Newspaper of The New York Herald, December 1, 1860, Page 6

NEW YORK HERALD. J A M KB UUHDIIIk BKIXIlTT, ItDlTOR AND PBOPRit ""K M. W. OOK.NKM OT fVl.TOb AfiB KABJAC ?TS. TtRHS ca*h in *? <*. * ?* ?"?*> *" H+ <* '.*? rmlt T. Km* NJ *u ut hii'J cu'r mt &?-' ro, !i I bAkh. TUB DA IL T HKKAl.lt w rmu ?W. B? p?r .innun, TMK eAMlLY UtHAl.Van tTtiwInt , at fo?r wnU $ wr ton or $2 prr annum. Yum H i/:* i )' w a' u zi. '??? at ** <*"' r*' 'tmtd o> M prr >hr i-'i up*' " IC-iilinn nrry W<4n ? 'ny, of ?ti iw- 1*T /??/, * ;?? ? '?" toamnparirf 0rmt ti> ro J6 <"?/.? /'in .?/ !.'? <Vnf?><" *>Wi k> %-rlwU pomiw/t. (/? Coty'on.wi i&iuum < i |A? 1-: ll/i an ;U?/ u, 'u?V? uvmtii, <*' t*t a*u* prr <um or |1 SO pr ? ntt f vrjA f ' vitiuxi "OKtti yrt, containing tmpvrf i ?( H)h itr>i from tW I.V (#><- worUt; if irtlt bo fchtmlh j?h<i fat *?r "Cm Kokkign Corbk rann?f?TM aib PiBTirut aki.v Ubuca^tbd to mil au Lbtibma iau P*cb a?M Wfi ? W ?Vf) J\ 077/ K ftds*n of rt'iw-w;. corr*i?>,*lfnr4. Wt do iM re ? V.i rvwf?*|u*?li>l(M)#u j PV&UTISKMKNTS ren+toof 09Wy day.* wtr*rfi*eii*n'i 4n fA* W kbk.lt H'Kald, Family Ubbald. ctfuitntA* C\t,y\r' ??i fl*?d Kuro)> nn t'-fioi 1. Valoai IIV No. ajj AMVSJ?MKNT8 THIS BTBMNO. AUAMUfY OF IfUfllOt Fourteenth at~r?t ? ltallaa Optra? M . ? ?t AT 0?B? TuaJsWH." NIBf.O B OARl>CN, Bro.ulwuy ? f>. ?'HCai. Vos?A B?(.o la 1 1 1 W'NTCil 'IAKDE!*. Hroartwa*.- I us Ai- *TATV- BlTi r B.? <? mr lone Wu* am> cmo I'tituu BOtVXKT 1'ilIATM, h?m -AUo.DOaa mid ?-eo t:i? St ?..Msg A Bocu > Baos.iT*iA* T*"t( 1. WALUAlVB 1HKATKK tfmr*aor'l r? uii-Kut (UK a Widuv . UUKA KKXVB THKATH* f?o. W Rr??<1n-*T. Hmi -imiKA f B? SOWUI THEATRB Bawrrr -Di( k Ti p h i d Jnm \.*i. fi.ni umiH-* ? ??. 'J I'ni V?i.?iri.> A"l? BARN '? H AVKtlM'AN MDHKUM BruMimf.? IHf and ?r??i.iu? to-? CLUtM? A???n V'ut'.o*?t> -Liriku Cdrkmi SBTAMTS' MI.W ti X vJunk'i 'I*. ?2 htu**nkt. - sn naaM dim Ham'?-* to.? >'i?o t'r HOi'i-IK A OAVPBII.:.'! KIKBTSCLX ?!???? %nMl??r - BniionAli (fctiuii. DaB' ? i -i*r*urmi!k^ Ac ? Ar<uc4>tn Bak?iho. ANrr.ivBJKV Mlffiia '1AUU. ?A( Haacu ilLBi??yci-> Ao. TRIPLE SHEET. ? aw Vork SAtatrtkr. I)?>mb?i I, I MAO. TAIL- KOK THAI PACIFIC. Itw t ork IliiAiil-CattfnrBiA Cillllaa. Tb? tn? D"ai?Uip Arl?l, Capl Wilson, will tb:l ^.trt to- l*y . xl noon, for AspmwkM Th? niAlls for CallforBls ul other |>*/U of lha r*clOo irlQ clou* At i*a o'clock ib ? morning. Tb? Maw Yob* Winn Hbkald ? Osllfornls elllion ? sonummg the isiMt tntalli??ios from all parti of tb? world, vitb a Urge qnaatltf of looai and m<Mellsi;eoua m?iu-r, will be published at nine o'olock in lb? Bomlnf. .+nf '? copiK. In wrappers, ready for Bail ng.sis .vents. Agent* w\V. please seed In '.beir orders u ?arir as pot ?*b?s. The News. <> ,r at 0 tits from the Botith thU moru iH; prf ?cat the ante ns'ATornUe aspect uf afl'iirK. witli qo abttcmt lit of tl>e fe? lin^ lor Hccenion. A meet ins was ''Id at CLsrlestoa l.i-t eveniaf, which wj? ?ddr e?Aeu by >lr. Mpinniinprr and othen. The Cliarlestoa banks inorru^c<l their discoonta to some eitent vesterdajr, whh It afforded coniidcr.ilile re lief to tLc mercantile community. ENewh >ro will be fo Jid full telegraphic und newspaper report ? of tin .-ere --ion movement. Hon. Charles Sumner, of Ma- achuaetts. deliv r rd a lettolt on tlic lite and character of l.af.iytto la t evening at the Cooper inatitute. A report hi <jiveo elsewhere of the addr' n, which wa liste'i -d to by a vi ry renpectable audience. Among whom wa- tbc Hon. Henry Wilton Tlit oue hnndred and fourth annivcraary of the St. Aadnw'a Socicty whs held at the 8t. Ni.-hola* Hotel la?t evening. The repreaontatirea of <;rpHt 3r uia at tlii* port ao<l of aeveral winter aone'i. * were pre*ent, a* wasalaoUM Hon. John J. Ciit tendon, of Kentu Wy. Andrew Nocrie, Eaq., pre. aid'- 1 it the festive bo.ird. supported on either *lde by Pr Ileal*. Pre*ilcnt of the St. <;eorge's8oclefy. and Henry Hogtiet, of the 8t. ratrick'i. The fund* of the society were in a favorable con dition. and their prosperity aeemed certain. A ft port ol tie proceeding ia unavoidably omitte 1. A despatch received by the State Itopartmrnt from o r Minister in China state* tii.it the treaty LmI beta aipnej by the llmperor. The alliei force - !i# i n-i> h> J to within twelve mile* of I'ekin t?ffore he wa* prevailed upaa to attach the Irnpe rial ?< a! to Uie document. K". Harri- writ* * that accounts of the reception of i i" .'Apanffce llnhaat-y in thin country had t< i 'if ' JtiMo. and i?en great satisfaction to th^ nil. at. Tin ?'amahip Karnak, CapUin Brownies*, from Havana and Niiaan. X. P.. arrived here at an eariy bonr jeaterday morning. Hates trooi the laMe* are to the 34th ult. Tl.i-r ' ia no new* other than w 'I be found in th<- ahip newa column. Yellow fever haa been making aa<1 havoc among the -hi- 7 icg at Jamaica. Ilci Hrltannic Maje-'y * wa i atcauer learn- which captnred *Vk. 'a party had 100 caae* out of a crew of 130. IddHiotal ne?* from Mi n:irts>> I r any don'-tthe capture of Cnailslaiara *ml #e ci m plete -o t nf Manpi' Haia- ? advicee to the ?7th * . rece ?<? I it Vrw f?r ?in repie"'nt th" money n*rkct wa till .li? targe t *he I iitual int 'lie ' ? <? from the United State* The ?':car v. ? ' .?