Newspaper of The New York Herald, June 21, 1855, Page 13

mmi or m tm at iiupu. TIREE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. ADDITIONAL DETAILS BY THE ST. LOUIS. Recommencement of the Bombard ment of Sebaetopo). Terrible Battle between the French and Bnssians* The Mamelon and White Tower Taken by the Allies. INTERESTING FROM CHINA AND JAPAN. Oir London and Madrid Correipondenee. inFIOfBRERT 11 CO1SOL0. The Cotton Market Steady. ADVANCE IN CORN, ac~ *?., a?. 1BMVWIAL BY TIB ST. LOOTS* At late 6*7 of Tunis, Ahmed, ni mot mocro than t.'lj yomrt of age. about two yoaro ago bo had ma attack of apoplexy, by which ho *u ta yut paralysed, mad it io yiobaUo that him death baa boon the consequence of that attack. Mohammed Boy, who has baoa long eon sMered am the^egitimate hour of hia comoin, mad who is mow oa tho thrcme, la 44 yours or ago, mad it regarded with groat respect both by tho aatioo mod European papulation. A letter from Viemam, of the 31?t alt, in Vou's 0a *?tU, amy a ?Seme of tho ahipownori of Trieste hare applied to the goToraveat to have tho month of tho Saline cleared by atoam dredging ?schiaee; bat am aoaoo ttaao will elapse before may decision will be come to oa the aabjact. tho lioyd'a Company have decided on seml tog a a tram tag to araiat tooooIo in tho moantiaoo. Tho feUow.ag distiagniahod Americana ware present b Parle The Hoc. Mr. Hedge, M nietor to Spain ; the Boa. Mr. O'fiuUivaa, Miaietcx to Portagol; tho Hsn. Mr. flhss, Miaietor to Rome; tho Hon. Mr. Belmont, Minister totheBegne; the Hon. Mr. Fay, Minuter to Switzer land. M. Van Baron, ex-President, ia oa the point o.' lea. tag Patio for the raited States. It ia slatsd in the Mirror that? Horace Greeley woo arrested ia Paris oa tho 2d o' Jaae, and kept is the debtor's pnaon till Monday, at tho mataaeo of a French exhibitor at tho New York Crystal Palace, whoee goods bung broken mad injured, thought proper to sae for damage* ; tho drat director who preseated himself being Greeley, he woe arrested The emit was hoard oa the 4th of Jane, when Greeley was, of course, tot at liberty. The Tribune says Mr. Greeley was arrested at the salt of a sculptor named Lcelcrc. It seems that Led ere had mat here a statue which he Talced at 1'2,(00 frwncr, and for this ?am ho brought a suit against Mr. Greeley. He warn arrested and takes before the proper Court at abaut 4 P. M*. en Saturday afternoon, and there the parties agreed to take a* bail, for hia appearance for trial, Mr. Piatt, the Amsrican Secretary of Legation. They then proceeded to the office of that geatlemao, bnt whoa there tho plaintiff suddenly re'ased to take him as bail, en the ground that his official stmt en exempted him trem arrest. Other seruritv was offered but refuted. Mr. John Monroe proposed to pay in the money sa a guar votes ; a trial was had, and the tribunal dismissed the com plaint and discharged the defendant. In this protean Mr. Greeley OBjojed the advantage ef two daya expe rience in jail, mad Hr. Leclerc the profit of paying the easts. The personnel of the French embassy la Loadoa hue been almcst entirely changed si ace the departure of his HaeeDeacy the Couat Watowski. It ia now composed as follows :?The Count do Persigay, ambassador; M. Charles Baudkn, first secretary; the Count de Jaucoart, second sesrstnry; the Count do Cnindordy, paid attache; 54. Paul de Mani:aalt, attache; M. )e Bum do Caderounee Gramont, attache. A correspondent ef the Lire-pool Eotnts, writing from Gibraltar, May 24, say*: This bemg the anniversary ef bar Majesty'* birthday, the royal standard was hoisted at the Beck Gun battery. Ragged Staff, New Mole, and Bare pa flagstaff's, at day break, and the signal station was adorned with a variety of flags, as wall as her Ma josty'e steam-stoop Medusa, American frigate Cambsr and, Commodore Strlngbtm; stsem frigate Sarsnvs, Captain I-ong; freight ship Lancashire W.tch, var.oas steamers and other vessels in the bay, aad several houses to the gorrsea. At 12 o'clock, aorn, royal salutes were ?rod from the Rock batteries, the United State* frigate Cumberland, and from the fort of fit Junes' at Alge otose, and a ftu A* jolt by the troops, who were review ed by his Excellency the Governor, at the North trout. According to the German newspapers, the Russians have placed Odessa in a stats of most formidable defence. M to as strong, if not stronger, than Sevastopol; It said to bo able ta support a siege, whether nude by sea or load,to be most strongly garrisoned: and to be defended besides by a detached corps of 50,000 sws. to the Admiralty Court of Leaden, Jane 5, the matter ad the American ship James < beiton was decided by Hooter Lushing too. This American vessel, having been abandoned at tea, was fallen in with about 2,000 ndles fsem land, in a very leaky state, by the Marabou, btuod frem Bombay to Liverptol. After pump eg the vessel, ton of the crew of tho Mafatboo, out ef twenty-three, were placed ea heard tb* James Caeston, by whom she was navigated te Liverpool an eighieen.daye, and reached there before the Marathon The value of the property solved was ?56,COO. Dr. Hsfgard and Dr. Deans appeared for the salvors; D*. Adduce aad Dr. Twin fcr the owners. The learned Judge sold that, net holding himself bo am i by nay rule as to the proportion ef tbe va'ue to b* given for salving a dereUet, he would award ?17,000. The general in com.mind of the Russian a-my in thv Baltic recently inspected the fortifications of Riga,"Revel, aad PeznsB. The armaments, by hie direetion, are to be considerably iacreused along the lneofcosst. Th. Russians ars reported to eonisdsr that Revsl it the as Jit Mkely place ta be attacked by tbe fleets ef Enzlaad and Fiaaoc. Revel, according to an opinion stated te have been given tost year by General Jenve, ie deemed eves strciftr thai. Swevberg. Oar London Correspondence. Ixivdon, June 6, l&tl. PaThemes; Mens Again?Adjourn .d OeJba-'r on ike War? Off,, ml S'aUntems?Final Closing of At Vienna Oonfc ranees? Atisiria t ''Erperan"' DipUmatit Slang?Fur Aer Sucess'i of At AlHtt?Syiienhun ? Miscellaneous Intelligence? Pi> Latest Ntvot. rf". ftr&unat mst .^gv.a last night, and the debate on At wax tu agile resumed? sad tgu a adjourned, Bar tng't motion being under d.seuaaioa?that i?, as amend ment open Disrael.'e, we I eh waa rejected, u yea here already keen in'oroed, by 100. A few rUtcieente at in tercet were made in the Hjom. be the IertTe. in reply te Lord Albemarle, Lrrd Graurl.le rioted that the Rnaiian gOTornment, in e recent circular, bed miareproaentod tbe > ne ef conduct par rued by Gap! Wetiaa in declaring the bleikndo o' the porta is the Bnllte. In the Onmmona, I'atmerit n declared that or dare bed been esnt to Vienna to close the eanferrntoi. In feet, era learn by telegraph that en Monday, 4th Jane, the Vena conferences ware ferraa'ly dissolved, after a sitting which laeted an hour and a half. There wee no gsoettea ef eountar-propositions. So that aoap bubble bee buret. What Anetria w'Jl do now puzziee people. The laet notice ia that" aha will assume an expectant attitude." Dtpleaaatiata are certainly akilful in Hading new words to enrich what Palmerston very aptly chara: tori zed as * diplomatic slang.'' Anetria baga the Frankfort Diet not te liattn to the Russian prepooal te maintain the interpretation g>v*n to thetwepointa en condition of all Germany remaining ?astral?net te sacrifice the into recta of Barepe to tbe Wteieaie ef Germany ; but, at tbe same time, hlnte that Vber laet prepeeala te the Waiters re were are not ne eepted, it ma f influence her intentiesa and riewa with regard te the ?aatern question. She baa iaaned ne leaa ?as fanr ciranlara lately, the laet ef which, dated the May aaya aba will aeinme "the expectant atti tsde." Maastime, the anaeeaaea ef the alliea la the Biaak Fes bad in the San ef Aaef, aseaeed each MM mp*ly brttk, inM, Cttttahl, fertoask, In* ill Ihi mcuM by tl* RuiMsn*, two ImM ut brt; MttUit tmhI mi ln> war rtnoin de Iti??