Newspaper of The New York Herald, March 11, 1855, Page 2

On Virginia Cerrwpee**ee. Rickmokd, March #, 1IM. Tko Uatkintry of Virginia MUctumi-Tne OU and V?? Sytumu Compared ? l"h* Charftt Again* Ae Knmo IfMAtng Urbanisation Anaiyttd ? icnuvnu of tXe Local Xevxpapcri to iu ItUeruU?Wif in Wutern Virginia, 4c. , <*c. imry out i* itut that the system of voting in Vlrgi wa i? by tho voice, not the ballot. There can conse quently b? no shuffling, no dodging, no concealment, ?vorything connected with the Virginia election! for merly partook of the came open, a bo re- board character. Ihere waa a time when Virginia "knew nothing" of cau ? aee ef secret midnight, wire-working political oon olavee, or ef mystorioua, underhand nominating conven V?n of any kind. Sometime* there were a* many as a doaen candidate* in each county. Each man announced kauelf, canvassed the county for himaelf, and on the 4ny of the election took hia aeat on the judge'a bench in the court house, bowed pleasantly to the voters aa they nut up, and waa in full sight of everybody, ao that the Vetera could judge of the nominees, physically aa well ?a intellectually, and take their pick as circumstance* dictated. It was eminently a bread daylight, twelve ?'clock meridian proceeding; and Virginia waa never aa wall governed at home, or aa well represented abroad, aa ?t that identical period. Now, who wart it changed thia open, above board, republican state of things? Who was it first took the power of aelectiag their own agenta from the hands of tbe people of Virginia, where it had always been deposited up to that time, and traanferred it to an irresponsible and oftentimes a secret caucusr Why it was the very men who are aow making sucli a pother about the anti republican character of Know Nothing societies! They first took the power from the pouular hands; they notoriously and undeniably first introduced the caucus in the State, and now that the people, in defence, are obliged to fight thein in a manner with theft- own weapons, they raise a tremendous outcry about a MMpiracy against the popular sovereignty. What prodigies of patriotism and consistency! 7'k" only conspiracy is of the people themselves against the Oatalines who introduced the caucus in Virginia. J cut compare the two systems ? the caucus and the li vow Nothing societies. Judging these latter by the state aaantH which appear concerning them in the loco foeo papers, and which, by the way, according tothurewn ?bowing, must rest on the authirity of perjured scoun drels, lor they have solemnly sworn never to disclose the very things which they now shamelessly profess to to to tbe world. In the Know Nothing lodges, according their accounts of them, the whole people are assem bled in the most democratic form. Whatever there may bo of aeereay aa to the world without, there is nothing of mrfiy between the members. The opportunity is placed in every man'* hands of eaaily and readily making him self heard in tbe choice of a candidate. The sy stem 1* so complete thateacn member feel* himself a part of a whole, and i* completely identified with all its sympathies and movements. Whatever else may be charged against Knew Nothingi'-m, it cannot be averred that there is tbe slightest chance of a litt'e clique in any county foisting it* favorite into office against the will of tbe ina jonty. Yet thia violation of a cardinal republican prin ciple baa been tbe grand distinguishing characteristic or tbe caucus, from tbe hour of its commencement down to tbe present moment. Ever since this infamous anti republiean system was introduced in Virginia, the people ef both parties have been deprived of their former .su preme agency in the selection of their representatives, almost aa effectually aa if the nominating power had boon taken out of their hands by an act or the Legisla ture. A half docen lawyers, at the outside ? frequently not so many? at every county court house, have worked the wires so that their favorite, and no one else, should receive the nomination. The central junta in Rich niond, m like manner, ruled the roast of the 8tate. Tom Ritchie, Dr. Brockenbrough, fcc , composed an oligarchy, in faet, which governed Virginia a* completely a* Louis Napoleon governs France. But a few week* ago a secret locofoco caueus ? emphatically secret ? waa held in some ?at-of-the way nook or corner in thia city of Richmond, tar the purpose of putting down the progress of secret societies. Here is mere consistency with a vengeance ! Why, the very convention which nominated Wine utterly and entirely disregarded the popular wishes, according to the declarations of the locofocos themselves. Passing by tbe legerdemain by which the time and place of the convention were so Bred an scarcely to give the ghoat of a chance to tbe rival candidates, the large majority of those actually present were In ravor of Leake, and op posed to Wise; but, by virtue of various invisible proxy vote*, Mr. Wise received the nomination. There never was a more flagrant instance of an utter, total and con temptnous disregard of tbe popular will ? of the will of hia own party ? than the nomination of Henry A. Wise, tto waa dia tasteful to every conservitive democrat In Virginia, te every mixed basis man in the Common wealth, and to the whole rank and file of the old .lackson nomocracy, whose principles and whose leader he had ao often and so ruthlessly assailed. He had no friends (politically, 1 mean) ; he was the choice of no one except the par exjelience chivalry, who may bo superior in soul to au the rest of mankind, but whose bodies are not numerous enough to garrison a chicken coop. Yet these are tbe men and their orgnns who are as terribly ilia tiessed about the conspiracy of Know Nothingism against the popnlar sovereignty. Tha Richmond Enquirer bas lately made a prodigious ?nek ting over a mare's nest It professes to have discover ed in a disclosure of the whole organization, pass word*, Sttnal, he , of the Know Nothings of Virginia. I am MaOy concerned lost the cackling of the Km/uirer should Injare its health, which would be a dreadful thing for lit party, considering the services it has already ren dered them in procuring the nomination of Wise I?et Ttjon hold on, and ho may save Rome yet. Rut I qne?tion much whether the publication in the Bw/uircr i* a faithful transcript of the constitution of the Know Netbinf * of Virginia. I have saen one of the most intel %eat gentleman of tbat Order, and whoso word I would take as soon as that of any of the chivalry, who declares that at tbe very outMt of the publication it blunders (Toasly. It la true, tbe discloauro is, in substance, no aiaelosareat all; but who can receive any statement Made by lips which, upon the Holy Evangelists, have ?wern never to disclose anything connected with the Know Nothing* t Or i* It admitted that the donor of thia marvellous mare's nest to the Bnquirer is not a Know Nothing f Then, how does he know anything about them 1 Tha Knquirer't disclosure ha* produced no fluttering aacept <n its own party. It Is the false alarm of a hen who pretend* ?ne ha* laid an egg, and sets the whole tan ?ard to cackling, big rooster and all, over an ltna gM achievement. Nobody is stared or atalleicited, exeept the locefocos. No: only do the old Know Nothing*, including the democrats, stick fast, but they are gaining steady accession*. Ite people at largo mutt naturally think that there ia no more harm in one set of men land tag together to preserve America from foreign rule than there ia la another set of men banding together to per petuate the ability of foreigners to hold the balance of power in this country, and to decide who shall and who ?hall not be President. Oae ef the most amusing features ia this canvass ia the pronunriamrnto.i of sundry small lieer cross road Tillage politicians of thn focofoco school, setting forth that they have been represented aa Know Nothings, or hate been solicited to allow their puissant names to be ?