrn up and concluded. Judgment reeerred. United Statm Out ru t Coi-rt ? Before Jadga Bett*. ?Chargr of Revu ?The trial of William Smith, Oeo. I rM'lov#, aod fife oth?rt, w&i resumed, %d<1 ended In th? oonviction ol the pri*on?rs Sp&t?Doi> poatponedPick, Britdford tr Richmo*4 vt Wm A 0?r*t.?lm thli cauae, which wa? tried U?t waek in tha Court of Common Plou-th# pirtln nvnmt ?>r< Inadvertently reversed?the cauae should htva txwn untitled as above There ?u a verdict (or tha plaintiff* for tha fall amount claimed. Court or General Skjmoni.?Not. 18.?Before Recorder Scott, and Aidermeu Smith and Mwaerola. J one* B. Phillip*, Kaq , AaiUtant District Attorney.?Trial for Urand Lire my ?At the opening of the oourt thia morning, Gilbert Cromwell, a boy, wai plaoed at the bar for trial, on an indictment for grand iar<-tny. In having on the morning of the i'th of July, atolcn from Bryan | Kavaungh a silver watoh and Ave gutneav. Bryan Kavanaijh ?wora.?On the 9 h day of July I kxut a porter home at the corner of Bowery and Ninth I 1. / 111.-?4 II. V j employ a* bar keeper; on the morning of :he 9th of July I 1 hrar>l a not**, mi It some person fu walking across the floor of the bar room; 1 then got up and went ln'o th? room, when 1 saw some person net out of the window; I thou h'tarii 1jIm say "by tiol, he's al'f r roe;"' I knew it wan Uilbnrt Cromwell by his voles; I then want to my desk, and dltcuvered that he h.id Ktolen ray watoh and | Ore guluejs; 1 did not ate him again until October. Hkmkv Wii-?i>n sworn.?I am a pollo?nt?u of the 14th : ward; I arrested the prisoner on the 7th day of October, en the Km* I'ointa; I did not And auy pi oparty oa ' his peruon lt<> u>:k t Maddci* sworn.?I am a polieemnn of the 17th ward; 1 had a conversation with Cromwell toon after his arrest; he denied all knowledge of the ^rohbery of Mr Kavanagh; he laid he supposed if Mr. K. got another watch he would be satisfied. The proa?cution here reated, and the following test moay waa introduced lor the defence M*av Chomwki.l sworn ? I am the mother of the prisoner; on the night of the 8th of July ha waa at home, , and in bed, at half paat H o'clock. The case waa then submitted, under charge of the court, to the jury, who found a verdict of not guilty. Trial for Hi^amy?Thomtn ( rllley was next plaoed at the bar, for trial on an indlotmant for bigamy, in hav Ing. in November, lH-tii married a wife In this city, while he hill one living In Ireland. MAR04RKT Can.Lar sworn?I knew Sarah Broadlay, , in Ireland; 1 know Thomas Crllley; be is my brother; he waa married to Sarah Broadlay in I relund, and bad two children by her. MicHAca McAi.bar sworn ?I un a minister of ths Ho! man Catholio Church; on the .'Id of November, 1844, 1 married Thomas Crllley and Kllen H her ran, according to the usageH of the oburch. The case w.-nt to the jury, who found him guilty, and the court sentenced him to the Htate prison for a term ( of two years and Ave month*. .inothrr Tri*lf<tr Grand\Larceny.?Hugh Donegaa.a lad apparently about seventeen yea-s old, was then called to trial, on an indictment tor grand larceny. In hav ing stolen about 9?0 worth of crockery, glasa, and Britannia ware, from the store of his employer, Ebenexer Fuller, South William rtreet, in the month of October last. Mr. Fcllrb, on being examined,testllled that on pass log along Chatham street, a few weeks ago, he noticed on a stand kept by Tatriok Leonard, various artlcla* of crockery^ware.bo , which be identllled as his property, he then having but reeently imported the same, and bo other firm in this olty with the exoeption of retail house whom he had supplied, had anything of the kind; that cn questioning Leonard as to the manner In whieh be obtalued possession of the property, be finally admitted tbat be bad purohaaed it of the accused for about ft; and that the prisoner on being arrested, admitted that he took the property and sold It ta Leonard. The prosecution beisg unable to show that I -f.tw U ?.e + /v? (-? ??- (mm fXsaaaA tha prisoner guilty of a petit larceny only, and the o?mrt suspended judgmtnt In his cim, with a view of making ? witness of him against other parties. The Court then adjourned. Mltrellnncost. A destructive fir* ooeurred at Algiers, opposite New Orleans, on the night of the eith Inst. The principal low it'll upon Mesirs H ass man 4t Robinson, and amounted to $3,000 or *4,00". The railroads now bring freights towards lbs city This must have a tendency to reduoe the prioe of butter, ) which at present sells at from 'i9 to -JO cents at retail. | Kx-Senator Swift, of St. Albans, Vermont, died at that town on Thursday morning last, of apoplexy. A Taylor convention was to bs held at Philadelphia last evening. The Governor of Illinois has appointed the 36th IwL to lie observed as a day of thanksgiving. Six bnrrels of flour were shipped yesterday to QlM Victoria, as a present from Messrs Mathews k Hssnh. rf I'ontlsc. The Hour was manufactured by thses mtttm?n at their mills in Oakland county,and put up La tarrels. scraped and varnished, and the barrels covered with tasks H-ven bushels of wheat were consumed In saeb barrel ot flour, and is said by good Judges to be the beat flour ever put infide of staves.?Detroit Free Prut, lOtK I in*'. I The Montreal papers are In mourning for the death Of | J. E. Mills, late Mayor of that city, who died on the 12th i Inst , of a malignant fever, with which he beoame In1 fected, as is stated, in " the exercise of a too eowa^oaa | compassion for the sick emigrants," who within the Mel i season have landed in the vicinity or his municipality. Tart of the city of St. Louis is now lighted with gae. The population of Cleveland, Ohio, Is 1 j,7?8?Increase in 18 mouths, 3,63-1; sinoe lhlti. 