*t, oil tl* MH ?gsrtnoe burnt, pad toe pcortMono ef the im; in the Crimen rat iff. K mmu, iUo, tlit th* Russian fortresses en tfe* **ut of C1nm*1i will aUfalL Pinltp win shortly bo visited by tbo itenss flotilla. Is addition to tkli, wo expect to boor orory doy of o greet battle boforo flebnstepol. Tbo Reseiane u* certainly la oa uncomfortable po sition, m too army rolled upon too ttoros of Aaoff for ptevUtone. Moreover, toe army of too oJUoo will bo 00 excited by toeao repeated enccecsee, toot seme poet otteaept ?01 be made. FtLaaler ia oaxieoa to goia bio Field Morebol'a baton, oad the Sardinian* to wla their opore. It ie obaoet needles* to eoy toot toe ao<re from tbe Eaot oboerbo every other intoWgease, yet o stranger to London weald little hove thought Sag land woe ot war, if, unaware of too fact, bo bad boea here oa Saturday. There wae a grand horticultural diaplay at tbe Crystal Palaeo, at Sydenham, fle might have seen ministers of war and opposition members dlseeaalag tbe merits of a rose, or some rare plant, as if tbe welfare of tbe em pire depended upon it, aad aa if there wae no each thing as Rneeto. Smiling faces, gny paraaele, dandy bon nets, muele, scents and flowers, were tbe order cf tbe cay. Our latest news from Sobaetopol Is of Sundsy night; bat fsr what any ens knswe to tbe contrary, Lord Rag lan and Lord Panmare may, at this very moment, be clotting with each other?one at Sebastopo) and the other in London. G;iti has resumed her bold on toe British public, and again reigns queen of the Opera. Alboni was to have mng yesterday at the Crystal Palace, bat disappointed the public by net appearing. Tbe French are fortifying Kami each. Omr Madrid Correspondence. Madrid, Jane 1, 1856. Pefcual Intrigues smi Conspiracies?The Insurrection a'. Saragossor? Declaration of Martial Lave?Disctusion in (As Cartes on the Mrjrrettive Powers Asked by Govern wienl?Extensive Conspiracy Discovered in Madrid? Intrigues of the Spanish Clergy?Disgracful Scenes in a Church?Financial Difficulties of Spain, <?o., ?fc. The meet interest'.eg topis in Msdrld at present is the agitation caused by the conspiracies discovered within these lest few days in this Court and at other points ef the rerinsula. On the 22d ef May the govern ment received the news thet two companies of infantry, stationed in Saragoeea, with a regiment ef cavalry of the earns plaee, had revolted and left that city, seeking the road to Calataynd, where seme ef the people had already pronounced, (evidently a concerted movement) crying " Viva la religion!"?" Death to the heretics!"? " Viva Carles eeeto I" Before continuing it ie proper to state that eily ens officer was with toe Infantry, and one?tome say two?with the cavalry, neae ef the rest having had anything to do with the affair. This news produced a great sensation here amongst the people, la tbe government aad in the Cortes, so much so that the Ministry hastened to declare nader martial law?that la to eay, ? objecting all criminals to the military tribu nals?the districts ef the captslae-generala of Navarre, Bargee and Arrngon, and immediately asked tbe Cortes for authority to impend the gaarantoee of the new con stitution, and to suppress any journal which might In any way favor the cause of toe new Pretender, and at tack that ef liberty and toe throne of Isabel II. Tbe discussion ef this vote ef confidence has been con tinued since then up to yesterday. The ultra " pro gresKiitas" and toe democratic fraction have oppoaed it, ae contrary to the liberal principles which they prefect, the " moderades," ae uncalled for and excessive. How ever, y*st?rday it passed by a veto ef 124 to 49. In Madrid a vast conspiracy has been discovered, evi dently a ramification ot the movement in Saragosaa, and en the night ef the 28th many arrests were made, gene rally officers en half pay, formerly known as Carlisle, whom toe silly end reseally ' moderadoe" had allowed to re enter the army, in order to create partisan* for themselves against the liberate and " progressists*." Also many gentry ef toe cassock were seized?priests, curates, and sacristans: amongst the priests, ehaplsins ?f the Pslacs, and ethers of toe same creed. The gov ernment fer this reason is right to invsst itself with extraordinary powers, in order to be able to remove and banish, from one part ef the Peninsula to any ottasr, all these who are attacking it and tbe constitution which It defends. It is net stcange that amongst tbe fattion in Arragou ?for the most part eenntry pesple?the cries cf ''Death to to* heretics," -'Long live the religion," should be heard; en tbeeontrary. it is very natural. These words, these cries, are put in their moutba by the clergy. The Spanish clergy are eminently etapid, perverse and fero , tious. and will never acquiesce in laws which depr.ve them ef property, and tone of the means to support themselves in idleness and vice. The "moderadoe" petted the clergy tee much, in order to propitiate them la their favor against the 'progressistae," not thinking or forgetting that, not keeping their wings close clipped, they would again soar and fly out in favor of despotism. This clergy is a rampant lion, which mast bs cheeked; if net. It will tear ne to pieces. Amongst thsir vain re course* to excite th* multitude against the law ef re lease from mortmain, they even pretended that a cruei fix. or Christ srmclfled, in the charch of the oxtiact order ef Franciscans had sweated blood, opened its mouth aad eye*, and performed virions other teats of this nature. Women rushed shrieking from the church, crying cnt this nonreuse, tbe neighborhood waearoueed, and the authorities obliged to take toe matter in hand, and arreet the authors of this imbetile attempt. With respect to the military expeditions against tbs rebels, nothing decisive has as yet transpired. It is trne that some of tboae revolted in Arragou?probably on their way te join tbe rebel cavalry?have been beaten, and many priseoeis bare been taken, other parties dispersed, &c ; bat it is not less trne that when one is trolen up another appears?that the government having to comentente numerous forces in Arragou may fin 1 itself menaced in other province!, and that in toe midst of these efforts to preserve public crJer it ie forced to leave unattended other and imperious wants of the administration. In the meanwhile, the questions ef the forced an' I p*-orv lean and the sals of church lands, At., are ? ?? zed: nctcdy thick* ef anything but Carlists?the ,< .o hc to fear tbem. and the gov?.-anient to pnran* thvn The national militia is increasing every day, and this 1 feree, which assisted i o well to consolidate the constitu tion. now wills witn gre?t enthusiasm to defeat the Carlisle. The pnbli: funds have gece down considerably, and although the remaining provinces of Spa<n are for tbe present tranquil, there exist fears that the spars of Si Tigo *a may take in other parte, and raise a flams diffi curt to extinguish Seen lathe state of the country, emitting details, which weald net interest yea. FX CID THE WAR. TEE AXLJED POSITION IN THE BE A OP AZ'JFF. TBEIB IMrO^TAMCE, kVD W0IT AAT BE EFKECTBD. [Prom the London Vesre .lute 6 ] It it probable that the lute thought hu been in the mind el every aecompl-sbed historical student in En$ ' ?nd and Frsn ,-e .inc. tte arrival of the now. of tui ?? taken pl.t. in tb. *ca of Azoff. Men who know tae outcry of that mi ore wondering whether the net of u? ?re it el! awsre of tbe pro jutloae importance of whet y k? teen gained, and of what may be done with toe ad vantages which the conquest puts in oar power. It ?tmr oe if very few people coald appreciate all this, or we should not bar. been so ex-.hixively occapied wit i tto isteiert of Sebeetop.d. It is tine that the entire eirsnit of Black fee interests appears to depsnd on S> baatopol, whence were eent the men and Material for the erection of the fourteen Raieian forte en the Circas sian eoa.t, and whence have proceeded all the three taw ing) which have awed the coaata of Turkey, bom in 4aia and Europe. But, with all thia, the eoaamaod of the Saa of Azoff nay he made, by able lotneremeut, at lea it a* important to the ends of the war as tbe roloc tien of Sebaatepol Indeed, when we ran ever the ?c qunit.one ef Ratals e oca tbe t me af the Czar Pa'.er, and the conditions no ler (which their betaro^eaerun populations art held, it really appears aa if tbe hi 'r had come, by meant of this laet tutcaaa, for turn.u/ hack the eeoree of Russian aggreri on. an) restoring other people than Turk* to peaee, aecur ty and inde pendence. It ie no imail matter that mall communication Is . it elf between Rneeia and tae Caucasus, and all that 1st below. >o Itut.ia1 skip can carry mail* in 'he B!a k Ota now tke route by Krrtch it ilopp'd. The clrtnlt oy AzofT ie enormous: and seen that road can no longer b* safe. There are three new veseole nt present In the C*? pltn, we are told, and they mast be net n llt-le wen-.