*od by the Know Nothings for soma office or other, an l mtterly refasiitg to identify their great reputatioas with aay inch po'itical wickedness, or to desecrate their kap'.smal appellations by uniting them with a Knew Nothing ticket. It is carlou* and funny to see these minnows taking the air of wbakes upon them. Theutands ef these little fish are sailing about at thi* Mane, with as much mock dignity as if each of them had the Jonah ef Enow Nothingism in his belly. The triek ? getting to be a Httle stale, however. I need not say ' that when the Know Nothings do pitch upon a man, he will aot be ene of the political animalcule whom the moat powerful microscope can scarcely make visible. They are not so hard run aa all that, by any manner of mean*. With the power of electing the n?xt i?overnor ef Virginia, they will realize the responsibility which tho pewer imposes, and proffer the place to none but a man who wenld confer honor npon it. The day of small men has passed away in Virginia. The Kaow Nothing cause finds ablo champions In the ?ppoaitiea pre** of the State; and the political press of vlrgiaia Is at tbia time, with some exceptions, abler than at aay previous period. It is true 'that the resplen dent genius ef F'leaaante on the one side, aa<l the Neater tike wisdom of Ritchie on the other, no longer Inspire and gnide their respective parties. Rut I question mur.h whether the Baquirtr, la its palmiest days, exhibited such specimen of masiive, ele gant composition as the Kxam\nrr of to day, whose edl tor, I must eonfess, is a freeman worth* of the steel of the proudest and best of the Know Nothing knights. He "wield* a battle axe heavy as that of Ru har I, and sharp ae the *abre of Saladin. <)n the Know Nothing side, we have a xealou* advocate in the Richmond ll'\i,/, which paper aad tho Enquirer have locked horn* in the moat aftecttonate manor The lynchburg Ftrptnian, always reaowned far Ha starling ability, is exhibiting a high da free of talent and energy in It* opposition to Wise. The Fetersbarg fnttltigrvcrr. the Norfolk llrrabi , the staun ton Republican, and other*, which might be named, are combatting the toti'ly knight of Accwmae with plenty of vigor, and, at the same lime, with all knightly courtesy. Wise cam* out again from his oystor iheil at Areomvon Friday last. He went to Baltimore en route for Western Vlrgiaia. lie will not have to wait long for * competi tor. KNOW 80MEnim<i. Fumixnif ksiu'ri;, Va., March 7, 18S5. JaU ef Fret Xtgroes?An Appeal to /He AMitumii Mr. Hue * Political Camjat^n?lKe Great Dam 0/ RafpaKaanock, ttc. , ?#e. Yonr widely circulated Journal Is Tead here with aach interest, aad thi* iaterest has been greatly in creased, la consequence of the independent stand you have alwaya taken in defending the South and her in alitutiana from the effect* of fanaticism and m srepre aeatatloa. rieas* announce the interesting fact that on the third Monday ef this month, at the court house in this pla?* thirty nine free negroes will be sold by tk* theriiT at pakhc anetion, far such time, at the price bid for them per day, a* will pay the taxes due hy them to the Stake ? amoeg them are cooper*, bricklayer*, carpoaiere, an 1 ?tier mechanics, who can earn, if they choose to work, /ran 91 64 Va >2 per day. Will not the universal philanthropy aad enlarged soul* of lomt of your brother editor* in ti'.tbam, prompt them to come to the rescue ?f their colored hrethrea ? Car t a fund I" raised ? Are tboee free colored g*ntlem?n, who have tasted the sweets aad had the tallest swing of the largest liberty, and are *?* merely unfortunate, like other gentlemen, in not payiag their taxes, to be sold and set to work! Where are WreeUy, Ulddlags, Sumi.r, Abby Kolsom. Antoinette Brawn, aad other sympathisers? if the tender coronas ?rien of thee* philanthropist* cannot bo stirred, then say te coma sharp Jouatban in yoar vicinity, that he can hay those colored brethren at tea cents per day. and if h? eaa make them work, will pocket something handsome. 1 have no time to philosophise, or draw conclusions from ' this significant phenomenon? jeur readers may do It Ae pilit c?l cauldron heg.as to bo.) and babble coafi denceiaMx. Krtoa'a rmee?ii to dwp?ndJngly exereewd; thero to a aha?teerTng voleaao qutatly accumulating ? paver which will, to iu? ttoaa, pin tohtoa ud his sup porter* that hi* ?tr*nf th has been spent for naaght. The great dam across the Rappahannock, this bUci, is comuktod, Mid om of tkf most nUiMf# water powers in the State will tee creat^within the Veen daring tbt prtMut summer, wtth * fall ?f fifty feet. It hu been constructed by John Chase, of Maseeehuaetts, and will cost $200,000. Such to the confidence in thl? work that property i* rapidly advancing in Omr Canada Coneepondence. The Militia Report? Party Politic*? lfev> Lint of Cana dian Ocean Steemert? Republican Movet?Univcrtal Suffrage? Property Qualification* ? Effort to (Main the Repeal qf Ike Commutation Clatue of tto Clergy Reserve* Act, dc., <&c. ... ] Quebec, March 6, 1855. The report of the commissioners on the establishment of a volunteer and militia force in Canada, ii the main topic of conversation, both by the press and about the newsroom and lobbies of the legislature. The intention ? f the government to introduce a measure giving itefftct, has brought it practically before the people, and com pelled its serious discussion. The magnitude of the scheme compelled caviller* to draw back for the moment, bat recovering breath, they kave, with true canine in stinct, disooveied in it a capital instrument to assist in their baying at the Ministry. It is, perhaps, one of the greatest evils of our system of government that it plaoea a premium upon opposition for opposition's Bake. The " outs" regulate their every act, and conduct all their discussions, not wvth a view of eliciting truth, bat with the object of defecting the " Ins," and, of course, assuming tbelr places. Kvery measure of the Ministry is opposed by the regular opposition, who, with the most thorough understanding, agree topon every imaginable topic. The militia report is disctteied upon this principle, and that portion of the press which is opposed to the agisting administration see in it a deliberate scheme for increasing the patronage of the government, thus placing in their hands a powerful weapon wherewith to corrupt the honest yeomanry of the country. The opinion of persons who nave no particular Interest in either opposing or sup porting the government, is that, as we must provide meanB for our own protection, the imperial authorities having withdrawn tlieir forces, tbe plan proposed is as good as any that could be adopted, and is probably as nnexpensive as could, under the circumstances, be hoped for. That the measure will pass tbe House unchal lenged in its details is too much to expect, but it is quite probable, indeed almost certain, that in Its main fea tures it will meet with legislative sanction. On Tuesday night last there was rathtr an interesting discussion upon the question of a line of Canadian ocean steamers The debate arose upon a motion of Mr. Kerres for papers relative to the contracts between the Canadian government and Messrs. Mclean, McLarty & Co , of Ijverpool. As you are probably aware, the late Chief Commissioner of Public Works, in hii report ani madverted in no very mild terms upon the non-fulfil ment of tbelr contract by those gentlemen. Since that time a gentleman representing the company has arrived in Quebec, and is now negotiating with the government, who very justly refuse full compensation for a contract which has never been carried out. The necessity for a good line of steamers from this port to Kurope is very fenerally felt, and it is said that the government intends o canoel tbe agreement with Messrs. McLean, McLtrty & Co., which is, In fact, now virtually cancelled by its non-fulfilment by tbim, and enter into arrangements with Messrs. Edmonstone, Allan & Co., of Montreal, for a regular line of first class steamers. The Liverpool firm will, ot course, be paid for services actually per formed by them. Anything like exciting legislation is still in the future, and if the notice pap?r can be accepted as indicative or the probable character of the session, I should pro nounce it likely to be a stormy one. Among the mea sures which are to be brought up, is one by Mr. Huot, a member of the Rouge party, for the establishment of universal suffrage. The measure is not likely to meet with much sympathy in the House. The franchise, as amended by the last and present Parliament, amounts al most to universal suffrage. Under its operations any per son paying a rental of of $20, or owning property repre senting a capital of which $-0 is the interest at 0 per cent, is entitled to vote. So great a modification of the recent franchise law, ensuring an increase of at least one-third in the number of qualified voters, is considered a sufli cient extension for the present. In connection with this subject, I might mention that Mr. M'-.Kenzie intends in troducing an act to "abolish tbe property qualification of membersof the Assembly." Although this act may not meet with the assent ot the Legislature at this ses sion, tbe principle it aflirms is gradually gaining ground in l'arliameat and in the country, and without doubt it will I'oon be the law of the Province. There are no less than three notices of motion from I.oweT Canadian members, on the subject of alteration in tbe Seignorial Tenure act. Each of these will be op posed by the administration, who are