Newspaper of The New York Herald, February 1, 1861, Page 2

ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE BOHEMIAN'S MAILS. American Democracy aud Eu ropean Royalty. The English Method of Carrying Out the Ashburton Treaty. THE COTTON FRIGHT. THE POLITICAL AND FINANCIAL IMBROGLIOS, kt; 4t' The mails by tho steamship Bohemian, whicharrived at Portland Wednesday morning, reached this city last evening, having been dolayed by a severe snow storm which prevailed in Massachusetts aud Maine ou Wednes day night. A telegraphic synapsis of the news by this arrival has already been published, but the detulls are of some im portance. The J-ondon Post of the 16th ult. In discussing the case or Anderson, tho Camilla fugitive, illustrates tiie Knglisli method of enforcing the stipulations of the Ashburtou treaty bj saying Wt regard the freetlom of Anderson as a matter already secured. lie must be brought to this country, and, vheii i4ice here, the profile of England will take good care that he it nut reUorul to the tender mercies of the tan quinary Missouri tlare code. Tl.e I.ondou Tintes of the 17th tilt, says:? We Lelieve that there is 110 truth in the announcement of the death of the Duke of Sutherland, which appeared in one of the morning papers yesterday, llis Grace has beeu suffering from serious illncvs for some time past, but the uccounts last night were uot hopeless. The Paiis (.'< vstUvtionnel states that the present opinion at Frankfort seems to bo that the majority of tho Uor manit States will not consent to associate in hostile tnoa turos ugalust Denmark The Paris corresjiondent of the London Star siys:? The despatch of tho Fronch lleot to the Adriatic is looked upon as a con tinned fact. Tho purpose of this step ou the part of the government is not kuowu for certain, but Is believed to be a measure of pre caution against Garibaldi's intended movements for the munlh of March. Ihe Cabinet of Turiu has manifested oix-nly its intention of suppressing the enrolling of volunteers, which Is an indirect though clear evidence of the abandonment of all participation In Garibaldi's plans on Venetia. But Garibaldi seems not disposed to wait for tho concurrence of .Sardinia; but, silent as to his projocts, he causos many people to doubt whether his nal designs are directed, after all, to that province. It isth night that lie will go into Hungary by Dahnatia, and raise the population 011 his march. Civour has been summoned to an -wer upon this subjoct; but t'a vour protests that lie Is u stranger to Garibaldi's inten tioLS.and that thoarummetilNand expedition aro in opposi tion to his will. But Austria will rendor Piedmont ro fc|Kinsible for every attack made upon her territory, wbetter by(partis.'ins or regular troops, whether through Dalmatia, lstria or the 1 'anube, whether made by Gari baldi or by Turr, by kiapka or Mierolawski. The London Star Of the 17th ult. says:? Tbe expert cf gold from LIverpool, which commenced to fisiutn ? shipments of an enormous nature about six weeks ago. still continues from that p >rt to tho L'nited State*,, aud the late a Ivlces from the Cnion, instead of reducing the export of specie, stem to give it greater im petus. Ou Tuesday, bar gold to the amount of ?50,000 was taken from the Biuik of England aud sent to Liver pool for shipment to New York by tho Hoamship Etna, which sailed yesterday (Wednesday), taking out, iu all, 000 in specie. Nuii" large lirius in Liverpool, anti cipating a prolonged, if uot a disastrous, contest between the North and South State#, have, It was rumored yes terday, remitted large ordtrw to the StaUS for luiuieuso purchases of cotton, &c. A letter from I'uuib, In the PreJurg Oa:etU, mvs ? Kossuth, Klupka, Inasz, Kmoty, Xautus, Boke ami Ron ay have been elected members of the CommUulon of tho comitat of Kaab, in tbe midst of tho most enthusiastic acclamations. A f ertain number of hosnedt assembled here on the evening of the dt. Sylvestre, and anno to * resolution to erect a monument to the memory of the combatants who were kiHod In the neighborhood of lUib for the Hungarian cause. The honveds of the comitat of Comorn have crtotod a monument to the Uungariaus w ho fell in the battle of Acs. Thr Amrrimn llona partes In Europe and tlir Prince of Wulra In America. [Krcm the l/oodon Tlniee, Jan. 17. When the ITinco of Walee wm in the I'nltod Stat.'s the Amernan journal* amused themselves with speculating on the clws.ce of his being enslaved by the beauty or the America!! Ladies, and a* a precedent fir such a noble etp ture tbc> reproduced the story of Jerome Bonaparte and Miss Elizabeth I'atereon. That tile wag perfectly true. Jerome, youngest brother of Napolc.u I., did, in the year 1803. arrive in tho 1'nitod Putes. and there became ena mored of tbe daughter of William l'aterson, Esq , an honorable and woi tby citizen of llaltltnore. To th.it lady, on Christmas eve of the same year, he wa? ma-rleJ, and a Ron. named also Jerome, *u the issue ol the union. All this read* lik<- a bygone affair, but it happens to Bisset-s a very present and immediate inter"st indeed. iz>ibetb I'atenon is still living; she is at this moment in Paris with her son, and on the 'J5th of this month of January she will claim before the French oourts a shire of th. property left by her lute husband. What g ves the question uu extraordinary int.