< new that the inland rentes are rendered im prattle able or extreiMly hazardene Sow ie tbe tne for an allUn ? with Bebamyl, and for preparing for effective warfare in Asiatic Turkey. Georgia ie thoroughly disaffected and Georgia may obtain independeeee whenever ?h* pleases, from the day that Rnsein is deprived of tb* military road oTer the Caucasus, and left without net ether b ghwar than the Carpian. Under tome ent cipaticn of what ie sow taking p'ate, Russia has pa', mere vessels of war than of commerce on the Oixpiai ?hat thie resource dote net seem to have dona her much good. She could not have ihu* far bald fit Trans-Caucasian provinces without ber well goa-dad inland rend. We may now compel ber to show whether the water rente wlb serve her turn. If tkt trio* Ikt ctrruitoui route, by Taoanrtg and Azoff, for mailt and iroopt, ike it liable to the incaV-ulal'?? ritkt involved in Ik/ ditafectlan ef the Oottaekt of the Kuban. The route can - net be traversed but by the aid and good will of then ? await; and email is the geod-wtH they bear to Roseia. Made soldiers against their wML tnny are ready to aw the first opportunity ef returning te their old escapi tions of herdsmen, grsziere and agrienltnrtite. It recti with ne te g.vw them the off.r of independence or return te the sway ef the Porte, and to nUUaeo with tho area* ill da. Important as this fe, there is eemethiog more so. W? noed rot remind ear rendore that the poeeesoore of Kert-h are lords of tho highway to fcmpheroMl, and maetare o tbe land road to tho kRn?eia? mainland. These facts speak fee themselves. Hew will care much for our hav ing tho beat sturgeon in the world In our net. Caviar* isinglass 'and sturgeon are levying "Oome sat me" to suui England and Vrnnoe; fee nowhere io the sturgeon so Cat sad a# abundant as in the shiny waters of the la?f Nt. That, Itim, la a Ml*; and the store# af WIMJMtbaaltU WMk, kNNN lb* llMfclM will kin all they nan, ?r chohe IMr shallow# by coat ing their iiibui Ma tha aaa. Bat there la another i?anitjy rtlck it U of owtiani importunes (or oa to I toy our ll*i| a pen?**4 that la tad. The oaljr aaal prodaesd la Bnaato la from the mines of Bakmeut. It la uUnctta aaal, aat aay k*sd; but of inestimable ralua aow that Baaaia aaa eat ae ethae. M la aa a?y aaattar to laffl; the itouain aa the Ossplaa with wood; aad if wa aaa tha opportunity which sppears to preoeat itoalf far stopping tha carriage af thia aaal by tha Donots, tha i Don aad tha Vaiga, wa ahall gira a tarn to tha aoaw by which Russian prodaeUon la kept down, through the laopoosibfltiv el her imparting aaaL Thia la only eoe of the aanaeqaaaoea af that dtaaf factios af tha Soath Ruoaian proriaoaa in which may saw possibly ha fenad tha wiaaaa af elasiag tha war. Tha wiaan af iahahltanto af all thaaa preriacea, while difisriac in alaaaat overy oanaairahla tea pact la race, la faith, in history, and in aspiration?agree in the eaa feeling. that tha Caere af Maaeory hare aa haainaaa aaaoag them. Tha peep la af tha Kabaa, toek iag back mournfully to their annexation in 1788, are of the aaaae mind with tha tribe# af the Dnieper, who lock back to tha data af 1774; aad with tha Tartar* of tha Crimea, wha an beginning to feel experimen tally, aa wall aa to aay speculatively, that Raaaia hca no haainaaa there. Their atoto of mind may bo interpreted by tha clearly known facte af tha edmen tion aad public aantimant af tha inhabitant# af tha Ukraine, at least aa far north aa Kharbaff. Wa knew tha disturbed state of that pert af tha Char's domi nions at the present time; ant wa ahenld remember also their habitual condition af discontent with Rus sian swar. It is d very well to toy the blame of the existing or aay other particular fnsnrrestloa on tho losses of people by tho war, the stoppage of pro duction and eommeroe, and tho abstraction of men, carta and horses, ana so forth. All thia may be eery true; but it la also true that tha paaple of Little Russia are alwaya In a state of ehroale rabslHoa. that thsr bring up their children in sympathy with the Poles and hatred of tho Muscovites, aad in expectation of a millennium when Poland shall be restored, and Maloiossia be 5 an independent Stats in alliaaoo, aa of old, with Poland. It must bo remembered that thsee people, looking out for a hope, and ready to rise with a word, (especially if that word bo " Poland,") hare a lan M, a history, and a literature of their own, aad are nbsr ton millions at tha least. They are tho natu ral harrier between Russia and tho Black Sea; aad if a line of principalities bo hut made from Hungary to As tiachan, tho Maferoeefens will, if wa may judge by their old history and present state of mind, be abundantly able to keep their link of tho chain unbroken. Crossing tho Dniester, wo eome to a province mors disaffected still, If that bo possible. Before tho ant break of tho present wsr, tho people on one side of the Fruth pined in irritation ana sen at tho spectacle of the ho prosperity an tha other aide. The Besaareblans, annexed to Russia so lato as 1P12, have fsH ever since that there waa no natural raiaan why they should not bo aa prosperous aa tha Moldavians. Tho conditions of all but political Mo are tho same on either side of toe river; and it waa Russian rule which mads Bessarabia miserable while Moldavia waa flourishing. It appears that same attempt ia about to bo made to drive back the Russians in Bessarabia. Ws hope the province win to cleared of them; and that then the Allies will see that Moldavia and WaUaehia are cleared of tho Austrian* One end of a chain of principalities being thus made so ible deed to carry it oa to cue, it would bo a noble deed to carry it oa to oar newly acquired station on tho Sea of Asoff From the head of that lea we may lend the cry of releate and independence echoing fron\ tribe to tribe toutheaitwardi, to the very chore of the Ootpian, and weettoardi to the border of Hungary ?freeing the Euxims from Russian domination, while leaving the highway of that sea open to Russian, as to ail other oommeree. and thus providing for Russia's reel advance in clvtUzatioa. There la no apparent re a ton why all this should not ho done. Formerly, there waa a lion in tho path of this jnMculatioa ; and that groat terror waa flebas topol. We have the lion In tho tolls. and we mean to chain him aad draw hie daws. That done, no other tnterpriee so difficult remains. By propitiating tha in habitants, and establishing a genuine and kindly com munication with them, wo may have them for allies; the frontier line of the Cur Peter may be restored, aad the third point be settled, very effectually, ia a much shorter time than by Vienna conferences, now happily at an end. Such may be, if the alUea choose, tha prodlg'oue con seqntnoes of tha vary easy enterprise af taking Kertoft, aad riding tha 8ea of Aioff. This is evidently the tide in the affsirs of tho war which, taken at tho flood, may lsad on to fortune; to a bettor fortune than any aggrandise >t of tho mighty English and French nations; to a re >els tribes aad nations from tho tyranny of lease of whole tribes aad nations from tho tyranny the grasping end bated Czars of Muscovy. A letter received by a commercial hons# of Marseilles announces that the Russian government had purchased, on different points of tho Sea of Azoff, 600,000 chstwerts, or 600,000 horse loads of wheat, for tho supply of its allied far army. The possession of that see by the allied farces will consequently deprive the Hear of those provisions, the want ef which will be the more severely rait, as the eropa in ths Crimea are likely