determined that the bill passed Ijv them previous to the recess shall have a fair trial. With this view, they have determined to test its operations in four different SeignoHee, situate in different part* of the country, and have already appoint ed four commissioners for that purpose. The election of Mr. Cartier, a member of the administration, and one of those who voted for tbe bill last session, for the county of Vercbieres, is regarded as very satisf letory evidence that the people do not regard the measure in the light which some gentlemen in the legislature, and a certain portion of the press, believe, and hence the propriety of tbe course determined upon by the adminis tration cannot be doubted. Another question which iB likely to create some angry discussion is a motion of Mr Brown, the editor of the Toronto friole, for an "address to his Kxcellency tho Governor General, on the subject of tbe carrying Into ef fect of the proviaions of the commutation clause of the Clergy Reserves act of this session '' Tbe object of Mr. Itrown and tbe opposition is to effect the repeal of this clame ol the act. For the information of such readers of the Hmui.n as may not uu :er?tand the nature of the act, 1 may state that, under the Imperial statute enabling the l'rovince to legislate upon the subject, the Canadian Parliament were required to provide, by a special fund, for the payment of the stipends of present incumbents during tbe term of their natural lives. The ministry, desirous of finally settling ths question, introduced into their measure a clause providing that the incumbents might commute their claims if application were male within one year, the advantage being that at the expira tion of that time the question wonld be finally closed, ?nd tbe agitation which has disturbed the peace of this country for tbe last thirty year,- for ever set at rest. .So careful, however, were the ministry in guarding the principles long held by the refo-m party, that they in serted a special provision, declariug that the commuta tion mtney should not be invested in lands. Tbe oppo sition. however, are dissatisfied, and determined, if pos sible, to prevent the commutation clause from taking effect. What renders the opposition on the part of Mr. Hrown of the most unprincipled nature, is that he was himself the first to suggest commutation as a means of settling this question. Then, however, hs was in oppo sition to a government who were opposed to that princi ple; now he is in opposition to a gavernment which has proposed and carried it. Another illustration this of the struggle between tbe "ins'' and the "outs." lntrrNtlng from Calm. [From the Charleston standard, tinrch 1.] Through tbe k'mtaesa of one of the passenger* by the ateamer Isabsl, we have been placed in posaesaion of the following facts in relation to tbe exciting -tut* of politi cal affairs at Havana an<i other cities. ? A conspiracy or combination ban. no doubt. baeu forme'l on the island to aastat the fllibuaters. In this association were Home of the notl distinguished men of every profession. They have sent a largo amount of money to the United States. A lilt ef the inn and the donors had bean made out and given to one of their number. This man proved a traitor, and banded the document to the Captain-Usneral on the 26lh January There was added to thin paper a pro gramme of the plot for ascertaining the movements ef thair associated in the United states, and in fact all the details of one of the ben' arranged and molt atupendous system* for a successful revolution Hetweenthe 26th January and the #th February, Coa eha ?ent hie officer! through the Inland, and there waa an inatantaneou* arrest of a Urge nuoMrof the no aspi rators, to the Dumber, it is said, of HOV. Among those made in Havana waa Don l'into, a m?wnber of the Au deneia, who had baen an Intimate friend of Conclia, and up to the moment of hia arrest has received moat marked attention from that dignitary. he even dined witli the Captain General the day previoua to hi* arrest. _ It ia aaio that while at the dining table, 1'inta reminded* Concha of a promise to aeloct and present him with a apotof government ground. Conch*, laying hia hand upoa hia heart, answered, "I have you here; you will not ba torgotten , the apot of ground i* selected. " Tbe aelt mnraiog l'into wai arrested and thrown into pri aoo. Ilia defence waa to be beard on the 27th. an officer of the army bem? selected to prepare it. Another rumor ia to thin effect, and ia generally believed, that w*ien Concha fled to Marseilles during the last Spanish revolu tion, be wrote many letters to l'into, favoring fllibua tare and the overthrow of the government of Cuba. I'he wheal of fortnne turns up. and now h? ia desirous of re gaining possession of the tetter*, or of destroying l'into and their evidence Don Cintra, an eminent lawyer, ha* also be?n arrested and thrown into prison Many Creoles wlin ha I entered into the volnnteera lately enrolled, have l>een disarmed, being suspected ef their loyalty, and ban. shed the conntry at twenty four houra notice. Troona have been aent to various parts of the i*land. The Itnlish ateam ve?eeW of war have been acting a* transport ah. pa. end have actually earriei Spanish ??l tiers from the eity of Havana to other port* The fleetest steamer* are at the service of the Captain fieneral, and are doing an *tpr?*a basineee, tearing tbe lateat new* from tbe remote dis tricts of the island The whole islanl ia in a state of the greatest possible ?xcltement tluaineaa in the eitiee ia at a stand. The freight and passenger l>"at* having l>e?n taken ofT the | routes from Havana aod armed for the use of t.iego vernment, all romnua cation with the coaat or thu inte rior ia cut o(I. eiepf. by railroads. An engine is kept constantly fired, for the use of the g?vernrn*ot. at the Mataora* Kailroad depot In the midat of thi?, spies are following ?e steps of Americana, listening to their eonveraaUona and report iag them to th*ir master, the Oa|tain (leneral. Letters are ruthlessly broken cpen, aod nothing t?lon?ing to an Ameri-an ia sacred We learn that l i (isiveninr Flah. now visftiag Havana, and presenting ley ers of introduction to Concha, waa *err "oolly rere.ved th* Captain (>?neral ei, using hlm self for not baiag ahle u? extend to him any civilities, tbe axcitlog state of alTaira making it impossibla, how rvermu.li he miirlit ?'.-?ire it. ml' off- red no inpedl ment to hia giv ng a splendi \ entertainment to Admiral Faeshaw, of tha Kngl ?h frigate B"*caw?n. on* of the inglorious flaatof the ?'altia, who arrited at Havana af ter tha plot waa dlarov. re>l and a few days before -ens tor F'sh Tl.ere is noU.lng hut the fear of an op?n r ip tn re that alfera an? aafety ?o an American citizen (a <vnba, and furthermore, aur government most ihims fully n effects enr aitirens and the interests of the I nited Ptate. there he ng ?<- dnlv appointed Consul at Havana, nor are there any ships of war, and no retreat in rase of outbreak for an American to repair to for personal aafety. ] Oar Charleston OtrrwpindfMi Cbakubto.w, March 6, 1866. Duineu of Trait- Itt Came* and Reaction? The Cotan Qv Htion? Kitrnmf**? 0*orgc Law as PrttuHml? Charlaton Rat** ? John MiXchtl and kit Political Mil , take*? theatrical Neso*, 4c. Once mora, after a loaf interval, I rename m y corres pondence from this point, and a hall endeavor to keep you potted up U> what tranaplrea In thia section. Yon are undoubtedly aware my correipondenoa laat summer waa unavoidably Interrupted by the appear ance of the yellow fever In our mldit. 