* In'!. Freight* n actne T.r<t Fi'moti'h, Janii.ha *V. I.), we hav?> in'"' ma'c it t'ie ;.l nf V \ mt? ' T >o ataamer* lud feten'.ikei into 1* ??? >y*l l>v I1?r V*|e?y'< ame flai leo 'i but )?otli '* jmMi*ked in ot.e ol t%e Kiogaton p ?j era a * a"*''n?t theit ?;> t#?, allesing tl i' tfcey w. re ('al.j* >a?t.ng..* ?ela .? i : alairf r*. > ? i >v i. er ' id appeared *t P.. * IU.yal. or ' t 1 <r Ma <-at \ "a stataier H ira m <if*v'f,*> "H. ?<< ? were la doj 4t the* v? llofpital.at.il 'he ll}"di.? put to Ml M a e?t im ?. th the intention n! ! ?? ~c the con rale* ? eat a- ?;? niu>U N ?? .v?- tl..ift i,: <>tr n leatha had nr cmImi oatd tl n n ' !,ip Im.ium (Tt gun** llt'ort Ro^al. an.* ?! r? ? rr ifc nieVn' aa id the pav?*>? it He.'tr.'ii \',e?5, t'ornw.ill ooc.ntv The j?ri r< '? Of the fotthcowiof cro, * were ho 1 ly fav 'i' !e. <io*trao l?arii'>5 had !? 1 ' ' e t- y .1 ; i Ur n ' * the meet o| the i eeklatnre on the nh Itimo. for the de?patch of btiainea* v "ormy ?e?fon waa aaticipatrd oa the aubject of amending the onati tntlon *o >a to throw more power into the htn la of the Aaaembly. The ialand defen ?a were ?i?rcl?tnt the jwibMc mind. The ffllttatecr militia waa voted ? ftti'Wt. aa<! ? eali wa* betng m?de for more regnlar troop*, whl h, however, woold involve the addition.'' ei pendlt' te nf anm* fioo <100 per anr .m. A new .t,d|e of tlie Poprene Tourt Hon. Allan Ker, of Hoaahaiea? bad i ?-e?> -worn in, but the Falmouth Port thoagl:t h ? >nJact uniignl'^ in having * i .-en the KlarMon paper* teaiimonial* aa to hi* character. Trou le wa* anticipated fa FTa! month, ia refrrettee to a Freabyteriao place of worahip ia Iftigatlon ' e'ween the National httreh rvf a'->t' '* ? the t'nited I>e?*?yteH*t, (4|?. i i i menta have been m?<tr , the A poet mortem exaiw iatinn , rt vealiDK the fait tkat the Uirougk the lower part > The inqueat wilt be e Couaty Cou t room, ?emriit ia yf?ter?1aj'? *1 KAio ftat fhfr f'atrck Kel!/ who ki!:ed was thWrus e? liif aarae name who was ac-at to tae Sf ite P- or *>ire thr'e years ngo. for bung rcn eeroed ;u the murder of Hagh Ktlly, ta a mistake. Iberia a * ii kititd ia aa ent.rely di1et"nt pffiOD The ( nited ijooo'of war Caotberkiud. de?(iucd tor tive (n.[f squatirba, aucliureJ at v/t.a rrtoi.iii j t-ali-rday. Tje ft. iisa uia/fcet ru rj .,?< jcansr I*/, whus pricoa n tbe an wer? ttvvly Ti<> at <mi ctn:,-vie4 to 'Cl 6J0 balr Sf -ue brotcer* cablet m,4fT..Df aplanrfs at 19 ^c a 1( ' r Pour m oe*'-y, and lower for n mrnmi braaOe. while extra padee tro'o ancbaof?d. bet cl aed w'tfi ?oino leaa rfguta/ ty Wheat ??' Oca*/ iml uull, w ib tue turn of tbe maiici a favor of jnirchaaera (Xm waa about tbe nmo, with a n?*iv demand from tbe ?t*ia! ami K after* trade, ar t with aome puixtiaaea for eaport r?rk ?aa be*?/auJ lower owe* auUl at tit Tb a ?1? H a*l prima at *11 60 a tU Ti. tfagarawcra quiet aul aaiea moderate, 1*0 hbda. Cuba au<l b08 boit-a ?ers aiapoacd ol, at raUa |lv?a la another column; tot awxk will be found un.lar another bead. Coflee was romparaMvaly quiet and doll: tbe stoak wtU be fouud eiiowbere VrelfhU were ateadr, while en gagement. were moderate. Tlic Mtrtlag of t'aafrtai?rhc He vol u tlonary Oaaftra of the 1 Intra. We at and upoa tbe threshold of the moat momentous event* in the history of modern civilisation. < >ur Thirty -sixth Congress reas sembles on Moaday nevt; and as its constitu tional limitation is tbe 1th of March, it will have only three months lor the consideration of the weighty concerns that will come before the two house* T'tis is a brief interval for work, cocsidering the exigencies of the day; but. under the extraordinary condition ot things at this crieie. b^twe^a the North and the South, we i ear. not so much that the session will be too abort for its ueedfnl measure* ol legislation, as that i* will be too long for the credit of our popular institutions. In no instance since the day of tlie D?cUra tion of Independence, trom *hich this L'aion started into life, have we had the meeting of any Congress marked by the dangers of disso lution and revolutionary acts of violence which will onfront the two houses with their meeting ou Mmtday next Our readers will remember the fearful scenes of sectional ex citement in 'he House at tbe last session, pend ing (he despot ate and procUcted struggle for the J-pt:ak*r, and how narrowly, on seve ral occasions, the government escaped a revolutionary explosion frcm a bloody fight of tbe factirns. Then, however, the pro fsl&rer; Hotepnrsot the South and the abo lition fanatics ot the North were restrained, to a great extent, by coraideratioos of policy bearing upon the Presidential canvass Now the Presidential election has been decided, It has driven the South to the wall, the Southern States are at the fever beat of revolution, and their representatives, in many cases, will return to Washington no longer impressed with the virtue of svhmission, but ready to noize the first provocation for a bloody reckoning. We are not, there! ore, disposed to be very hopeful of good results from any compromise