6.6M0. During the present "immigrant season," there have embarked for Quebec, from Knglang, Ireland. Bootttad and Oermany, 98,10*J; and of them have dtsd 13,M6. 1 A Mrs. rarsbal. of (Jhetry Valley, was burned to death 1 on the evening of tbe utb Inst. It It supposed that her clothes took Are while she was endeavoring to light a oandle, as matches and a oandle wern found near her 1 rjDialn*. Her huaband wm found xboat the Mm* tin* la the barn. Intoxicated and aaleep. | "Deputy Marshal 11 also, of ClnolnnaM, few day* elnee, I received a telegraphic deapatch l'roni Wheeling. In whioh wm described aomo property found upon the person of a notorious character juxt wmtid la that town. The property wm at ence recognised, from the description, u a lot stolen from l.exlngton, aad proper ineuiurea were i lierefore taken In the promiiet The two marahala transacted all their buaiueae iu a few mlnutee, though they were 400 milee apart. Hon lame* A. Black, who for aeveral term* represented the rinckney District. and wh? waa chairman of the eommitte? on military affair* in tbe Inrt Congreee. he* declined a re-election, and (Jen D Wallace of Union, hu been put in nomination m a candidate to supply the vaoancy?South Carolinian, 1'Jth intl. It in ?uid that the Indiana are becoming treubleHome north of the Wlaconain river. The troop* at Tralrle du Cheln and Kort Atkinson ha?e been actively ' eugaged in driving them back upon their own gro?M, weetof the Mlsalaaippi The Brltlah ahlp Mertoun, Cant. Hamilton, from LI ei pool, September 4, arrived here yeaterday, after a tedloua passage, with 'J4fl steerage passengers. Of thla number, 17 are now lying dead on board, baring died while coming up the river. Klfty or sixty more are alek, but of what diaeMe we could not learn.?AT. O. Picayune, 10th init. The paf-?nger- trom thla city per the steamer C. Vanderbllt, via StonioKton, were landed in Boxtonon Wedneaday morning, at fifteen minutes [after 3 o'clook, eleven hour* and fifteen minutea being all the tine con earned I In the paeaage. There waa *now amor.' the mountalna of Uerkahlre, 1 and In the county adjacent, on Tueedaj laat. On thn morning of Tuesday lMt, the dead body of a female, between 3ft and 30 yeara of age, wm taken from the Delaware divWion of tha canal at Kort I'laaaant Hhe waa well drea*ed, and bore very appearance of r?apectablllty. A One linen handkerchief; found In her ^ pocket, l>ore the initlala K II. i At Richmond, Va , on Sunday morning laat, Mr*. Daniel. wlf? of fudge fvter V Daniel, of the United I Statee Supreme ' ourf, died from the effeota of a nervous shock, produced by a (ire that occurred near hi* realdenes on Saturday night. Orit I'ostai. Arkanhsmknts and tub Washington Steamer.?The ijovrrninent of Great Ilrltaln atlll adhere to their ohnoiloua order of the 0th of June laat, Imposing the Rrltlah aea-poetage on the i Amerioan mall* conveyed in the American ateamshlp.? Thla order they will relln<iul*h ?'pon the adoption of a i tumrunwu i^kwrru iun WWU QUUHUIfR IJMt, IT1 | di*<-uiutiig the term* for a convention, they ln?t*t?l | upon certain arrangement*. objected to by our poM%l 1 ugent aud our inlnkRtrr at London Not acceding to the**, Major Hobblii r turned, bringing with bim th? Urlttub plan for a portal convention for tbe decUton of our govrrrment Arrangement* with France ?r> nfrnmrlly poetponed until thore with t.reat liritain rball he adjusted; a* the mail* to and from France conveyed by the American steamer. have to pan* through Kngland, and become nubject to the Knglieh tranilt-poaUge In rnapeet to our mail* with the Oarinan state*, Major Hobble effected full and latltil'ectorv nrrang>-m?nU, ?ecuring the tran*inl'*lon of letters by the Waahtngtoa, direct to their destination, cither with poataga prepaid, or unpaid, at the option of the writer*, with a plan of xccountabilitv which glvea to each government It* share of the posUgd In some of the <>erman Mates, a single uniform rate of post*,* on American correnpondance baa been agreed upon, and at a reduoad amount, and there I* a fair prospect that the other .HUtaa will oon cede the same advantage. JVatMnglon Union. Ily.i kry - A ahort tun*- moce, we referred lo tlie enae of Mr. F.t'vy, clotluun merchant, of thin city, who, upon npunin* certain boxta and trunk*. sup po?*d to noutaln clothing, which IiIb agent hnd puren?s?1 in N*w York and shipped to ?hli plaie found In them nothing but tailor'* scraps, place* of old carpeting, kc \ eaterday another lot, eonslitlng of three box** and two trunk*, part of the same Invoice, came to band, by tha Glasgow, and prorad to 1>e Oiled with the mime material*. We learu from Mr Levy that the individual In New York from whom hi* agent purchased hi* stock of winter clothing, immediately after the sale. left tbe city, and has not iluce been hm:d of I'pon rectlflug th?> I money for the clothing, tha awindler puroba*ed a #at of | boxi aand trunks, similar to those In which tha good* were packed, and transferred tbe mark* from the genu In* to tha false package*, ?hlpplng tbe latter, and absconding with the former. The Invoiee amount*, w?^ball#?*, to something near llJOl.-"'!"' II t (atltnt,