to prove this year a com piste fedora. IMPORTANT MOVEMENT OF THE RUS3IAN3 IN GERMANY. ?. ANOTHER NOTE-POLITICAL CHECKS OF NAPOLEON ? CHANCES OF POLAND?FBOBABLK ANNOYANCE OF KECTRAL VESSELS IN THE NORTH SEA PORTS [P*rii {June 1) correspondence of tbo London Tines.] Ia a former letter 1 alluded to the intrigue* carried on throughout the whole extent of Germany ia the latere**, of Rania, and the elforte made by Prussia to bring about sa armed neutrality of the whole of the Statiso the confederation. Besides the note of H de Nesielrode I understand that lMtruetlons in the form of a memoir have been drawn up with tv at object at St. Petersburg The first part only emanates from the Chancery of M de Nesielrode; hat there are postages and arguments which must base been added since, an they loe, ae they are founded on facts that are of recent occurrence, and thoee parts are attributed to a person of French origin, of coaside table talent, but ei small political probity. My inform ant does not say whether the memoir* has been address ed to the various Cabinets as a piece a oowulter, or whs ther it has been intended exclusively for the Russian agents ss n repertory of argument* and reasonings ready at hand to be usel in support of the question of the armed neutrality whieh they are charged with ad vocating at the different courts. The memoire com mences with a long deyslopement of the thesis that the concession* mads by Ruisit in tbo Vienna Coufsren-.es on the first and second points, give complete satisfaction to German interests, and leave them no good reason for interfering In the war, and of associating themselves with what it terms the unjust crussde of the Western Powers. It next touches on the last change* which have taken place In the administration of France, aod draws the necessary ooneeaoence from them. The re tirement of M. Droayn del'Huys, the nomination of H e. de WalewsU and Persigny, the formation of a foreign le gion, the Polish demonstrations, Ac., are all presented as a series of facts whieh ars Intimately connected one with the other, and which seem te be the result of political influences far different from thoee which prevailed pre viously. It appears that, at first, no great importance was attached to these modifications. Suddenly, how ever, the question became mnsh more important? it became of Ku root an interest?and the change of persons in the political and military direction of the straggle new go ng on assumed vast proportions. The name of Poland ia put forward; an appeal is mat# to nationalities: rebels sre enrolled as soldiers; and to this are adoeJ the manifestations, and the CV.artorUky a<l dtess is followtd by the letter of General Kyblnsky. And who, it asks, can ho deceived as to the meaning of the letter of the ex-General-ln Chief of the Polish armr in 1831? It was evidently ooneerted between tho Chief of tBe French govern in ent and the General; its expression* wsr* selected with care, and the effect it was likaly to produce was calculated beforehand. Moreover, the Chief of the Frenah government, by inserting that letter ia his official organ imparted to it an authentic eharac ter, a value of a political kind. Poland cade to hor aid the French empire and the French empire calls on Po land. There is, therefore, a latent contrset, an implicit affiance. It ia, in po'nt of feet, an intimation to Russia that the French empire proposes to reconstitute, as an isdependen" rtate, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw?it ia aa iatimetion Prussia and Auatr.a taat the natural de pendents of the Grand Duehy bear the geographical ap portion cf Uuehy of Poeen and Provln:e or GcJlicla. Tbs French Emperor, proviso himself impotent in the Crimea, neks another battle-field, and a powerful lever against Russia, with which he is at wsr. against the hesitation* of Austria, and against the unwiTingness of Prussia?bo thinks be has found it in Poland, whieh is the ever ready instrument of rebellion, and whioh alooe presents some chance of success. Rvsu though the French Kmperrr did not resolve tc make use of it, his position would force him to to so. Must not every government partake ef the aataro of its origin? In presence of the elements of reiiatanes, which may endanger his exist taco. tbo elective km per or win net hesitate to adopt a revolutionary policy again*; th* heredltsry emperors; and this in particular should be tsksn iato careful oon siderat on at Vienna, at Berlin, sad in all the legitimate Courts. The Emperor Napoleon cannot wish to continue a disastrous struggle, without r> >pe of aucoess on inoU lOBII " " ~rr* " tad points of tho Black flea, of White Sea, aod of Kamp sebatcba; if he did so h* wo.-Jd put his throne la dan ger Be must have a war on a more favorsble theatie, aod which by ite character would be moat popular with th* nation. Pclsnd is n theatre of th* kind so dear to France, and it is there that hs le resolved to act. It is not possible to attack and revolutionise Russian Po land without atto-ktog and revolutionising at th* earns lime the Polish province* dependent on Austria and Prussia. Th* intention ef raising thoso proviness is openly avowed, and th* language of the journals of lord Palmereton leaves no doub* on the subject; have they not audaciously thrown ia the face ef the Vienna and Berlin Gnblne's the Polish and Hungarian natioo alries? Has it aot hesn said that England and France bad ample materials to revise the map of Rurope, aod that so on* should be surprised to see toeea made use o*. It behoves, therefore, the Courts ef Garmaay, and paiti.ularly these of Vienna and Berlin, to eossider wbstler they resolve to risk their existence on thee* revolutionary movements, or to form agaiast It an al Maaea whieh shall paralyse and annihilate it completely: tneb tn alliance Is the only hop* of safety. The Cabi net of St. Petersburg hopes that the Germanic States will clearly uader^ffd that. " j unter-toffd that. If, unfortunately, suih an anisic* be not formed. RnaslawiU then aeeompUeh, even to th* last, and alone If necessary, her duty and her part 1th?*-' ~ r aa a conservative power, and this dnty she win perform to the last extremity. She will consent to no compromise on tils question of Poland and of nationalities, any mere than she will on that of tho limitation of hor me rit) me feroea, and whieh she oonsidera a* another viola ticn of her sovereign righto. On th* question of the reduction of th* Russian asvy the memoire enters Into n series of arguments ten ling to promo that the oxlstoaeo of a formidable Russian fleet in the Blaek Ben ia n guarantee for th* equilibrium of El rope and th* independence ef th* Porto. Tn? me moire directs attention particularly to thie coin-.. It msin'alna that a satotary counterpoise is absolutely ne resssty against th* preponderance of th* Western ooli tic*, whieh new envelope* Europe on every side: that the talanoe la endangered by the influence of Franc* and Is gland?tho** waited nations whose float* tra verrs svsrv f*a, and wbosa garrison* are te bt found Iin ivory eflutry. That unnatural coalition ? heavily on all tho Cabinet* Of Europe; it pot* forth IS wWh tho independent)* ef id It for*** into nuwIlMar ?vigoaeie* la compatible th* ?eeendury fitotoo, and It for*** iato mwilling ictien antral fit*tee, Re. Aa to Turkey, she now herself ?ompktaly ti tM 55 af Br h k? mm? u m %mdm Wt ? HH RIMPlf f**M k* WwMri Iki enly terbakaciag the eeerettive ?Mel reigns npnM at Oonstaat^^^^H^^^H la to Ms feud to the existence of leeiiltoeMi Uatoil faroa as aa indirect protection to to ienni(Bt]r to Ab <il MedjM, ud to Ktog Otho, to This irtat io dwelt ?? at mech kngth to the memoire, and to ufuatBU wpltjid aia aaM to tow proeaoed touch effect at Vtaa na, Barlto, Uuaich, Dresden, aad to tha Soaadtaaviaa kingdom. 