movements in this Congress. Various proposi tions for a sectional reconcilia ion will doubt* less be submitted, including one or more for amendments of the constitution, or for a new I constitutional convention of all the State*, or for tbe restoration of the Missouri compromise. But within the last few day? the mtnlfeetation* of tbe disunion spirit in tbe cotton States" have almost convinced us that tbe day ot com prcmices is focarer gone, that nothing now can prevent a dissolution of this Union, and tint o <'e aissolved. tbe only alternative of peace ?ilk' be tbe organization, wi h tbe consent of both sections and of all partie* con cerned, of the slaveholdlng section aod the non alavehdding action, each under a govern ment of it* own. In this arrangement of a peaceable i-epara tion '.be reaidc&ry effects of the present general government might be equitably divided, after the fashion of the division of the property of the great Methodist Episcopal church, with its teparation upon the slavery issue Into the church North and the church South. This separation of this church, which Mr. Calhoun considered, in bis dying speech in the Senate, the snappirg of one of the strongest cords oi the Union, suggests the peaceable mode of ac <|iiif*cirg io a dissolution of the government iteelf. in the event, therefore, of this dissolu tion. which now seems to be inevitable, it ii to be hoped that the example of the Methodist church will be adopted by the *tate*meo and people of the North and the South In their or ganization o( a Northern ami a Southern ccnfederacy. Meantime. in an editorial article which we ttansfer to this paper from the a republican poliUco-religioua journal of this city, our readers will perceive bow small is the mere incident of Lincoln's election in the great chapter of tb<> Sontbern disunion igiution. In this frank exposition of the sen timents and programme of the re publican party, the journal in question says tbnt although Lincoln Is elected, 'the rf gantic in'qul'y (slavery) still s?*nds: hostile to the sp'rit of the constitution and the kncva policy v( Its fininers; hostile to the whole genlu* of our ;r?e I uiiiutions; hostile to? very principle and precept of Christianity: an orgtMlaed, tin mitigated sj?tem of wicked Be ft," and that '?while that system stands we CAQDOt let it alooe. " Nex we are told what Congress c\n do toward* the suppression of this system of wicke<ln#es." n d that mealtime it l? our duty to labor f? r lt? extermination by all tbe moral ?riM that Red l? i" pti*. in our p^wer, by argu ment, by tes'imooy. by tbe pulpit ir 1 the pre'' , by kusiacM mid ?o:ial (the Helper book') influences Tbls U " ? correct definition of the ' Inepres , . c?- 1. fl ? ' pr 'aimed by Mr. Lincoln and Mr S* VmrJ tad in virtue of which th# repub lican natty oi tbe North ba? reached the Preel deocy W? earn:: letj th:? conflic'. hut we cataot rfCofti** i*. ?i bout aimiulog that to r-ef off tbe Sorb the Union In the d-sirab'.e elatior s of pssce. the deep seated and widely die sed moral an-1 religious b< *tili'y of the North against ?lavrry must be reversed? that the Hnpendtus %r, \ incessant labors on the side of the Northern -*nti 'lavery agitation ot thirty years mus? all tie undone and that the North ern mind must be re educated to the recog nitlon of slavery as a necessity to th? Union and to Southern society. fn tbls glcoir\ aspect of th* <|>ie?Mon. the as pect In which if is gene rail reg .rded m the South can we hope that Southern disunion m*n will ?c k upon sr.y offers of compromise In nuy other light than as cunning ?rt?ii. ?s betr.ir their f ii ?im "ibf sUre po*.?-r. " Into i *?>? .??*? 'uritj* <>t?T hcpe? in beh?lf s| thi< Hn'on hitherto altc ng. ar" now weaker than o f?*r< of n >tnt?rn Tte two .*ec" ^ %r* ni.Tn'.' alren*- from each other. The Union ? it exists ie onlj a technical and commercial Union said, commercially, the South regard it , as d;aiabg their rMO. rcM to enrich the hostile North. Uuder it<** cir. umstances. aud In view of ; this irrepressible conflict,' we cannot co tem plate the reassembling of Congreee without j ?*031# apprehensions that the "rrecot liable ele- , mesta of t aat body, instead of listening to com- j pn.iii-t-n tor onvicg the Union, will be apt to -*Ize the first occasion to "precipitate a revolu tion in the Capitol itoelf. We nr ?t therefore repeat our admoniticos of forbearance to the more pr;d?nt members of the republican par ty and warn them against permitting their bumners and Lovejoji, in either home. to re joice over the downfall of "the slave oligarchy" , with Liucoln's election. The Union maybe put all remedies, but torbearance and ooicilia tion on the republican side may. at all events, prevent an abrupt :< <d bloody termination in the Capitol of the exiting government of the | United States. Wax thk Pmsovc L-bkrtt Buxh ie Re ! i'fajao!? II is with the greatest reluctance that we are constrained to answer this ques tion in the negative. The action of the Legis lature of Vermont mty be taken as an indica- ! tion of what it is probable ail the other North ern State*, with the exception of