1 can aaei- M yon It waa a gloomy time her* during ita preva' mftt God forbid that 1 ibould aver again witneea it y Heretofore ita viaitationa have been limited, 4 freat respect, to a certain claaa. But laat aum- and fjj, none were oonalJered exempt. It gained ^ fcec#gg ^ the mansions of the wealthy, aa well *a to^ Novell of tll# poor. It haa left ita footprints Bot amongst atrangera, bnt and havoc Kiar^g iu Tuibility in tne amities of aome of our tolde^t and moat eatimable citi zens. And aa great as (^r afflictions were at that ime, the WTath of t a# Ahnighty had been kindled, and he naw fit to vial* u a with one of the moat terrifio galea Charleston ever witnessed, destroying property to the amountof abr.ut two million dollars. On aecount of the yellow few. being in our o.ty, our fall trade, upon which < nr merchants made usual dependence, was eatirely cut off. Heietofore everything bore a prosperous ap pearance, aud the merchants had laid in stocks of ?Oo<la that would have compared favorably with any city in the I'nion, in anticipation of doing an extensive busi ness. The consequence was, country merchants, a gr>)at many of tlx-m, were compelled to go North in orHer te lay in their supplies, while others were compelled to order everything they wanted, without hiving any opportunity to exan^ne stocks and select for themselves Taking all these things Into consideration, 1 think the merchant' of Charleston have braved the prevailing atorm nobly, and won for themselves an enviable reputation, an 1 we have to record only 6ve or six failures, which have been occasion ed by the prtsent stringency, and I take pleasure in in forming you that there ia,a slight reaction vis'ble, and our spring trade has commenced, not, however, with ita usual activity. Thtre has been considerable exoltement here in regard to the recent gloomy intelligence from the island of Cuba, and the greater portion of the community sympa tblie with the filibusters, to think they have made an other unsuccessful movement ; and thotte who are un favorably inclined towards the acquisition of that island oiler as their only ploa, if Cubans want freedom, why don't they rise en matte and overthrow their presenc tyrannical government? This thing is easy said, but not so easy done, in a country where every footstep is watch ed, and if caught in the least act, your bead Is liable to pa v tribute to the vengeance of Spanish tyranny. I say, let this government be to Cuba what France was to us. 1 cannot conceive what Spain has dooe for us that we should take such an interest in protecting her shores from an invasion by any foreign force. Has not insult upon insult, Injury upon injury, been sufficient to show t# that government that we are forbearing to thorn, or do we want a repetition to enab e ua to open oar eyes? If we are ever going to acquire Cuba, now is tae time or never. A republican form of government is wished for by every Cnban, without the least possible doubt; and that they are a down-trodden and oppressed race, is plainly visible to us. We onee stood in a posit on simi lar to them, although our lot was comparatively a pa radise to theirs; and what were our feelings of joy and gratitude when a Lafayette iuterceded in the legis lative halls of Franoe in our behalf, and how did every American heart throb when they beheld the coffers of France tb&uopen to us, and French troops sent to our relief? lifcin 1 say, let Quitman be to down-trodden Cuba what Uiliyette was to our noble ancestors. Why, what is to prevent It? Why, the actions of our own pre sent parsimonious administration, if they do not approve of the actions of this body of men, organized for the purpose (and 1 can assure you a humane one,) of restor ing Cuban subjects to freedom, what necessity is th?re of oppcslng it? Why throw up these barriers to prevent their ogress from our shores? Homo say Cubans are cowards. This 1 know to be false. Although an Ameri can myself, I will defend them in regard to such an un juht accusation. They are cowards judiciously, until they see tome opportunity of displaying their bravery. A fit specimen of Cuban heroism Is to be witnsssed in the person of poor Kftrampes, who will soon be no more, having been sentenced by? as some writers call him? the humane Concha, to death by the garrote. If ever a brave man trod his native soil, it is Kstrampes, a man who came out boldly in the lace or his enemies and told tbem his object, ami the only one, was freedom for bis be loved Cuba, and his only regret was to die and aee her yet in chains. Cannot something be done to save him? or, is he irrevocably lost? Cannot a fibre of an American heart be touched in his behalf? Would not a petition from a proper Bource have its effect? Could not his par don be obtained? He will die a noble death ; but to die so young without having accomplished hla laudable pur pose it to be regretted. 1 sec there is'no hope from the present administration in regard to a filibuster move ment, and the only alternative Is to nominate (ieorge Law for the l'Tosldency, and he will undoubtedly be elected; aad should such a glorioiw victory W^atbieveM, you can soon after look apon the Ulaud of Cuba as a pac tion of the United States. The races, that came otT here lait month, were pretty generally attended, and llaltlmnre and New York were well represented by the fancy. We have had quit* cool weather for a week or two past, but to-day it ia quite warm and pleasant. The steamship Nashville arrived her* Saturday noon, and among the passengers was John Mitchel, the Irish patriot. Me is at tbe Charleston Hotel, and is on bis way to Tennessee, where he is to retire Into private life. No doubt he has come to tbe conclusion ere this, that he made a grand mis take when he attempted, immediately after landing on American soil, to enfight n the American people in re gard to her laws and institution*. Mia* Eliza Logan has just Bnifched a successful engagement at tbe theatre. G. M. D. Our Oetrolt Correspondence. Dvtroit, March 1, Railroad Enterprise* in the Stat* ? Bail Result of Mono poliet?Prpjuted Line from Detroit to Log am fort, in Indiana. State of Trade, tie., iff. We have been, for man y year * pant, talking about ths absolute necessity of having more than one railroad to connect us with the eastern and western portion of oar country. We have succeedel in getting two route*, running weHtwardly from thii, parallel with each.other, and one running westwardly from here, bearing north. The two former hare beeo constantly quarrelling ilnce they went into operation, and the latter not being finished, we are aa yet without those perfect facilities for the transaction of the full amount of businesa which would offer if we were ready to receive it. More than all, 'we want a short line of road, only forty ta'.les, to connect us with the Lake Shore railroad. Rut we have striven for years In vain to accomplish It. The cupidity, avarice, and stupidity of a few individuals, aided by the opposing interest* of a mammoth railroad company, have hitherto prevented the wishes and suppressed the eflorta of a large majority of our citiiens in effecting the tonitroction of the road. Our Legislature this winter !>a>sed a general railroad law; and renewed attempt* are now in progress to organize a company under it* provisions, to construct the road I speas of, from De troit to Monroe. The law alluded to has not been eriti cally examined by any competent person, and well tcunded fear* exist that there may be something in it which will render it ineilectual aad impracticable. It is a piece of fusion legislation, and douutles* provide* within itrelf It* own repeal. You are well aware that Detroit is a flourishing and growing commercial city, abounding with wealthy and energetic citizen* Her business yearly increases, an I with more avenues opened for intercourse with the South and West, there would be no limit to it* annual growth. A project just now i* beginning to commend it*elfto the attention of capitalists? the construction of a railroad from here to Logansport, in Indiana ? that connecting us directly with St. Louis. Ths Idea is find ing much favor with us, and when financial matters be come less oppressive than at present, w? may hope to see the project realized. As a matter of course we feel hsre the want of a free circulation ot capital ; and though the general stagnation of buslne** so prevalent in all directions, ha* borne somewhat heavily upon a*, yet our merchants and business men generally, foaro passed successfully through the trial. We have no failures to annoonce, and obligations are met promptly and fully The past month has been one of the hardest and coldest we have had for many years. Weeks of ex cellent sleiguing have been duly appreciated, and the value of the continued and deep snow to the agricultu ral and lumbering Interests may be estimated at many millions of dollars. WYANDOT. The Ebrntur Society near Buffalo. THEIR A KF A I R8 T<> I1K INVBHTIQ ATW>. I From the liuffalo Courier. March 3.) The affairs of the Kheneter Sosiety, whose land* are situated about five mile* from thi* city, are to be inves tigated by a committee of the legislature. Oar repre sentat've, Mr. W. W. Weed, a few days since introduced a resolution asking for a committee to inquire into the affairs of a pretended religious "community of true in eviration " It appears that in April, 1H4D, the l?glsl? tore granted certain privileges to this community, investing their trustee* with power to purchase, hold, and convey real estate, an 1 to bare charge or the per snnal ellect* and property belonging to the organisation. They are located five or *ix mile* south east of Buffalo, have now three villages, which are thriving manufac tories of cotton, woollen, grain, aud Iron, produsing every article necessary for their own wants, disposing of the surplus to their neighbors. The property I hey now j>osee?