1 mait not stolt to smatton that a passes* to tha pa per* touches on tha propesittoa to Lard Albsmarie, not Manly as raapaatiag German interests, hat atoa thoaa of tha States of the aarth aad wart to BaropT. That pro paaitioa la interpreted aa a direct attach aa Prussia, aa a positive menace to tha Scandinavian Pa warn, tha Haa ?aatlo cities, Holland, Belgium, he. It la true, it adds, | that tha piopaatUon has bean rejected, hat it at; ha brought aa agate; and aaea adapted, it woald consummate tha rain of Prussian catoaiaroa. Tha i porta of Kauai, Daataic, he , would ha subjected to aa actiTO aad uacaaalag surraUtoasa; the cargoes af their ?essels weald be minutely and vexationsly searched, aad all tha deahtfol esses would be seat to the oeauafMoa to prises; la a word, tha measure woald be a regular blocked a. hud what would become to tha principle of tha eemraeretel immunity of neutral* exclusive of eon trabuad to waif?that priaoiple so dear to Prussia, for it la aha who to same sort created It to 1740, aad it dates fro* b?r first protest against tha right to visit. la 1780 tha whole to the Battle Statu eon-.luded, oa tha beats uraiahed by bar, a treaty to erased neutrality. Br eub aeting to the right of visit aad seizing merchandise is suing troas tha porta of MsmoI aad Daatsle tha English aad French governments woald ha kgiasBy aad forcibly brought to srtand tba seme rule to the mwuhaaeis* 1s sulag from Hamburg, Bremen, Lubec, he.; from Amster dam. Antwerp, Oetead, he. Tallow, flax hemp, he , whatever be their origin or their mark, would be visited aad captured in esse of doubt on tha part to tha eroteer. Following up this lias of reasoning, tba inflatory demon si rates that oaoa entered on such a practice, the French and English go varments would net fail to extend to all the ueufcel flags that iaeua from tha aarth sou a system of vexation* aad humiliating visits. THE ISTHMUS OP PEREKOP. Tha Isthmus to Perehop, which unltoa the Crimea to tha main land, la so often mentioned to the accounts ef the enorntions ef the a Died troops to the East, that the following partlonlan^rupeetlaa it will probably prove of interest 1%e Isthmus ef Perekop, called in the Tartar language, the "(late of Gold," is situated between the Black wa and the Putrid See, aad is 10 rerets long by 0 wide (26 rsnrts make 20 miles). To tha west extends the Gulf of Perekop, closed on the aide ef the continent by Cbpe PcOgaeoh. aad aa tha aide of the Crimea by a promon tory of the same name aa the isthmus. Perekop is the capital af tha circle to that name which touches the cir cles of Akschkl, simpkeropol aad Eupaterla. Oa the east the country is indented by a great number to bays; and several streams, one af wbieh is the Salghlr, water it. The cPmato is generally insalubrious. The towa and fortress of Perekop are situated to the isthmus, between the Gair af 8iwaseh, to the Sea to Aioff, and a line of tamperts running from east to wait. A trench to twen ty-fear feet depth, provided with a drawbridge, aad eon ted with eat stoae at hath sides, rans across the isthmus opposite the town. The situation to tha towa in net a peed one, aad the bouses are peorte appear aaea, being covered with thatch, and tha streets narrow aad dirty. Tha great article of trade la salt, whleh whale earavaaa come to carry away ta summer. The inhabi tants, about 8,000 ta number at most (some writers say net more than 1,600), am oompesed af Russians, Tar tars, Armenian* aad Jaws. The citadel had formerly a certain importance, but a few years ago the walla were allowed to fall to ruin lately considerable repair* have beea effected to tha building, and atber works have been erected. At three ?erst* distance from Perekop le the village to Armtn akei, inhabited by Jews, Greeks and Armenians. who carry oa a considerable trade to cattle Of vane us kinds, but mora particularly to lambe. It was in 1786 that the ^tnseians appeared for tba first time in the Crimea, un der tba command of General Munnlch, who had with him 100,000 men. They fonnd the isthmus cat across by a trench 24 metres wide and 14 deep, aad protected by a wall 20 metres high. All these works wero flaakal by towers, aad defended by the fort of Orkapu. Ths entrenchments were, hswever, carried by ths Russians, aad two days after the fortress surrendered. Bat It was not the bravery of the Russian treope wh eta thus achieved tha entrance into the Crimea, for they to reali ty succeeded partly by the treachery of the Tartars, and partly by the carelessness ef the workmen wbo had bean entrusted with the repairs of the defence. Munnlch was then able to devastate the pentoaola as he pleased. The next year there was another attempt at invasion an the part of the Russians, but withont success, as tba walk were then repaired, and the Khan commanded to per sen and beat off the assailants. Ia 1770 the Russians failed against the fortress, but the year after. 90,001 men succeeded in seising en the isthmus, which theRns slass have since held possession of. THE STRAIT OP GENI PC HI. [From the London Tlmee, June 4 ] The Strait of Genitchi, across wbleb there is a ferry, is said to be not more than sixty fathoms wide, bat it is deep, and it serves to carry off the waters of the I'ntrid Sea into the Sea of Azoff. Of ths Putrid Sea iteelf, or Sirwasb, (as it is properly called,) scarcely anything is known, and it is wholly unmarked by sound inge to sny cbarta that we possess. It appears, how aver, to present considerable analogy to tba lagunee which eneirele Veaice; and though it may be ineecessi ble to steamers of war, we do not despair of ships' boats periormlng a service to these waters which might be of the most essential importance to the campaign. The Russians have, within the last tea years, aa wa tort occasion to stats soma months ago, constructed a road oa piles across ths Birwash. at one of its narrowest points, wbieh connects tba Crimea with the main land by a wooden bridge about 200 fathoms to kngth. Tnis military road, lying between the isthmus of Perekop and tha tongna of Are bat, ia mora practicable for an army than either to tbssa two natural communications, and nothing woald bo mora fatal to tba Russians than the destruction of tbe wooden bridge which completes this line of communication. The die tan oe from Genitchi te tbe bridge cannot bo more than twenty or twenty-five miles, we are, of course, ignorant of tbe depth to water tbere may be to tbekgnnes; but if itbesuffi ci?nt to float the ships' boats, and we bold tbe entrance to this inland water, there is no reason wby the destrn; tion to this road should not bs attempted. RIGHTS OP NEUTRAL VESSELS IN THE BAL TIC PORTB. In the British Honit of lord*, on J ana 4th, the Earl of Albums rlx aall ho wished to aak bar Majsaty'e govern ment whetbsr they had any objection to atata the exact wards which Captain Watson, of the Iraperituse, ad dressed to tha authorities of Tort Baltic In announcing the blockade of that port on the 28th of April of thts year; and also to aak whether they thought the Rntsian government were warranted in tha assertion which they were supposed to hare made, that the government of England bad now renounced the principle adopted a rear ago, that the flag covered the cargo? He fully antici pated what the answer would be, and the explanations which he should receive from tha government. He as turned, as a matter of eourse, that the answer would he ibat the government did adhere to the precise terms of the Order in Council, dated the 16th of April,185t, waiv ing the right of seising enemies' property In neutral ves sels, unites it waa contraband of war. Although he anticipated that her Majesty's government would give such assurances as woald be ratiafectory to the n?utr*l Powers, be thought it waa also advisable the neutral Powers should understand that there was in that house a ncailv unanimous?if not an entirely unanimous ? opinion on the subject. When, about a fortnight age, he bad moved certain resolutions, with the object of putting an end to trade with Russia, he had bsen very much >? ton Is bed to hear three members of her Majesty's Gveinment? the President of the Board of Trade, the rd President of ths Council, and thmAJoder Secretary of 8tate for Foreign Affairs? attribute To him a wish to enforce the right of blockade. He wm utterly astonish ed when be hMrd each a desire imputed to him, and he thought that in the hurry of debate he might haws Mid what he did not meaa to My; bat in the first newspa per be taw the next morning, be found the words