Pennsylvania 1 aad Rhode Island, are likely to do in the pre- ( mises. A bill to repeal the Personal Liberty law in Vermont was introduced into the Legis lature of that State, and was rejected, though twenty-five of the more moderate republicans voted for it. There is no reason to suppose that the result will be dlflxrent in any other Northern Stat* -, excepting Pennsylvania. Con nects ut and Rhode Island, whose commercial connection with New York city and the South will probably render an appeal to the sober second thought ot the people effective to the extent ot removing from the sta'-uie book the ' obnoxious nullification of a law of Congress and the compact of the constitution. It is evident, from the tone and temper I of the republican journals and orators in the Northern State*, tliat they do not want to heal the breach between the North and the South, but to keep the wound open till the llaal separation takes place. The violent sermon of Beecher on Sunday tu*t is an evidence of tnis. There is one grand motive which operates on the republican politicians aud demagogues - they calculate that In a Northern confederacy they would have a monopoly of the spoils and of power for the term of their natural lives; whereas that would not only be impossible, if the Union continued, but 'heir lease of the public plunder would very soon expire, and their party would become more demoralized and dkurganiztd than even the democratic party. These prospects may seem very fine lor the republican office seekers; but the rank aud file ot the republican party, who have followed their leaders as sheep follow Ih*11 w? hers, m*y find out when it is too late the value o( that Union which their folly has lost lorever to them and to tbelr posterity. It seems u> if the old proverb, "that those whom the gods would destroy they first infatuate." was des tined to receive another verification in the his tory of the republican party. Hut the most melancholy consideration Is not that they com mit political ?oirlde. bu? that r\* the ??tire time they cut the throats ot their own children and of their inn< cent neighbors, w'io Lave be. u ever oppoeed to their revolutionary and destructive measures. Saims in C<>(+r ? With- Tun Si * Ctifi's.? 1 Tbe superstition ofs.iilorta* to the ill lnck attending the compnny of a p vs >n dur ing squally weather ia familiar to all who hare been much at tea. The prejudice, unre iaouab!e as it ia. bat a common sect# oripia When danger 'breatens a vessel the '.error inspired by it often gives to the prW s greater in fluence than to tbe captain, and in taking care of ibeir salvation in the other world both crew and paeeengers are apt to neglect securing the means of safety in this. Hence the presence of a clergyman in a storm at sea ba? cxne to be associated with disaster in the sailor t mind, and ia always looked upon with a foreboding eye. We believe that it was Nelson who had the same prejudice against psalm ainging sea cap tains that the common sallo^baa against a par son. Rightly or erroneously, be bad conceit e.1 tbe idea that they were the wrong sort of stuff to make good effioers out of. Tbe experience of our own nary unhappily tends to con Arm this oplnien. Such men are but too oft#n found to be martinet*, dictatorial and ar bitrary ia their bearing, and odiout to their subordinates A ? a matter of oouree. the discipline on board tb*>ir ships it bad, and court martiali are frequent Their over-righteouaceea ia no more successful with tbe tailor than are blue laws md Sabbath or dinancea with tbe landsman But the folly ofthete naval fanatics mf<<r*u nat?ly. doea not atop here. It U sometime* puvbed to tbe paint of violating tbe laws of hospitality, and of infringing upon the right* of con* >n -e. Take for instance, the treatment ot the Ja panese on board the Niagara on their voyate boire. If ever there wa< an r>c:a?ion wh*n delicacy ;n regard to religious interference was called for it was this. The Japanese are a highly civllired and intelligent people, acd ba^ a Veen ??n!?e of sojial proprieties To forcibly obtrude t pon them tbe ob^n-.tajet of a crse?i opp'?#ed to 'heir "ympi'bie* was no' only in e\"eesively bad ta??e b it it w.?? tbe worat possible meant tb-at could b* adopted to convert 'hem Notwithstanding facts so obvious, we learn from our correspondent on bo&rd the Niagara that during the vojaje out Captain McKean has never relaxed for a moment his etforte at proselyt ism Morning noon acd nfjht hi* guests have been surTeited with the prayers and oeremanles of the Episcopal chnrch Reserved and self-pos's***-! though they are, the Ambassadors could not help mani (Vftirg their displeasure at this trea'Tien*: but fbelr cwnflaintj do not ???m to have prod i:ed any abatement of the annoyance The "captain of th?