- is estimated by competent judges to be worth between five and six millions o! dollars, their territory extend ng into three towns. They pay taxes on only three hundred thousand dollars niey are beginning to mix in politics, sail in those towns unifermiy vote as their interests dictate. There are about five hundred persons, men, women, and children Ho far as the public Is advised, they ob serve the rights snd obligation* of matrimony. They call themselves the Kbeneier Society, and are all fO I etgneri.of the f.ertnan Hwi** order. Tbetr chief or pro Khet claims spiritual equality with Jeeus Christ; thsy a?e some Iweivs or fourteen trustee* or mint gers. who oversoe their temporal concerns. The remainder of the flock are the merest slaves, anl kept In stronger bonds than any Southern slave. They are governed by the self styled prophet, who dtrrctt them, as he says, and they b?ii?T*. from It ?p. ration. All wept the trustees lab >r in several vo eatkna and are allowed thirty seven and a half eents perdsy. Their elothmg and food is charged to them, and if. at the end of the year, the laborer* find a ba lance in their faeor, that balance la placed ia t ho com mon treasorv. The prophet has rece?tly been Inspired with the fact that the rommnn.tr must dispose of their reel estate, He allege* that the country about them is becoming too , SWrtXtftT <h*"e* ?* JVT?** * eroachmeata of "?!> Mf hen* farther from Ui ?* Am ?m- (octet - itwitl nli^wa and kuniM civilization. Mr Weed ia / ta hvinguader a law of the Ugtalature. ? er a tin t Ir |M?f?ctly justlflakla in aakiaf far 4 rigid ?Lt A* in order that the IepieU f. a rar < *? Put in poiieeetoa.of facte which may juitt 7 /i?X *r that protective law. Social Uta in Tum [TVora the Austin cHate tiaaette, Feb. 90.] Wo are alwaya pleaaad to hare industrious immigrants oome among na Plenty of work can be found by ne cbaiiee ana laborer*, and there ia room in all oar town* for sore enterpriaing merchants and buaineaa men. There ia one elans, however, that we are oppoeed to, and have no diapoaition to hold out to them lndoeemonte to aettle among ua Thia elaaa ia of that propagandlat aehool which in France and in partaof the united Htatea haa and la aeeking to up the foundationa of ao slaty. The aocialiat deslrva to deatroy individual right* In pro perty, aDd If he ia not a vary intelligent and moral man? a rare thing? we nay have in him a neighbor who will rob and plunder u* whenever he can get a chance; for he hole* it aa a primary principle in hia creed, that mo Individual haa a right Ato accumulate property for biim-elf, and all above what ia neoaaaary to auatain him belongs to the text of society. Again, the socialist ia an abolitionist, everywhere He would not be lena opposed to slavery by living in Texas than in Franoe er ia Ohio. It ia part of hi* creed. Now we are told that John Allen of Ohio, and Mon*. Victor Considerant, propose bringing out from France to Western Texas. a colony of aocialiata. Thia move for the purpose of building ap a sect opposed to our Doliticul inatitutiona may wel be regarded with ?alouay, and the founder* tsar rely upon it that the; will .not be atilfered to tamper with our inatitutiona. The wbole principle of colonizatioo. where men of a pecu liar eaate in religion or polltlca seek to array themaelvea together In particular xectiona of the country, both aa landholdera and factlonista. is at war with all the ele ments of society, and cannot be carried on without cre ating bitter an<i unrelenting prejudice* and animosities among our native citizens. We note thia advent of so cialism in Texaa as foreboding ua no good; and we wish toem to have a fair understanding before they reach our coil, that as a political acct our whole people are agaiBst them. Sandwich Lalauida. OOFT OF THE L ATI KING'S WILL? HIS PUBLIC AND DOMESTIC BEqinBTfl. In the name or God, amen :? I, Kamehamaha III, by the graoeof God, King of the Hawaiian Islands, being of sound mind, and deairoaa, while Uod blesaea me with a clear understanding, to appoint and proclaim my aueeea aor to to the Hawaiian crown, agreeably with the 26th article of the eonstitutlon; aidalao to direct how my eatate shall be disposed of after my death, do hereby make, publish and declare thia my Uat will and testa ment:? Firat.? I hereby appoint and proclaim my adopted aon, Alexander Libollho, to be the heir and successor to my crown; provided he shall not be disqualified to sit upon the tb rone, under the provisions of the 2Ath article of the constitution. And I request that the House of Noblea will join with me in appointing and proclaiming him aa my belr. Second. ? It la my will and command that, in case my adopted aon Alexander Liholibu Khali not aurvive me, or, surviving me shall not be qualified to ait np?n the throne, that hia brother, Lot Kamebameha, shall be the heir to my crown; provided he ia not diaqualified by the consti tution, and in case he shall not coma to the throne, then his sister, Victoria Kamamalu, shall be my auceea sor, provided she shall be qualified by the conatitution. Beyond thia, 1 have no wiah respecting my successor to the throne. Third.? It is my command that all my joat debta shall be paid by my executora, hereinafter named, out of my eatate. aa soon alter my daceaae aa shall by them be found convenient. Fourth ?I give, devlan and bequeath unto my Queen, Hakaleleponi Kanakuhaill, in lieu of dower, provMed aha assent thereto, the following landa, to be held by her in fee simple, viz. Hula, Ahupuaa, Fuua, Hawaii. Kapalaalaea, " Koua, " Kalahntpuaa, 111 no Walmea, Kohala, " Anaehoomalu, " ?' " " Waipio, Ahupuaa, Hamakua, " Kaobe, 111 no Wailucu, Maui. Puhiawawa, '? " " Lemukee, ?' '? " Pnuobala, " " " Mar.ienie, " " " Waikabalulu, " Honolulu, Oahu. Kailna, Abu|iuaa, Koolaupoko, " haneohe, 44 ?? " Ilakipnu, " " " Firth ?I hereby give, devise and bequeath all the raat and residue of my eatate, of whataoever kind and nature, to my adopted son, Alexander Liholiho. ! Hhtiy ? ! hereby appoint Keonl Ana, William I.. Lee, loane li and Mataio Kekuanaoa, to be the exeoutora of this my last will and teatauaent, to act jointly in giving it full effect, and with power to fill any vacaney that may occur by the death, resignation or refnsal to act of either of said executors, lor their trouble It ahall be proper for tbem to divide among tbemselvea, equally, the atim of ofie thousand dollars, to be realized from my estate, before the rest and residue thereof is made over to my adopted child, under the fifth aection of this will. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and sesl this second day of April, in the year of our Lord on* tboufeand eight hundred and fifty-three, at my palaca in Honolulu. This will ia made and signed In triplicate. (Signed) KAMKHAMKHA. IL.|S.] Signed, sen led and delivered by bis Majesty Kamcha meha III., as hia last will and testament, in presence of ua, who, in his presence, and in the pretence of each other, and at hia request, have subscribed our namea aa witneases hereto. (Signed) A. I'AKI, B. NAMAKKHA. Pa-lapk, Ho*oi.clu, Dec. 18, 1854. We, the undersigned, members of hia Majesty'* Privy Council, having thia day aeen and heard the laat will and teats ment of his late Majesty Kamehamsha III., hereby make known that we believe the same to ba the true and genuine last will of his late Ifajeaty. (Signed) Keoni Ana, A. Pakl, B. Namakeba, K. C Wvllie, M. Kekuanaoa, loane li., E. H. Allen, I. Kaso, Chae (J. Hopkina, I. Pilkol, K. Armstrong, W. L. Lee, K. Kapaakaa. From Lake Superior* [From the Green Bay Advocate, March 1.] We had a heavy mail from Lnlie Superior last Satur day, accompanied by large parties of men who have been discharged from the mine*. The I'ortage lake com panies are paid to be entirely out of powder, and unable to go on with operation*. The new* of the commercial and financial criai* had ju*t been received there, and produced a profound sen aation. Partly upon thin account, and partlv from want of aupplies and the high price* of produce, large nam ber* of men have been discharged, and are finding their way, a* best they can, southward. During Friday and Saturday a* many a* fifty reached here in aleigh*, on their wav ea*t. They had oome on foot, by way of Carp River and Hay de Nnquett, to Menomoaie, where sleighs wsre procured. Some had suffered severely from *now blindness, and were scarcely able to open their eye*. They were mostly Cornish miner*. As a fact creditable to the humanity of our Lake Superior neighbors, we mention that, in discharging men, the single one* were selected ? those with families being, as far as posaible, retained in employment. For the first time sleighs had come through all tho way from Carp River to Hay de Noquett. Oxen were driven ubesd to break the road, liay was selling at