-rest is tb" fart that Hiioth r wlfo and .mother sou ef.illustrious rank compete for precedence. Jerome Bonaparte, the simple officer of tbe 1 iencli navy, liecame afterwards King of Westphalia mid in that capacity married tbe Prlbciss (U'herln-!, daughter of the King of Wurtombcrg, from which union issued the I'rlticese Mathilae, now siho wife of I'rin ? Demidoll, and Prince Napoleon, now the husband of tho Primes* Clot tide, of Knoj. as no Christina, however, Cjoi bare two wives at a time, the qii"stion I*, under what conditionJerome Bonaparte became entitiod to Uko a second during the lifetime of the first Ihe actual substance of the case can be very simply stated. ut.il will, at any rate by Kngttshfnen, be very eamlj understood Mr Kroude's History of Englan I hat recently revived the fvuous career of Kiag Heury Till . an 1 refreshed <?ur memories with the arguments avail i ble for the dissolution of an inconvenient marriage. In IMi .terutne Dona|>arte was but a private gentleman. In 1M)6 he wan a fcit-niher of an imperial family, and brother of ooe o< the m *t powerful sovereigns in the worid. With this change m his ooDdition .ill other things were change 1 | alao, and it became decirab'.o in the interest* of tbe new > dynast; that ilie lkinupirt<? should ally themselves with royal house* after ft<yal lashloti. "lhe cbier of the faini , ly was. not long in rt cognising these political obligations. ; He himself reiqpliated his wife Josephine to make wiy for an Austrian Archduchess, he urged his brother Lucien to annul his marriage, and h? Impressed the like duty on Jerome, l.ucien refused, but Jerome yielded to the pressure. It w,m true that lie and hi zi belli Tatersou were man ami wife, but fiw* never yet lackt-d pretexts for complying with the requisitions of kings. The end was that tbe American m.trriige was pronounced by tbe An hblsbon of Paris to b>' null aud void on the 1st of June, 1800, and the relosMd bus ' iiid contracted matrmony afresh on the lith of August, 1807 It will be readily imagined that sugh tiansa. Cons could not be acc >mplu-b?d without isomi) opposition. Hisabeth Peterson protested ss stoutly as yueen Katht rlne herself against the proceedings of her spo ise, aud indignantly relus. d to admit the alleged il.egiluy of Iit marriage. Afterwards, iudced. when her hush m'l had not only forsaken her, but had raise 1 another wife to her place, she made matters even by obtalniug a divorce, but in so dtting she exptessly reserved "her rights and those of ber son. '' Witn the restoration of th>. .N i polis.ii dynasty these dormant claims were n aurally re Tired, and Madame iJon.iparte and her son were thou enabled to appeal to many a kind recognition from Ui ? present Emperor of the Ereuch. It Is ci-ar, indeed, tint the Cater son family were watching events with great *6 licitwle, for, in the spring or 186i>, M .Jerome Booapu t ? addressed a letter inm Italtimore to tbe elitors"' M Thiers' "History of the jtAinsuUte and tho Empire," and requested that a note explanatory of the case might be inserted in the next volume of thatfwork. This roq i -st was complied with, *s the editors, ac<'ording to (he para graph with which the note Is introduced, did not pre sumo to decide for themselves "a question of Slats." Krom this document and the memoir lately compll"d m I'ai i* the public can be intormed of the poiuts osunsiby in dispute it is alleged, then, on behalf of those who impeaeh th j brst marriage, that Jerome Bonaparte was a minor at tbe time that uie consent of his mother, his only surviving parent, was not obtained, and that the young lady w.u a rroUetaut. while he was a Catholic. These appear the mote producible clauses oi the pica, though it hts beon ???!"??* yarkms occasions that th re was no due pibllcattoii of baiiM. tliai the ceremony was s-ie iiiiii/ed .v * 1^ ?"F *^ a foreign land, and that it c>Hi<l therefore be presunmhly re,Hided Melin lestlMandnuU. To these allegation it i< r.-,<, t tt, ?? n ? arsument can b?- founded on the bridegroom's f declared at the outset Ul?t^t ," republican navy in ikes him out to have h-en t vm iV two years ol age at the tin,.