* Niagara is evfden'ly tn fltted for bis position A man of so contra sd a mind it not a proper person to en'rust the command of others to; *til| te?? he ad > '*d for so deiioate a duty M th *? which wai dele gated t? him on this ncpa?ln*?. Th? nropsr field for a man of his 'cmper ?roen' i? tftn.iic Ijn congregation. w!tl? llem W *rd Re< li-? a* a coadjutor. There ^re no : rdd'? . ? c,r exertion flr?t ?n< h utifj- #Bfbab1e VtWtl <v?C.ip tain MeKfan DlMlIti la Ik* C Bltad Btatw-OlMMlw la Karope. When, la 1776, the American Declaration cf independence was promulgated throughout the world, all ?orop? looked on with amazement and surprise. The id fa of self-government in ?o vist a country, and so remote from "civilized" Europe, seemed to them both bold and visionary. Greece and Rome had been republics, and long -since crumbled to dust. The problem was considered to have been solved, and a republic in perpetuity pro red an impossibility. Since that memorable date, through a period of over eighty years, has thin thriving and glorious republic been watched *>y statesmen of all nations, and wonder at its complete suocsm been expressed by tbe most enlightened and the most monarchal The influence of this great beacon light of the world has. year after year, spread its bright rays over the political darkness of Europe, and England was the first trophy of its mighty power and influence. The government of England is. in its practi cal working essentially democratic. Its un written constitution is moulded by the succes sive enlightenment of public opinion. The sovereign has but little political power, personally, but is the ''fountain of honor;" and in the case of the virtuous and beloved Queen of that nation, her influence on domestic morals is felt throughout all circles oi society. It is the 'ministry who, if they err, are subject to popular censure. Tbe people, through their representatives in Parliament, by a vote of want of confidence, compel their resignation, and the sovereign is forced to appoint others to govern who have the confidence of the people's representatives Government is thus plastic, and is moulded by the people at their will. There can never be a revolution, in the ordinary meaning of the word? viz, popular violence ? from politicai causes in England. In vain the aristocracy re sisted the frequent appeals of the people for tbe paeer-ge of the tamed "Reform bill;" yet the force of public opinion obtained it. Catho lie emancipation and the removal of Jewish disabilities were accomplished by the same potent, peaceful and j et irresistible force. Now, we a?k how has this great lever? public opinion? iu England been created.' It is? it cannot be denifd ? the direct and indirect re sult of the freedom and success of the great American republic through its free press, and the interchange of personal observation and intelligence between these two enlightened nations. Great Britain's North American colo nies have shared largely in these advantages. Compare, for a mement, the tyranny and op pression and the palpable ignorance by which they were governed by the imperial authority of the mother country at the time of the Ame rican Revolution, and' long afterwards, with the freedom and self government they now enjoy. Then, when England became inoculated with the liberal principles of government, of Ameri can germ, and their influence begin to be felt and acknowledged, she joined her sanctified in fluence to that of America, and shed light and liberty broadcast throughout monarchal and despotic I .urope. from their mighty Kude light, whose blaze wa* resistless. Admit that its fruits have been of slow growth; lor so delicate a plant as liberty is difficult to make thrive amid tbe rooks and briers of a despotism which has ensoiled itself for centurif - Wi tness this influence in modern days. France passed through the phases of a republlo. only iu uame. to au empire which Na poleon III was called by the free votes of the people to govern, and whose aim is now to ex tend the bl? ssings of commerce and manufas turea for tbe bappine?a of hto people. Russia now moot* he question of the abolition of ?erf dom. Pr\i.?"ia is little behind England in the desire tbnt her throne may be sustained by the lore and attachment founded on the happioets of her mbjeetd Austria? ao har?h. ao fyraani cal and arbitrary? to now promulgating law* (or the freedom and welfare ol her people; and at tbl* moment a new era of the birring of a win; gor-unment it springing up in that hitherto cruelly oppressed nation, July has nearly acbiered her freedom, and no power can now atrmt the fiat which lie<*T?n hw sent forth !cr liberty and h%ppine?? to that enMared race. A Kitg hat beeu cboten by ! nciTmal r, ffrage. The tyrannical Francit 11 ha* been dnren forth a* aa exile and a w?n deter. We migbt trace ?bi? iniluen.e orer a wider field. aLii point to di?tant land* yet "wrapped in the gloom of night." which will come int j tbie happy family of < briatian and political liberty: but Unit mb b may * . (li e. Now baring tra.ed ? be benign efTe* * which hare flowed irom the Mccea* of tbto I nion ol American Stat"*. let as reflect deeply uye. let erery CbrltUan and erery true American citlsen within the length and breadth ol tbie va*t republic m??a?ure hi* reiponaibi'ity at thia critto- that tbe bappine** of the world depend* on 'he perpetuity ol thi* Union. We.annot brine cir mind* t > be'i<*re* that the t itien will be