Carp River at from $60 to $100 per ton; flour, $18: pork, $35. It was principally owing to the absence of this article that teams sffte forced through to Hay de No qaeti, where hay was to be had. Six double team* came from Marquette (Carp River) to Little Hay de Noquett. and took back load* of hay and grain. (Jhe camo all the way to this place, with a load of passengers, to '. took bark a load of pork. During the month of December the Minnesota Mine produced 77 S tons of copper. This and the CM Mine are said to be the only one* that are paying expenses and making dividends. We state this upon the authori ty of the Mining AVtcj, which adds that other* are per haps pay ;ng expenses in these hard times, and many others still are opening and preparing to work and bo come productive. The smallpox was raging among the Indians in the vicinity ot Ontonagon. The absence of powder is occasioned by the loss of the 1'eninsnla, at Kagle river, )a*t fall. She had 2,000 kegs of powder, of which 1,M)0 were spoiled. She waa driven ashore in a heavy gale. A grand strike occurred in November at the Copper Fall* Mine among the s opera, who went in a body to the others engaged in the im>ne, and drove them from the work. The iiogleadcri were arreited and fined, and the disturbance quelled. Among thosH who came through was Mr. Collint, eon of E. K. ( ollins. of steamnhip celebrity, who ha* been ?pending the winter at Marquette, and M now on hi* way Kast. He r? present* business in the iron region a* prosperous. large quantities of ore are being got out ready for shipment in the spring. To Mr. Collins, Mid to our old friend Mr White, of Marquette, we are in debted for much of the information which we publish Above. Kidnapping Cau In Plttsliurg. [From the llttsburg Journal. March o.] A case of kidnapping occurred yesterday morning at the City Hotel, which for boldness and success ha* n?ver been surpassed In Pit*aburg. The aTaif created cenaideiaMe excitement through the city. The informa tion below it from an authentic sourre. A gentleman named Slaymacker, with hi* wife and colored female servant and friend*, arrived tn this city from I snc&xteron M"n lay night, and took rooms at the City Hotel. Feaetngthat anme exrltement might hapo*n in relation to the girl. Mr. S. spoke to the proprietors, assuring them that ahe was free. The rtport, however, get out among our colored population that the girl was a slave, and waa tV en being taken to a alave ;Ute It was. therefore, received to capture and secrete her until Mr. Slajmacker left the city. The attempt was not made until yestenuy morning at the breakfast table A barber, namet Davis, of Third street, and all the colored waiter#, were in the dining room, and just as the girl arose to leave the table, th-y seized her. carried her through a back alloy on Third s'reet, and then di?app?ared somewhere In the neighbor hood. The girl screamed londly, bat there wss no in terference. Mr. Slsymscker went to the proprietors to inquire what m>ans should be taken to secure her. but was in formed that if she were a slave, any effort* would be useless; if not, they thought the matter could be ar ranged. They proceeded to the Mayor * office, where Mr 8. produced doc iments to prove the girl ws* fr?e, and that Iter mrther on her death bed, confided her to the care of his wife, the girl being very slraly. The party were roirg te Illinois to reside, and the girl was taken along a< one of their own family. Mayor Velr requested the presence of our well known colored litiien. It Pelaney, and everything being fully explained, and to hi* satisfaction. be succeeded in get ting the girl, after an absence of twohour*. and restored her to her employer. The hesd waiter was discharged from hi? situation upon the spot, he being considered one of the meat pr< rn.oent in the affair. I iHHtw*! Itwifmi BUxleo. [From the N 0. Pleayune, Feb. 36. ) Paucity cf New? Defeat of the JneurgenU tU Zoc.Xtpan ? IK e Pamphlet if the Minuter of finance on Uu $10,008,000. ' A private letter from the City of Mexloe, dated tha 19th ult., says that there waa nothing new transpiring throughout tha republic, and the papera folly confirm tha statement. There are new decree* being constantly C" liahed, greet rejoicings over the vote In favor of ta Aana, aad nuroeroui rf porta of luoeeaifml con flieta with the insurgent*. .None of these however, are of mueh importance or reliaoQity. The only item of any in tar eat to oar readera ta the statement that the government authorltiea, on the arri val ef the Orizaba on her late trip, thought proper to step and deatroy an unusual portion of the eorreapond ence and papera which ahe had oonveyed at the expense, of course. of the United St* tea government aad people, much of it intended for American citizens reaideat in the miaerabls, tyranny-trodden country -some of it, it ia be lieved, even for United State* official*, and aome for the ceneor ridden and enslaved press of the country. The Diario OJlcial announces that the insurgents ad mit they had suffered a sevete defeat at Zacualpan by S remanent troops under (ien. Marqusx. Tbey are said emselves to report that the number killed on their aide exceeded 130. The Diario thus cacklea on the oc casion : "Thla ia the result the factioniats will always see I Divine justice will never fail to inflict on the evil doer the chastisement due to hi* iniquities, little by little these obstinate rebels will continue till they are exterminated, if they do not haaten to avail the ma elves of the clemency of tne paternal government of his most Serene Highness the ('resident General." The government of /.aeatecas having been warned that the bands of Insurgents routed in Jalisco were endeavor ing to penetrate into Zaoatecas in search of better for tune, bad taken all mean* calculated to repel the in. vasion and to chastise the parties to it. The Governo had ordered com pun It a to be formed of the moat respec table inhabitants, both native and foreign, for the imme diate protection of the department. Senor Manuel Olasagarre, late Minister of Fintnce, has publiabed a pamphlet, accounting for the reception, dis tribution and investment of tiff), 000.000 paid to Mexico under the Mesilla treaty. Man; interesting official docu ments on the subject, ani aeppy of the letter of. Senor D. Francisco Arrangoiz, In wafch he makes his charge of one per eent for receiving and remitting the money, are Included in it. Senor Olasagarre say a he has made this publication not only because it is just that the country should have a full knowledge on the subject, but also because the honor and intefpity of the supreme govern ment, those of his most Serene Highness, and of hi* own, require it, and principally because his moat Serene High ness bad commanded that it should be done. The revolution ia Maid to have been quelled In Oajaca. The Commandaote-Ueneral, Senor D. Jose Maria Qarcia, writing on the 6th inat., says: ?' The small force led by the ex Cuptain D. Francisco Hen-era having been broken up, some accepting of pardon offered them, others de parting for their homes, and the chief concealing hlmatlf among the very craggy rocks and caverns of Xatan and Tococuno, erder has been re established." MEXICO ON THI BIO GRANDE. The Brownsville American Flag of the 21st ultimo, noticing a statement in several papera, that $80,600 had been subscribed by the Brownsville merchants, aad the Mexicans residing in Brownsville, to fit out a filibustering expedition against Mexico, to be commanded by Oarava jal, says:? Instead of $60,000, the merchants of Brownsville have not subscribed CO cents to aid any filibuster organization, nor do we believe that the Mexicans residing here have. Our towns on the Rio tirande, as yet, are chiefly commer cial, and for this commerce we are dependent almost wholly upon our neighbors ef Mexico, to secure this trade, quiet on the frontier is absolutely necessary, and our merchants have had time to be taught by experlenee the futility of border revolution*? re volutions instigated, in most instances, by visionary aspirants for fame and place, rather than from motive* of patriotism and the welfare of their countrymen. The citizens of Brown* ville have hospitably received political exiles from Mexi co?those who have fled from persecution under the pre sent rulers of that country ? and would be as ready to extend the same hospitality and afford the aame refuge to the persecutors, should, at it is by no me ins Impro bable, the continual changes of fortune render bucIi a refuge necessary. The spirit and genius of our institu tions guarantees this to all alike, without partiality. The above paragraph ia wholly uhtrue. There is no organisation forming here. Aside from a harmlea* paper warfare, occasionally