be used were, "Neutral flags should make neutral eargost;" and the resolutions he had proposed did not contemplate dirt etlr or Indirectly any Interference whatever with neutral Power*. Ae the statement he was then making would probably And its way to the public, and would coma to the kiowledge of the neutral Powers, he might observe that he believed he spoke the unanimous?or the almost unanimous? opinion of their lorusbips, when he said that they thought the Americans were perfectly justified in c aiming that a neutral flag should protect a neutral cargo; and lis was onlv at Usue with her Majes ty's government on this question, because they bad done ongrae onsly and unwillingly what he thought they ought to have done readily and unhesitatingly. He trusted, now that two great Powers of Europe had ex pressed their intention on the subject in an unsqulvcetl manner, that the course they had resolved to adopt woold henceforth become part and parcel of the law of nations. In consequsnce of tbo intention which had been attributed to him by members of her Majeety '? go vernment, a State paper which had been Usned by the Riieslun government, an I which purported to oome from the office of M do Neesetrode, gevo an inacsnratn rspre eentatlon of the proposition he had submitted to their lordships, and he (Lord Albemarle) thought It was desi rable that on a tabject of so much importune# a clear onde mending should be established. Karl G*a.tvili.x said, the noble earl had on this occx rion not observed hie usual courtesy in giving notioeof the qusstln he bad Jnet pat, bat ha had the satisTa3 Hon of being able to la arm the aoble earl that there had Ken nothing In the cendnst or itatesaenis of Cap'atn Watson er hie lien tenants to warrant tha rsprsMnUt.vo of the Russian loveinmtst. No such question ae they reprsssntsd had bsen put and eeiUin'y no each answer as tiey mentioned had been given. The Fori of HasmwiTT, who waa very imperfectly beard, Mid, the flrst lieutenant of a British sh y of war went Into Pert Baltic to ascertain what shtpi ware actual ly loaded, in order that those only which were loaded at the time might he permitted to leave with their cargoes, end that nb additional good! might be taken on beard The Veuterant went with the governor ovst the port, L fonsd only tiro vessels loaded; ho never Inquired to whom thiy belonged; he said that ae they were loaded tier might leave the port, bat that no other vessels could depart aftir that date. The lieutenant was then asked whether fenr Prussian Ashing vessels might go eat, snd he replied that as there wae no Intention to inflict Injury upon the owner* of such small vessels, they might be allowed to leave. Be (lord Her row by) was. hewsvtr, enabled teaeenr* their lordship* that no such statements ae had been attributed to Cap tain Wateen er hie flrst lien tenant by Count Nseselrode had been made by thorn officer*. In the Commons, en Mtn* night. Mr. J. <). Philumors ?shed the First lord of Mm Admiralty far an explanation of the statement which had appeared in the papers to the offset that Cept. Watson, of the Imperii uso, had re merehandiee ?an given occasion to tee Rnaaian government to h a circular declaring that her MaMy's govern had abandoned the principle on whleh they had ?mfatha war?that "(ho flag iheull cover the Br a Wood Mid be was la * ?oettk>n to fir# a Mrt omitoto tad Mttsfaetary axpUillea af _**? v W wWh the heaoreble |W?(mh had 7^"*^ " peered that u* Huwki pwiwil had iMto aaitw laistating that a aotioa, such m that daecribed by tha honorable Mtlnu, had baas seat by Capt. Wattorn, af tha Imeerieuse, to tba autaerities at Fort Baltic, eahiag tba -*t~r"? af faiaiga gtranantt to it, aad pmatiag out that auch a aatiaa would ba la cantmve*ttan ar tha daalaiatioa aada by bar Majesty's gevarnneeal at tba ceaamomcoaMnt af tba war-that aoamy i prsMrt; ebon Id aat ba latarfarad with la mo tral raoMlj. Ha waa happy to My that thai* waa not tba slightest fouadati ia for aay aacb ?tat en* at. Capt. Watson waa bow ia thia aonatry ; ha bad aaaa bath his aad tha oft cor who took la tba mm uta U Patt Baltic; from them ho had laarat w hat really did take plaaa, aad it would ba mb fro* tfaair at count, which waa totally at Tunuaea with tha atataMant pat forward by tha Ruaaiaa government, that Captala Wateen had earned out har Uaj*aty'a proelaaaatioa in tba atrietaat maaner A lieutenant nf tba Imparloaaa waa aant Into Port Battle to notify that a blockade waa cntabliabed. Ha mot on tha pier the ciril governor af Pwrt Baltic, aad ha told him that tba vassal* than ia tha harbor might leave. aithar In ballaa , or with euch ear goaa aa tbay had then on do arc, bat that thay would not ba allowed to tab# aoy further eargoea oa board af ter that aotiflcatioa. That officer aad tha ciril governor together riaitad arary reaael lying In tba harbor, but tbera waia only two which bad any eargoea an board, one af which waa laden with rye, aad the other fa Danish reaael) with apirita. The airil governor pledged hia honor that no farther eaigoM ahauVi ba taken an bawd, and tha lieutenant told b<m that thaaa vassal*. aa they than atoed, would ba allowed to depart A farther .tata maat made in tha Kutafta eircular, -to tha effect that Captala Wataoa declined to guarantee tba Taaaala going out under there circumatanoea being captured by other cruiaera, waa equally contrary to fact What tba eieil governor aakad waa, that four Rueeiaa?not neutral? tahlag boats, tbaa lyiag at Port Boltie, ahould ha al lowed to proceed to R.ga; aad tha anewar waa, that, a* far aa Captain Wataon waa concerned, thay ware free to depart; but it waa not for bim to aay whit eouree tba Commandar-in-Cbiaf would take with regard to tha free paaaago of Russian vessels. CHINA AND INDIA* THE UNITED STATES SURVEYING SQUAD RON IN THE NORM PACIFIC. CM; IB* OP THH VTN0BWNB8 ?THB SLOOP P0BP018E MI88ING? WB1BK BHB WA8 LAT BMMS?Hit* PAST HJBV1CK8? LOO OF TBI VINC8NNMS. [From tha Orariand Friend of China, April 7 ] In anr number of the lfltb of September -art, wa re - corded tha departure of tha United States ship Vtn eeunea, Commodore Roger i, an a aurreyiog cruise in tha North Pacific (Coram it waa atated waa the destination). Tha a loop Porpoiae accompanied tha Vincannaa. A little mora than n month before thia record, in noticing the 111 auecesa which, up to that period, had attended tha United Statue North Pacific Surveying Expediton, wa laid :? Br the time eertaln eourti martial are brought to a con eluiion, the aouthweit nioneoon will ha blowing lti last ves per, and then the fleet mar just ae well remain iu Hem; Kong ae try the etrong currents and boieteroaa element* of a winter m the north. The justice of thia remark w*a verified with greater amplitude than we then anticipated. Nine day* after leaving Hong Kong, off the Pescadores, ia a fearful gale, the l'orpoiaa and Vlneennesjierted company. The Per poire hae never since beau heard of; and it ia feared, with too much reason, that tha Hi-fated brig foundered with all hands. Pane* to tba manaa af the gadant spirits on board of harl I-ee* than three months before that gala the Porpoise achieved immortal honor in raeeu ing from tha Prates Shoal (perhaps now barbed) 620 Chineae, whom the humanity af-kha Pacific and Oriental Superintendent here would hare left ta pariah af starva tion and madness. W* thua than (Sept. 10) wrote of that crniaa of the l'orpolse:? The future history of tha United State* surveying aqua iron in these eastern seas will contain no brighter page then that wbieh reoorda the aeeount of this errand ' en humane deed intent;" it Mould ho printed in letters ot gold, ami margined with tha word " Glory." A better fortune attended tba Vincsnnaa. Following ia a brief detail of what waa perfoimel by her during tha four and a half month* of her absence from this port ? On tba 20th of fiapt-mber, reached the Bo tin Inlands and proceeded to determine the longitude af and to sur rey Port Lloyds. , On tba 28tn of October experienced, while at ""h". a terrific typhoon, commencing at N.E., tlience to ?S.E.. and on to 8. % W., modevating at sunsat, after six hours' rury. In thia typhoon two mountain barome ters