di<* jlred. and the glory of anAmen an republic pr ire .u empty boat' and a mockery and 'h*' such lbrlr(n< Sts*?a will ?ettle down in fat ire to *epara*??. petty aod in*tcnU< an n.ttfocs. ( .reign t j ? ch otter, and liable to tn*-roe< ine war* rendering each entirely !int?.. ile a 1 pen ei let* -the acorn of erery oirili/ed n"ien In Europe. Yet? mt h mar unkappilj p- re to b? the llllMtl IV wit of 'he present ae< e*aion mire ment. It not toon M'fitil by the powerful will ud earneat en operation <>? all con?erra,i?e men. both North aod Soutk. and suck cooce* *ion? made to 'he South ?? they hsre a clear rivbi to demand. Let tbe work jo en to the fearfnl lecr'h we bare fianoed at and *000 will the progress of liberal r'.ewa in I urope be checked, and tbe current t med backward* Pespotism will be exhumed from !?* slimy grave and once more breatbe the breath of life and. .lathed in all tbe majesty of a thri *e armed power, deal forth its Nero like tjrannr. to *conrge and cure* tbe buman race. Dl^wsr actio* 01 Gaittin wtnt Victor F!w*\tTi ? It will be aeen by the letters from Naple*. published elaewbere. that tbe parting of Garibaldi and Victor Emanuel was marked by *ome unpleasant Incidents. A *ligbt bad been put upon Mordini. tbe Sicilian pro-Di3t*tor, by Fariti. because hi* deapatcbe* to Bertani hid been found, rerealing tbe fact that be had intr*gned to hare the anrexation delayed. To Garibaldi himaolf aome dt*respe?t (uninten tional. no do'tb* b?l alao bean offered. which Howerer, ?eem? '0 bare bad let* effect upon him 'ban b .? shown tosrards his ?nlleape I I Tbe renult w ? that. In reply to tbe King's ' solicitation* to rezn&ic, ie seat Us Majesty aa ultimatum fixing M conditions Liiat lie should be created Lieutenant General. with extensive civil and m Hilar 7 powers, that the acts of his dictatorial government should be respected, and j that Fiintl and Farinl. should be dismissed. The King refused the-e concessions, and the consequence was that Garibaldi resolved upon immediately retiring to Caprera. We shall feel sorry if these statements aw confirmed We would fain believe that the ex j dictator withdrew without any stipulations and out ot a desire to spare ;he Kiog's government any embarrassment What he U stated to have demanded could not have been conceded by Victor Fma.icel as a constitutional sovereign bound to act by the advice and consent of his Parliament. It seems to us improbable that Garibaldi should have proceeded to sach , lengths, even in a moment of pique. Admit- j ting, bowe\ er, the statement to b? true, we do . not anticipate any mischievous results from it. , The quarrel is merely a personal one, and in volves no question of principle on Garibaldi's i side. He is too patriotic ami disinterested to visit upon tbe cause of Italy his private resentments. Till lUvvUloa, Put aai to Cumm Some months before the election, when the commercial pressure began first to be felt in tke city, ths republican journals were systema tically and maliciously circulating reports about the instability of this house and thai en gaged in the Southern trade, and throwing out dark reports of their solveucy and so forth. This system was adopted for the purpose ot counterbalancing the general revulsion which was sure to come after the election, in the even' of the success of the republican abolition party At that time we predicted that this result could not (all to bring on some trouble sooner or later: but the republican papers iusisted tha? there was no danger, and *hey attempted to chow that the revulsion was all over. But now the men and the journals who could not or would not then see the danger ahead of us ire com pelled to admit that it his come. and many ot them shiink bac k appalled at the position Ir which the country stand*. The object of 'hus stigmatizing some of the Southern bouses who weie opposed to thi re publicans in politics was to create the idea that, months before the election was decided we were actually going through a revulsion aod t>y Inference argue that the election had little or nothing to do with it. Thua false an<< malicious reports were put in circulation, ann one of our most respectable firms in Uie gro eery tmde, the head of which took a somewhat active part in public affairs, was attacked seve ral times in this way, although it ia well kiewn tbat this bcuse has a surplus of over a million ot dollars, and tbat for twenty years of it* existtuce it baa uevt racked for an extec "ion or indulgence for a singl* day, even in time ot panics. And what course are the republican journals pursuing now in the face of the alarming cir cumstances surrounding us? They are talking flippantly of the s*rlous movement In the Southern States. and they say. -Let the South go if it wants to: we csn get along without It." It is all very fine for a set of politicians, after obtaining a victory and getting all they wanted? the spoils of the federal office*, which they suppose will amount to some eighty mil lions of dollars? It fc very fine for them to say let the South go; but wihen this secewioa revo lution begins to move, as it will in March next, and the terrible denouement come*, every commercial interest in the whole catin try will tumble down, and i's effects will be felt nowhere so much as in this great city of New York. Real estate will be depreciated fifty per cent in leas than a month; a house on Fifth avenue will not bring a third of its pre went value; it will be impossible to collect retts; operatives will be thrown out of em p'ojmrut by thousands the shipping trade will receive a shock Irom which it cannot re cover tor years to come; church establishment* will be shaken to their centre, und even the daily newspapers will suf*r. for probably one third of them will be driven into bankruptcy. an<l will vanish out of sight altogether. Such are the events before us when the see?