waged, the whole of the northern frontier of Mexico la quiet. The new commandant, Gen. Vega, seems to give general satisfaction. Many of those engaged in the late revolution have been pardoned and returned to their homes, where their valorous swords and stout lance poles have been exchanged for pruning knives and plough shares for the peaceful cultivation of tbe soil. Caravajal is still on this side, but in the retire ment of the shades of private life ia, bo far as wo know, complying with the laws of the country whose protec tion he has sought. Towboat Explosion In New Orlrani. [Frcm tho New Orleans Picayune, Feb 27.] We have this morning to record one o< those nail acci dent!, now happily of rare occurrence on our river, from lUnm boiler explosions. The towboat Thomas McDaniels, C?pt. McLean, coming np from the ttouth-west Pass yesterday morning, with the ships Erie and Hercynia, and Norwegian brig Amorlkain tow, exploded all her boilers about half past niae o'clock A. M . when in the English Turo. The forward part of the boat waa torn completely to pieces, and many persons were killed or severely injured. The deaths and personal injuries suataine<l, as far a* we hare been able yet to learn, are as follows:? Kii.i.xd ? James Spencer, second engineer; Waa. Tay lor, stoker ; Henry Wilson, fireman ; Henry Jarvis, (black,) fireman, cabin boy, name unknown. JMibhixu? Andrew Petersonn, steersman: Alee Tweet, (black). Rcauisd ? James Taylor, fireman. Hugiitlt Woujndid? Daniel Taylor, pilot. One man waa wounded on board the brig AmeTika. but not seriously. The brig was somewhat damaged, about ten feet of her bulwarks having been stove in by the falling ef the towboAt's chimney. The ships, as far as we could learn, were uninjured. The towboat J. P. Whitney was close by on her way np, and imt ediately dropped her tow, aud went to the assistants ef the McDaniels. She brought the wrecked boat, and the dead and wounded, np to the city, and the former is now lying below the Lower Cotton Press, In the Third District. The towboat la a mass of ruini, everything forwarl being torn to pieces, The cause of the sad accident i? not known, and it is doubtful whether it ever will be. The shief engieeer, who had but a few minutes before left the engine, state* that he tried the boilers, and there was plenty of water in them. The second engi neer, who relieved him, was instantly killed. One of the steersmen was blown from the wheel clear aft into the water, and was picked up uninjured by a boat from oneol the ships. Vh? we left the boat at dark last evenicg, the eon ner bad not yet commenced his investigations, aud the bodies or the five killed were lying in two of the cabin moms. One of them whom we saw was horribly mangled and scalded. The relatives and friends of the dec?ased crowded around the boat, and some of their lamentations were truly heart-rending. There was hardly a probability that the coroner weuld conclude his investigations last night, bnt we shall probably be able to give the result in onr evening paper. Illinois Insane HoapMal. The whole number of patients admitted has been 408. Of these SI 1 are males and 192 females? 222 were mar ried. while 181 were sii\gle or had lost their eorapaaions. Of the married 130 were females and 92 were males. Of the single 107 were males, and 74 were females. There were VU widows and 2 widowers. The supposed causes of insanity are a* follows ?Jea lousy 1, fatigue 1, bodily injury 1, masturbation 1, se duction 1, suppression of goitre 1, ntero gestation 1, dis ease of brain 1, scarlet fever 1, exposure 1, excessive tmbltion 1,. fever 1, neglect of husband 1, Illness ifter confinement 1, abused by husband 1, scarletina 1, Itajury by accident 1, chill and fever 1, cessation of men ses 1, menstrual suppression 2, pecuniary embarrass ment 2, loss of children 2, home sickness 2, lactation 2, sun stroke 3, hard work 4, mental afllictioa 4, mental anxiety 4, study of scriptures 4, intemperance 4, iatense study 6, spiritual tappings 7, epilepsy 9, injury ef head 12, ill health 15, puerperal 18, disappointed love 11, hereditary 1?, religions excitement 18, lUnese 20, domes tic aflliction 29, unknown 1M. The follewing statement shows tbe occupation and the number of male and female inmates of the institution ? Male. Female. Total. Hoisekeepert ? 140 144 Fanners 95 ? 96 Laborers 60 ? 50 Mechanics. SO ? 36 Housemaids. ? 27 27 Clerks ft ? ft Teachers.., ? 33 Merchants 3 ? 3 Pedlars 3 ? ? Tailoreseee ? 3 3 M ulsters 2 ? 3 ritudents 2?1 Physician 1 ? 1 lawyer 1 ? 1 Factory operative ? 1 1 Inknewn 11 13 34 Total 210 193 409 The stndy of the Holy Scriptures has produced, during the time of the establishment of the asylum, exactly as ? any insane men and women as the demon of intern peranoe has; and hard work, mental aflliction aa<l anxiety, have each been equally pernicious. Ttie Mlaaonrl Penitentiary. We have received the report of tbe Hoard of Inspes tors cf the Missouri penitentiary for the past two years. The physician. I>r. Curry, reports that the health of tbe prisoners has been remarkably good during the twe years past, with the exception or a alight attack of epi demic cholera. The warden, Mr. Cochran, reports that the buildings are now is a good condition, and that the prisoners are, with a few exceptions, obedient and orlerly. The chaplain, Rev. Thos. M Finney, expresses a hope In his letter that his labors have not -been altogether in vain The following table shows the number, birth and sex of the convicts ? Whole No. convicts... 109 Malss 20ft ?Africans 103 Females 4 Foreigners 100 ? Negroes # Total Indians 2 Pardoned 59 ? Ksesped 31 Total 209 Receptnred 7 At Urge 24 Served out sentence .. 70 Received in 1 85.} h ?54. 136 And the following were the crimes ef which they were convicted larceny. 117 Receiving stolen goods. 2 tlerytary and larceny. 19 Decoying slaves 2 Murder 23 Abduction 1 Robbery 14 Burglary. I Counterfeiting 2 Assault with intent to Forgery... 11 rob 1 Assault wtth intent t? Inceet 1 kill ft Rape 1 Arson I ? Manslaughter I Tetal 309 Leele Wapolooss and the Knmf HaChlaflfc* to THl EDITOR Or TBS MMBALD. Though act ? Mmbtr of the Know Nothing orgtaltt tion, I thlik it would w*U for tho una mail older which haa taken tha conn try. In charge, ar prefeaoo* tha ability to do io, to turn mmbo portion of lta attaation to tha " foreign influanea" which at ao distant day may be brought to baar upon thii nation under the dlreetio? of Louis Napoleon, now protector of hla BoUneaa the Pope, and from preaent appearances likalj to beeomo " Defender of the Faith" tha world over. It ia notorious that the suppression of tha Roman re public, and the restoration of the Pope to bia temporal dominions by mean* ot French armi, leeurad far Leoia Napoleon the favor of the Jesuits, and paved the way for the President to become the Emperor; a glance at th? progress thia cool ambitioui schemer Is making towards prostrating the Protestant l'oaere of Europe, and Bait ing under his leadership ail it* Catholic government*, will induce the conviction that he ia acting ander tha sanction of the Vatican; and if successful in hie under akings upon the European continent, will very likely be looking after the " interests of the Church" la the Western hemisphere; each Cardinal standa a chance ot being elected Pope. And ie not one of the Napoleon family a Cardinal ? Europe has religious aa well as political antagonisms, this is the key for understanding ito prerent political mysteries. Russia is the representee of the Greek Church: Eng land ana Prussia art- Protestant, while France and Au*-i trla are Catholic ? the present war U not a contest be tween despotism and liberty in any senso. but a struggit between the Greek snd Catholic churenes for the su premacy, in which the Protestant Powers will, with sui cidal perverseness, take opposite sides, and bo made tools i<f by both parties. This contest originated notat Constan tinople, but at Jerusalem ; and up to the prosent 100,000 llusselmana and Protestants have perished in the trench or upon the field, under the mistaken idea that they were laying down their lives in defence of their country oc of liberty. In the course of her diplomacy, Russia Insisted upon extending her protection ovor those subjects of tho sul tan who professed the same faith as aer own people. England and France supported tho Porte in rejecting this demand? ostensibly to preserve tho integrity ol Turkey, but really to serve their own ends: Louis Napo leon. to curry favor with tho Vatican and vent his hatred of the Czar? England, to conciliate and divert Napoleon, and protect her East India possessions. Protestant ana Catboli; armies have poured into the Mahomedaa oouo ? tries, aid fought the Russian. And what ia the result