ware broken, and several of tha Instruments cet up on shore blown down and injured. For three consecu tive yeara, it waa stated, a typhoon had oeourred there on tha same day. Toe bay waa covered with pumice stone after the typhoon, floating In perfect bad*. On tha filh November left the Boaina, and three days afterwards encountered another typhoon. In about Int. 29 45 N., long 141 E., sighted tha rock D'Ora, otherwise Urmiatead'a Peak, a solitary rock, hundreds of mils* from aay land, rising in majestic grandeur soma three hundred feet above the ocean. On the 17th of November reached Napa, an tha Great Ixx>-choc, and remained there surveying till December ISth. Taking the sunken W. 8. Saywood'a crew and owner onboard, aa before published in tb'B journal, the Vtncennes then left for toe coaet of China, whence, without stopping, after discharging the Saywood# into the Nightingale, she again started for Japan. On tba 28th December reached Kako Slma, aline hay, said to be equal in capacity to tbat of Rliio or Sydney, being twenty six miles deep, and some half a dozpn across at?ntiance The Vincennee anchored in, and suyeyed Thlmegava harbor ia this bay; but the mouata'aa be ing covered with enow (on the 2d January there was a fiuhtl'ul snow storm), and observations difficult ia ob taining. Kaao Eima waa lelt on the fith of January tor a ran aouth. Passingtbrongh Van Dieman'a Straits, as rve* waa mad* of Tanega Eima. Paasiag Jakuno Slma, 0,000 feet high, Capt. hodgera named the ohaanel Vincennes' Straits. Then passed tbreagb Colnett'a Straits to Naka Slma, aad away to On Sim*. Here tha weather was so - tempestuous (the Vlneennee taking eight days after sighting to get up to the Island,) and the bread placod on board in Horn; Kong found so full of weavils, it was fit for no human being, it was determined to return to this port to recruit. Leaving Kakl Rouma on the 24th January, en tbe oOth following anchored in Hong Kong harbor Yesterday the Vincennea again started for LooChoo, from whence she will proceed to Japan, then-.e to Bhir ing'e Straits, and here again, ia about a year's time, by the way of California. During tha stay here Mr. Kaoor, the hydrogTapher, and Mr. Kern, artiet totte expedition, have been butlly engaged in completing charts of tba whole of tha ground traversed onthecruite, which they aueceeleJ in com pleting for forwarding by the outgoing mail. Lieutenant Brooke, in charge of the aetronimicel deoartmsnt, has also been fortunate in completing a aeries ef valuable observations; tbe old buildings of the medical m ssiou, and rooms la the old klorrlson school, having baan placed w iQr fOTfrnvwt tt tb# disposal of Commodore Rodgers for tbe um of tha expedition. We have only to add that our anticipation running: "It la through the great popularity of tbe Commodore there is hops for success In the future," has been completely fulflllsd. and thare ia again prospect ef a successful veyage. the passenger trade at hong kong - HOW CHINESE ARE CARRIED OFF. [From North Ctina Herald, Much 16.] It fi now some months ainco wo draw attention to the manner in which the paFsenger trod# la coniuctei at thia port, suggesting a few simple regalationa which aevmed hkeij to benefit both the emigrants and tboae engaged in shipping them, or at least auch shippers as conduct their huaineas with falrneaa and good faith. We hare reason to think that those heat informed on the subject concur in the views referred to, and their cogency bas not been lessened by subsequent occur rences. Take, for instance, the voyage, or attempted voyage, of the Science, and her condition on returning to port, after nearly one hundred days' absence. It is true, the vessel being a foreign one, (American, we belt ve,) no anlations in force here could have prevented her ing in neasengera at Macao, or entcroe compensation to the helpless men on board on her return; but one o* our objecte was to show tho advantage of Cbineae taking passages at Hong Kong under proper guarantees. We have heard that tho Morrison (also American,) which sailed hence fsr California on the 20th January, reaeivrd en beard in the Ly-yu-moon paaaage senae v > hundred passengers ever ber complement, and having pnt into Manilla in d is tiers, has bean there condemned Her pasrongers, it appears, ?rs to be sent beck to Ilong Kong, and of course aet adrift totally deatltute. The owners of the ship were on board whan she left thia harbor; and seeing these gentleman received full pas ?age money here, and will no doubt receive full Insu rance on the ebip, and probably freight, it Is net too mnch to ray that aome one should be bell responsible for the amount paid for passage in Hong Kong. Rut as there is no provision of the sort to be fo<ind in our crlonisl regulations, the money is aafe Imtke pock ets of the lucky owners aforesaid, which must maks the Merriion's trip for Goohes a very snug ens inl?s<l, and one worth repeating. Wo warned oar officials that auch tillage might be expected, but fsel no satisfaction at the vary literal fulfilment of eur predictions. Ths eases of the Science and Morriseeare bad eaeuth; but. as operations, they are quite thrrwn in the (hide by (be more reoent one of the Margaret. This vessel, a British one, wo ?rs sorry to say, ownad and eoamendel by a man named White, was chartered by the worthy owaer 1# Cbiaese, to carry paeseogera hence to Port Phillip. 5he was fitted out for the voyage, and barweea fourteen and fifteen thousand dollars wsra paid to White as passage money. It it doubtful if tho vessel was worth ba:f that amount. fnder a prevision of the Pamengsra' Act adopted at Hong Kong, vessels are permitted to rwry ot ly oae pas senger for every two toe* register white therefore concluded to receive bis psssesgers elf TJntin, and pre fss'ed to start tor that anchorage on tho 4th Instant. Tie passengers followed, and after waiting three day*, vainly looking for the vessel, returned to lioag Kong. Vesiengcrs were despatched to Macao In tbe hope that tho vessel might he lound there; but (boy could neither tea n< r bear of ber: and eo aome three hundred people are utterly ruinsd, to My nothing of the loss to the un fortunate charterers Our inlrra are fond enough sf meddling with h miner* tbat wire belter left alone?stringent in trifles, and playing at law-making. Now tbey have an opportunity of deiag a real service, by simply adopting the plan of responsibility suggested by us when the subject under discussion four months ago. The rel rpossibility should net he eenfined to such le vanting as the Margaret's, but extend to other acta less outrageous, but equally disastrous to tho (hlnmewho trust to the good faith of foreigner*. In Pnglaad a remedy has been found for sneh cases as those ef the Merrisou and the Margaret; and they arv not the only onoa of tho sort likely to ocoar here, where se remedy la ptovWed. At this moment many Chines* are the charterers of vessels. So loag as the rats* of passage keep high, all win go on swimmingly, they will eagerly give, e* promise to give, almost any prioe de ?>ai>ded foe a veaaeL By and by matters will change : passenger* become asarco? rates fall?sogngeessats ere broken?it being quite IsopoMlkto they eanbe fbtflDed. The inteuded emigrants are plundered ef their little all, fatd by them to theee eharterera, who bete again paid it to the ship. bit khi oherWers net hnklllMWl than ninety per cent o' tkfmt ef Ihtramr, lost mk iMMil, tlM ooeiiv p*eMk| tt Ml *>M dniil ui? ravage. Is suon * cm* legal nUt iiMl^ earn*? nwreDy. w# m? lit*In difference MtMM It MM White's, while tne eonsequenree entailed are preeiaely risilir. 8ncb iu the condition of the fnnniif toads of 1IM ?neb will bo that of 186b, online, what earn terfb bn hoped for, sftieieat ?no an adopted to fOtiiM It And if the aecoaeary step* aro wot will aoeuredly be at tbo door of thee* who baa tbo 1 dy la tboir power. ia conclusion, wo would aok if oar underwriters i futilities to partloo desirous of laauitag P?