*s mod movement reaches a climax, and it is fiat approaching it Already Ita effects are Mt here, as we have demonstra'ed. in the Uarraing diminution of trade and manufactures within a few weeks fast, the countermanding of orders from the South, and the discharge of some fifteen or eighteen 'housand working people from the factories and stores in and around the city. In view of the?# facts, how idle it is to ray. "Let the South go; we can get along by our own indastry; -the North Is not to be bullied " and such like braggadocio. We can not afford to lat the South go. and it is madness to contend that an empire, broken up into fragment*, can maintain the prosperity which has characterized this united republic tor the last eighty years. A terrible commercial dis aster is imminent if the Southern States secede. We are at this moment enveloped in the dark ness that too surely precede* a tempeat; yet these republican journalists and politician* do not ?eem to know anythir-r mure about the po sition in which we are placed now than tbey did six months before the e>titioo ?b?n they scoffed ?' tbe Idea d a ? ting . Vuisioa. and told us that it wa> a' o\e; M >re .%er. the city Oi New Yuk is if< in/ ??e tue /ren ti*t sufferer when the crash >. ir. ? n 1 he _uut.de racy of the banks upon win ti an mu^'i teliance is placed, will prove of but very ?tti?ll aocount in the hour of trial They will b u ?n?; f eventually, like the Wanks ot Charleston Baltimore, and St. Louis, and the reet. Thi* may be a gloomy and disagreeable picture; but who can look upon the outlines and not see tbe terrible colors with which it is about to be ' filled up ? - Proti sT.*sr rHOTaB a.n tit* 4 Iru. v No sooner Wve the political prospects of Italy be- 1 gun to aseume a satisfactory aspect than tbe Protestant missi narles step in to bring about further complications folei in' a* the Torfn Cabicet has shown itself, tbey are now pressing demands -tpon It which cannot but pla ?? It In serious embarrassments. All this in the fase of the fact that there Is not and never can be any sympathy between Protestan'i'ir and *he La'in ra.es. Protestantism bears ttie stamp of the intellectual peculiarity and materialism of the nrrthern natiooe. It cat have no attention for an Imsgina'lve and ?tlr*>ly ImpresMonUtle people like ?he Italians in whose eyes ar? >? closely id'-ntlfted with reli*ion ff tbe Prote" ant mil sionartes will only \e>re pmi'* of Halt alofe ,vtey Will Soon wr?rW mil the reform* lh 4 are needed in (heir church. TV* FjL'H osa^m 6iAa?*> r- N T < ? \ Gat Aa:.o.? Thers art ia this wox -d a grvat ma"1 j? people who wo-?dp&tigi?jlj oa til* edge of a precipice. partake of a d* -f* ? '* Jowche'.le in /be crater of a volcano, or aa?< preparation* fo\ a bail on thetjvs of th? *e.'. Ami thea there k still another claw jjom m ?mom taaa the tfarelees philosopher* abO'/? mentioned. We have pJ'nfy of historical proofis to shew that people are always the moat M il vugant. reckless aad addicted to all kiads >( amufeuent when their alairs. politka. ml financial, are in the worst potsible conditio*. We all remember the etory of the Assyrian mo narch, whose empire was overthrown while to wae at a grand feaat. and know that just ait cb* moment when the Sybarite and his gneets w?r? read j for their pipe*? If they had any m. those days? the palace resounded with tbt victorious shouts of the foe. So it wu with the Court of Louis XV. Pahs wu never so elegantly wicked as in tb* eighteenth century, and thh gayety culminated I just before the reign of the guillotine oom , meaced and France was deluged with the blo?d ! of her own sons. We might multiply these examples; but that is not required. Haough is as good as a feast, and we have only to apply the historical parallel t ? the social aspect of the metropolis at the pre sent moment We ase told, and indeed we caa see for ourselves, that notwithstanding the financial crisis, the threatened revolution in tb* South, the terrible winter that is before us. te say nothing of the gloomy prospect bejoni that. New York is as gaj as ever. The fashioa able season has commenced magnificently. Young New York congratulates itself upon th? fact that there are to be more parties than ever. Miss Flora McFUmsey has issued her cards for receptions, aud that amounts to a party onco a week. Old Mr. Coupon groans in Wall at?