i Who has been the gainer V The Turk heartily wisher hla defenders olf the soil, and England report* her sad mistakes with intermingled corse* am! tears. Whether ber Catholic Premier, Abenleoa. hai been playing into the hands of Napoleon ia notyoicer< tain, but sure it is that to Napoleon alone will accrue all the honor if Sebastopol be taken, anl Russia forced tfl terms; for England having rotired frem tho trenchts, leaving France to do the fighting, and directing herself tc the transportation of the allied Cathqfic troops, will be no more entitled to share in ilie glory of their Victoria* than the muleteers and attendants connected with theii baggage trains. I'pon this war question Europe ia divided after thlr manner : ? On one hide is Russia, at present itaading alone, but firm and defiant. On the oth?r are now marshalled Catholic F'rance, Sardinia and Naples, with Austria, Belgi am, Spain snd Portugal (all Catnollc) ready to join in, When Germany engages in the struggle, it wiD bo to divide Its forces, Havaria, "Baden, aid tne southern Duchies, ranging themselves under the Catholic banner of Napo leou, while Prussia, and many Prptestoat State*, wii. join that of the Czar. England, to be consistent to hei present policy, must be aiding Catholicism, by inciting the northeastern Powers to ax sail Protestant Prussia and Northern Germany. Thus while the Greek and Catholic churches are each united, and contesting for power, the Protestant, divided against itself, will bo sub serving their purposes. Tbe question now very naturally arises as to whether the people of tbe L'nitcd States have any Interest in the combination! and movements taking place in the Old World, beyond that of mere lookers on . and to which of th? belligerent parties, it either, should their sympathies be direct*!. Manifest Is it, that however antagonistic their two sji tems of government, the United States and Russia cat have little occasion, for the rest of this century at leal4., to dread ?r oppose each other; tbe twoeanaot well eomt In hostile contact, and there are no eo- religionists it either country to txcite sympathy, or Incite to insurrec tion; but it is not so with tbe party Louis Napoleon re presents: Mexico and all Sont>i America aroGatnolis, ant) we have a large Catholic population within our own bor ders. Tbe British aristocracy and all the government! of Europe ba'e us with a deadly hatred, and whatevei tbeir religious and political dilterences, wonld not lift i finger to stay the subversion of our free government, In cited by the Jesuits and led on by tbe insatiable ambitioc of a Napoleon. There :s no foretelling what misihief a Catholic crutade, open or disguised, could effect against us. It is obvious, then, tliat we have a direct Interest lc the preservation of tbe balance of power in Europe; It otbrr words, we cannot with reason desire to we Russia crushed, and Napo>on triumphant: better for us by tar would it be thai Napoleon should be defeated Lot qui government, then, speak a sy mj atliiiing word to the GUr. and our Know Nothings keep a sbarp eye upon the craft j moves of Napoleon. A PROTECTANT. Later from New Mexico. Wa have received the Santa Fe Oazetu to the 27th ol January. On the 23d of December a massacre took plaoe by r party of Apache* and Utah Indiana, about one handrail a number, at the pueblo of Arkansa*. Foarteea mei were killed and two wounded, who were left fer dead ad three women aud two children were taken captive Great excitement ii now prevailing in Santa Ke on ac count af the general warfare and hostilities of the lu dians in the Territory. They swear vengeance again*' aM Americans and Mexican*. ()a the 20th January, Captain Newell, of the Flrr Pragoen*, bad a fight with toe Mescarilla Apachef ii the Sacramento mountains, and killed twelve India y* Hia lota waa one officer, Captain ilenry W. Stanton, ao> three private*. General Garland ha* called Into aervlee Ave com paaies of volunteers for *tx month*. in conaeqnenc of hostilities by the Indians in the Territory. Ha recom mends to t cngrru to defray the expeore*. Col. Claude Jones has arrived in Santa Fe, and en tered.npen the dutiea of hi* office. An'expres* arrived from Galeste the day before thi mail left flaata Fe, stating that 400 Apache* aad I'tabi were coming in to take the town by torce of arms, thi Governor giving him comfort by telling him to go bomi aad protect bis family. lisut. Sturge* also bad a fight with the Apache* slaty miles from Santa Fe, and routed them, fecapturiuf stolen stock. 1 he Governor i* very much censured In Santa Fe an< the Territory of New Mexico, on account of his diaap proval of I be active course taken by the people of tbi Territory to enpprea* the Indian*. Major Cunningham, Paymaster, waa knocked down Ii hia quarter* by three ruffian", an 1 while iaaeniibJc frou the blow, the key of the safe waa taken froa hia pocke and robbed of $40,000. Jos* Chart* wa* also robbed o $2. 000. Numerous other theft* have been committed. AN AFFRAY IN T&K H0U8H OP BKFKMBNTATIVW. An unfortunate affray took place in the hall of th< House, onihursday, January 4 During the debate upor the Governnr'* message, vetoing tbe Volunteers' flam paif n bill, some offensive personal remark* passed be tween Measr*. Ramirez and Miguel Pino. After tb< House bad adjourned, these two gentlemen ram* tog? tlier, aad were talking the matter over In rather an ex citod manner. While thus engaged. Mr. Faeando fin ) tfee Speaker, dereended from the Speaker'* rhair, ap proaohed tee parties, and (truck Mr Kamtrez twio> with a large cane, with force enough to knock hia down, after which be drew a pistol from his pecict; baj before any further harm could be done, the bystanoer rushed in and interfered. Mr. Ham ret wa* quite ** nonaly wounded, but not dangerously *o, and was lui mediately taken to hi* quarters. Tlie Fire In Philadelphia. The Philadelphia liuUttin gives the following particu lara of the Cre which occurred in that cltf on tbe Is instant ? The first story of No. 160 was occupied by James H Orne, dealer a carpets and oilcloths. A strong party o police under Meat Hatley took charge of tne buildW aad many of the goods of Mr. Orna were removed t< Jones' liotei, while a large portion were carried to a om story rtrueture in the rear of the main building, wnicl if, however, a continuation of the store The stock ? carpets, Ac. , escaped the flamm, bat they were mnct damaged by water A heavy stock of oilcloths wind was in the basement suffered badly. the second story of the build ng wa* oscupied hi Mc(4ee* k (iermon, daguerreety plats, and by Keller I Bright, publishers of toy booas, valenUaes He. Thi fire originated in the apartment occupied by the la* iioMd firm, and th*ir stock of plates, Ac., wa* total!] destroyed. The third story wa* used by Csa* Oakford far ttoria* bat*. Nothing wa* saved from that pcrtlon of th< bailing Met l?e* fc Oermun ui-ed the fourth .torv a aa operating r?."m. The block of buildings, of whirl the ene destroyed was a part, belonged to Juaeph Fran cis Fial.er. The origin of the fire is attributed to a defective f!u< frem a heater 1 he flames wb*n first discovered o^m plea but a small spa r in the floor ol the apartment oc copied by heller h Bright Ihe damage to the buildings I* estimate 1 at troa $15,000 to $V0 000 Fully insured Mr < rne had aa insurance of $*0,000 on hi* stock, Ir different < tties in the L'nited Htaten and Kaglaad. H ' loss is rstini*t*<l from 916,000 to 120,000. MrOee, k Germon estimated their stoek, tr at I', P06. Aho.it t'0<i worth ol goods were saved. The Irn is insured for $f?.0<'0. I'r Oakferi estimates the value of the geod* b?lon<i ing to him tl at were stored in the third story of No. 1*' v and entirely destroyed, at $*,000. There was an laanr aoce et 14 i?0 upon them. Tie ?hole of No. l&S I* occupied by Mr. Oakfor foj his tat si i re an I manufactory, ills strwk suffer e* severely from water, but tte los* 1* covered by in surtnc*. James Couenhoven matic dealer, and John C. umith piano dealer on the first flocr of No 184, *ofT?red kj water to the extent of about $'.><10 ?ach No insurance The en ire loss hv this r inffagratloQ will probably n< be ler>- than frrm $' 4,000 to $(* ,000. Of thi* sum ahou $50,000 Is 'mured There was no battlement wall between Vos 1?0 an 1 58, or t lie roof of tte Utter would have aaeaj^.1 Those buildings are aUn fjrn.ahed with wooden r nlces, wl.ich were found to communicate the tlagp*> admirably. The j artition wall between No?. Iflo and 182 was crack ed in the four h rtory either by the action of the hes cr 1 y the fall n* of limber- ag?m?t it Hie #re wor*? Its way through these ? rs k * an I barred the ba< k of s bcokcase s'an. r* against the wall, Th* llauics (fid t* further damage to this bailing.