**a_ paid ia Hoag Kong t Tbo system is dceerriag of not alb agemant. INTERESTING PROM JAPAN. TV CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES AMD TKK1H LABOMS ? f I'LL DVT AILS OF TUB LATH KABTBQCAKH?? TRANSLATION OP THE LOO OP THB HUHPIAJI SHir DIAHA?MISBBaBLE HTATB OF THH JAPAN ESB?THB BAY OP SIM'-DA (Cone.penJenca of tbo North China Herald ) Tbo following in'orma Ion mop perhaps beaoeentahle to jou, thsre being scarcely a country ia tba Hot to wbicb *o much lateral I. attoobol ao to Japan. Tan aro doubtless aware it ia iaoao tel by a cheerful potato, wbo wore oaro nearly wrapped ia Pop tab saperstttaam, bat wbo, ia the good prv>vw#-.oe of rfod, hare toll PS .ervrd, it ia to be hoped, fur a belter fata. It ia not my intention to dia* again a picture of tba borrora and abomination# eb<eb am ana tad froaa tbo Court of Spain, under I'bilip U , wbooo omiaaarioo an used tta tloodrbed and tortuera xbloa brought men tbnn two millions of native* of J pen Into a bloody to Stow grare. That deik age ia bapp'ly passad by, ana thoagto thee* men who ceil these* v?? dieciples of Joaea?tto Popo'a mi'Mla?still aziat, aad continue to disturb tb? peace end happlneae of ration., their iafluonoe hat ropw greatly decree.rd; they are no longer the moat learned men, whom princes rrqnire hat carry with them a nam# stained in tbo aaaais sot only of Japan, bmt of al most erery nation otlhe eartb Tbcao Jtsulta bare caused be Christian name to bo bated by tbo Japanese; other, here degraded it by al lowing it to bo trampled ap?a, tad themaetvea daapuad. far a trifling gain, that ?ouk> eetdlf ha to boon ralaad from aay of tba fertile iaUnda ia tba Kaat. Tba Japan aoabaow this, end rejotiin* at their triumph, now tarn their back en them and fori inclined to throw them folroo into tbo arms of *bo>o who do not desire their country, but rook their waliara Tba people of Japan era anxious to cultivate the friendship of AaMrloa. thet they may bo preserved frt i the approaching danger from tba north, whiob threaten tboir independence. Naarlp a year has passed .'ore a treaty of paaaa ai smitv was signed at Ksnegawo, by Commander Fe. ? aad the Japanese Commissioner-, by whtih two p? were opened, and all toe prir leeoo that other net may hereafter enjoy war* eacur-q to the United State America. The deeided stop tenon by the Amornaao ? raised them in the ey*i of tn* Japanooo, and aaa candid expression of sincere at'aebment to thorn ? ? heard during tba recent st.aj of the I'ow ha tan attorn <> da. This town ha* unfortunately boon destroyed by an earthquake, which took pi oe on the 23d of Itooombrr last, and which also destroy#-- tite Diana, a Raoeian flftv gun frigate, that wae lying at anchor in the bay, hiwiag coaveyod to that place G malsaionora to aogetinto a treaty, wbicb waa conclude! daring the stay of tbo Powhatan. The following extract from to? logbook of the Diana will give n detailed account or tneee occurrence*.? Dec?mbor23?Nine o'cloos a M?Light W.3.W. wind, bar. 29.27; ther. 7 dog. R. (47 7s F ) , weather elenr and agrcoablo. At ??l??rter past nine. without any previous indica tics, the shock of an earthquake, which lasted two or three minute#, Mniiig the to (hake tott nth wot felt, both ob deck ana in tb? cabin. At tw^o'olook ?.term ware ?, observed e.,e?og the bny. aid to a few m nutes Simoda wu iono<i?t*d, houses and tsmalss ?w'Pt while the junk* b-fore the town, forced from their anchorage, were eeee floating in every diree ton, one knocking against another, cracking and sink IS?' if i * ?n. mtnu'es after this the water waa !*fy .*** * bubbling, ss if agitated by a tkeaeand springs, carrying with it lo*m, etraw and otbar Trrli rials, receding and then returning with *Ttni?tm force, and completing the a retraction of the town boa to JUl tUie"' ?"rhB,*n were or-'ered to sees re the gunk 1 to shut t'? porta Ihiriag this short ! f v y *l" covered wild thatches and ruins, which had been earned away by the reesi'ng waters. th* '''<*?? was observed to drift, Im1.wa" '???<ttately dropped. Wot withstanding this, however the water ret uraiM with ?"??.?? !?! tbnB *"for*< '"wood her a eeeoitT time from her position the ws tie town was new one vast ??*iB* deeolation, and out o' about a thousand houses UMf irV? standing a', thin time a cloud of If.!? ? V ob,,rT#d ?'?r the ruins, and the air waa iiroBgly impregnated with sninhuroui acid. ntiuaiesriilsgMdisii's,,! the water in so nar a?/W nu?*rouB whirlpools, wkiok caused the frigate to awing ro-jsd with such rapidity w.s th ,!w 1 f""6 At l??lf past ton a junj !" i r mach ?l??ee that It Z?et^c M thP fud "ok i??"iUte)y. Kopta w n i i . s"*11 u,em from arowni&r. ^ahic"^, them; toe rest, rushing into thf tail?' !* nf dl* th" tj violate th# law of ^?D?try, which forbids ta.m, without permission, to go on board a foreign vea*ei. " ?idln "la, *om4* 4'"?>'D * ""?ll o?4*- was drifted along ??? *** quite inieobibir and her r**:ne vm ?Wt bk? wjd HnV vrral ?en he;I?*xP?"d t? coasulsrp J tlw'r ?*?,?tions were successful She soon recovered, and is still living ?_ b*d tnra?d once more round, ami oFth^l ? wJil"n fluJ fatboms of a ro:k, the whrliag 2.1 ?i Vr ***??? '? ?kil-et that she was flung from ?ae place to another, and in aooit thirty miua-.ee turn Itoitag thta Vl" f0.rlJtb?e times round her anchor. ' t"'" time she was neatly smashed against n rocky island, hut fortunately ah? just cleared kt a &W' ,0 ?(?*?. the third anchor was drooled 24" ?* the 'Sect ?' keeping r~fMAh'14 Jeft b-r on her iTdeto eiwht ax rs-ra. w.?terPP?A?We' ^ U^s??2t? and violence,'forcing ^Tto"^ floating near her. The ruins and f.u -? ?? .v- ? were.very great, the ???12?%* eight to more than forty fe?t; and these cbaswaa. .t ,? tervals of about fire minutes eontmaed until nsn when. UlSSr"-""' "WStoiSS 'mm*til* ?ltibr*"T1' ?n^*T,n ?*.U.bl? .ffo.t swistcsa was se violent as to foroeher pP.i her mcL? rfhln^ co?**?iuent thereon, were very ,loT flU glm it'i. v twfnt'f"nT'e ,e#t ?f water but within her ~ nsr hou^^tlh? ?* rt,tDg 41 th" r*te of thlrtJ ii per hour. At this time a rash west wind waa bol loJ5?0*,t*r?Uod 4t 2a 87 401 <ba thermometer ww ;SSSSKi kJL-^-aSg . . _ * ,?* to tUa aneVoM Tu2 chains of which were so t.iato.} that four hoars tin required to e'ear one of t> em blew'aid ft!"iK'lt 4 f,44h *?uthwest wind ay 'Su'v,:52" arv a^d'wiS. ii Tt W4i",,d 4,cbor on the 13th Janu 7b?'^i ^, * }|kt wind left for the appointed nlneo "00n f4,i"'Kl we ware left dr.ftii ??T?L the breakers, and our posit on be-ame outof^mmSmZm! if; ?'."UETr; ?*""?? ?'?>' <???. "I Unte On the 18th and 16th there waa lass v_. - water in th. frigate roee to such a helght tiito'irlvt fenrs were ent-ria.ned ?. u> the p Ability ofijlffi* wifurv* 4nth?rit'?" "Ht rne haodrndjn^MSww her to the bay, and on the 17tb all hnnds^ Jnm kuL ed. This was not does witaout great difficult. aJvT* -r?a?b 'V Neat day, 18th, the jnnkj ^ r#r Id tow; D';f i limit man was on Knami * .T . *?* ilready half filifd tho gun deck Aflor oroeooAhiH? W # """I 4 ?U white cloud .pteaAd^rSL^V: "biich)tb* J'Pa^se, panic stn ek emaut 'thrtr^Hi. ^ia j iJ.4pf?4red ,tT?ng? to na, bat a - ? juetifled the fears they had manifested^HVK? 7 eb;VthTOe^XW4St!*Ul^^Klthr> ' V# r,?r^y^r^xnp^:T: &*5iSSs^ S r5T give.no shelter to eblpe. whw. H r o ox.i'7 ES'? thl uu.-eJJr"V,co,l,n,*4US4t'4* ?****? on the leUidOboslmo, passes under Hftsoda. This nptotsn ITi^ , J? ?opported by the sulpturoas dopee'ts f#an? to the delta of the roeka, and the feet that the heaviaws ?f the recent enrthqaake wets fa the dfraatlea of seuto weat, and back to the north'"! It la also worthy of observation that the wave coming from the onto irst touched Siroods, and rss?fng oa. westward, tnnmdatod several other places, but to a smaller ettswl; and that the upheaving* of th* ground likewise diminished to ex tent and violence afteri nasi ng the laet named pinoo. the wbofe Island cf Nlpbon was more or lose coavnlned by the shock, to Jeddo several bouses wore destroyed: at Kanagavs a waU was thrown dewa and Omto, giwat ly Injured by tl>e earthquake itseK, suffered stib more from a fire which broke out among the ruina. From the mountain largo masses of rock rolled toward ths wmt? eoe ef which, destroying n house in its path caused the death of Its unfortunate ocenpant. sss^'fm^^aa oV^'mwaai*^wKnathepw,^,J^JJtJ!, having nothing but too rsg. tb.tr tJSu isfinssrjsss^jshlts. ?-??*'