-?jet all day. but gives splendid dinners in the eve" nir g. Several grand weddings are on the Upis, private theatricals and bo > m"s<p ?? are pro jected. slow people are getting fast, and faat people are getting faster than ever. This sta*? ! of things Is very agreeable to the directors of . public entertainments. The Opera and the theatres (as in Paris during the Reign of Ter j ror i are full every night. Of course the man age rs fail to accredit this to the proper cauae, and. with proverbial egotism say "we did if The miniature Napoleon of Irving place has opened his operatic campaign so brilliantly tlat be is quite astonished at his own success. Ue claims it all. He says the public is charm ed with my generalship, astonished by my proclamations, ravished by my tube en s ? ?, captivated with my lingers and conquered by my armors. And all his am/re ^ in the thea tres ate of UHman's opinion. They say it is my piece, or the brilliancy of my st-irs, or the beauty of my scenery, which (ills my ho:j*s every night They are all wrong, ft is the general faeling in the community that wo have very tough times ahead, aad people hav* resolved to shut their ejes to the calamity which New York city Has done its best to avert, and to forget in light and agreeable entertainments 'he danger* whiob menace the country. We are told also that the black republican members of Congress Intend to entertain libe rally at Washington this winter, and to heal the breach with champagne and pati Je at. We ore of the opinion, however, that | before a great while tteir wine will be of a ' very sanguinary color; that their balls will be 1 sLsty four pound shot, tbeir dinners disturbed by invitations to the field of Mars, and their breakfasts not quite as agreeable as they might be under more favorable circumstances. How ever. things must take their natural course. If the ship is to go down while the officers and crew aie fiddling, dancing, singing, eating, drinking and flirting, no human power caa pre vent it. Perhaps it is as well to take things ** easily as poeaibie. So let the dance go oa. Only let us understand the true state of the case as we go along. Srxun \u Fi omn Slavs Cask in Cvwm - The Court of Queen's Beach, sitting at Toros to. C. W , has now under Its consideration *he cam of a black nan formerly held to si * v-ry In Missouri but now residing in Canada, aad claimed under the Ashbnrton treaty, While endeavoring to escape from Missouri the fugi tlve was met by ti planter named Diggn. who attempted to arrest him. The slave killed Ditrn?n by slabbing him twice or thrice with ? bowie kniie. The State of Missouri now de mands the murderer from th?* Canadian go vernment. The case was first brought before a Toronto magistrate, who advised with the At torney General for the Crown, and this official referred the matter to the Judges. Faiuen* oouneel appeared on both sides, and the argu ment* have attracted a ere n deal of attention. The counm-1 for the negro set up a defenoe generally thought entirely untenable, lie argued that as the act of the black man would not bare been a crime in Canada, it did not oome within the ot?M of offences to which the treaty ex tends It was generally beliered that the Judges. nc'wi'hstanding their sympathy with the ii| are, would send him back, in view of wliLh tbct. a c 'respondent uf the Trib >? nig ce*ts tbs* fceo to be rescued immediately niter be croft*** the Canadt line. We trust thai tie p? Ople i ? Sorthern New York and hirnp are n^' so tb trough's blind to all eu>e o' justice u to pay any !i<-ei to this most tafcOKma suggestion. Vkr nr'.rder *m? ? deliberate ooa. and after he slave bad Inflicted the first wound, and while 'be planner wis lying upon the grp'.aJ, tU bUck Kan ? bb-ti him again When si ch deeds go unpunished, who will say that the people of the South have no cause of com plaint ? Ftaia Arte. Tticrr* ? plrfare of "Hips" errtroS from it Id* )a?l tt r?ir, ?t>rra It baa beea tnr mm a Maths m> pyitf la <bmtao larfrapbM list We uaSorataad tbat to* pa fitter ?IM b? *bortiy eiblblted la Iblaetty *? rswai'f t<*4 ooosstoa to speak ts t/rai of wana ?<*r ;?i a of tbe "itndare'Ja" of Vm Lartaa, aaw eibl t? t'?* at Mr rasas' i tilery, M MaaSwtf *? sea I U to fts<t oar jodemfat of II ? bnrao oat by tas HWStSl trrdict of tbt pub.le. tb* flMtsry w dally crows <*l t?y r>aU*r? atiractad by tbe ni<riu of lbs platers Mr fUrdiaf bss issued corn fn- his I'M ?*?? m (M-?rw na Moaday rreaiaf aost, la bw aaw laraw ta Mo tnl??raly, wbisb btn b?* otefaatly MM up for Ike asraaMs Bctldra tbt al'.raotlea ?( a Sao aatMaMoa of piriuret, thsrt out be a sfcsteo oioimiI pi atMww. tt# ? ?t>d by Mtdurte Clara RriahnboS m4 Haaara MiUaM Oatrra?rl tad Milie. ibo pian ?i Tba?* eatortaia ?*?"?. ?h i'fh attitl eo >e|b In ferta. art a notoi.y la >m r ted v lartiattuat to tb>am ?r? a?H pars bss* ?*'? <a*? l< ir. (i> ta a* . <w usiie ew Kr< i??. oasr* o* * Vtav I ?mia Xi ? Tea Cbsai? It cob i) p%ltrt r r,wd tt* <!?Mb "f '*r**>a Tb*mpf?eabiy >?? at ui? Sr?li ?a fisa 'a ?ba t>art?? Psalra Ho w*t*?t *?. ?m* tiBa 41?|>C , ;d?. ?4 r -r la .o j- a?t ;ta, bat ?k ? ?l t ? -? i i lSS jw