- t,ut in son's note above-nientioti'sl gives n m ?,,,iT years, we suppose t hose figures maybe ace.nMed ' it ! (hatageiaabovstheage.it which, bv the Krer. h e vil oode, a man ISOompetent tocontraet inat. mmny,'so tint we must needs suppose this point to !>?? d?nioiished Next, as regards the mother's consent It ii true , no . h that, though neither Ihe American law n .r the i mou law exacts sue h a condition, the I'reieh law d ^ bit that same law, It la akxi said, r<s< < .res t|j pro>.u of th ? mother to be made within a y>"ir aitir h rku *1 '<i. n' the lacis, whereas neither within tint;. M nor v time whatever did Jerome s mothei .mp^ih th1 > IMity of the act. As to the bride's "'1 ? ? .t do. tainly seem strange to found any ugum it mi i rh a po. I, i-eeing that the second w i?? whom i'rm v Jeroino to.?k in the pi ice of the tlrst w isff P(oi. ?l mt also Ijut the trnn an case Is aot trmfitied to tn u ftjoln (Wis. itae-i. ei. t'e les? '"tluite argumeiiis deriv I from tn pi;.!... . r tod rebuts them bj .in ppppal to oatvS. Ad .tttugnaata raiting hooie u <m titled to plase restrictions oo the alliances of It* mora hers and to forbid or annul any engagements ootraet-d without the sovereign'? c meant, itiote privileges did certainly not pertain to the bouse of Bonaparte in the year 1803. Napoleou Bonaparte ou undoubtedly Consul of the French republic, but that dignity wan shared by two other French citizens, and the office, however exulted, could not well be likoned to that of an hereditary monarchy. Nupoleon, therefore, bad no titlo to interfere wttli the matrimonial engagements of bis brother Ills assent was uot necessary to the validity of the tuarriago, nor wu he invested with a'uy privilege of conceding his recogni tion or withholding it. The Bouapartos, it is urged, whatever ihoy may have became afterwards, wore then only a private family, and the doctrines current about royal marriages are not applicable to tho case in ques Mon. tfuch is the plea which the l'aterson family is pre (Xii od to advance. We cannot anticipate the judgment of the French tri bunal, but wo confess that, In onr view of the matter, r the <a?e has very little obscurity. About the actual I legality of the tlrfct marriage wo entertain not the slightest doubt. Except for the subsequent rise of the Bonaparte family, nobody would ever have dreamt of ini]>e&< hiug its validity. The Pope himself, indeed, when ; applied to by Napoleon for a divorce, declared that he could find no reason for grantiug it, and the separation, iu de fault of such authority, was decreed at last by tho Arch bishop of l'aris, just as in King Henry's ease it was pro nounced by the Archbishop of Canterbury. But all thia leaves untouchod the privileges {of kings, if tho60 privi leges aro to be held valid. Though Napoleon was not a leigtiing sovereign when the marriage was contracted, he was so in very truth wheu ho demanded that it should be dissolved, and if a demand of that kind admits of jus tification from dynastic exigencies, such exigencies could hen be pleaded. The fact, indeed, that Napoleon himself took a second wlfo while the first was living, and that the King of Wurtemberg and his kinsmen agreed to look upon Jerome as marrUgoble, shows with what latitude the laws of matrimony are cousirued when crowns and kingdoms are at stake. Unless, therefore these preten sions are to be altogether repudiated, we think that, though the first private marri.ig<> wa* valid, the second royal marriago was valid also. We think M. Jerome Bonaparte is the lawful son of l.ieutenint Bonaparte, and we think l*rlnoe Napoleon is the Lawful son of the King of Westphalia. In ordinary life this would be an Impossi bility, but In royal lifo it] lias tSTatiy times occurrod, though rarely without graver troubles than are threaten ed now. The Bank of France. [From tho Money Market Review, Jan. 18.) The withdrawals of bullion are not the only adverse fei turs presented by the Bank of France returns Notwiih Standing tho rapid rise iu the rateof discount, the amount of bills discounted by the Hank lias increased ?2,760,000; and, as the treasury deposits have, at the same time, been drawn down to the extent of more than ?2,000,060 (owing partly to the pa.v nieiit of the dividends on the three par cent rmtes) there is, liy the return before us, an Increass of ?1,270,000 in the notes iu circulation Now, It neod^uo demonstration that this Increass in the li.iiiilmes of the Bank at the moment wlieu Its specie reserve is being so heavily trenched upon, is unsound, and even unsafe. The Bunk appears to have dis counted far too freely. Had it interposed more restrictions it would havo kept lis n >te cir culation better under control. This consideration is the more important, because it is beyond question tint the large discount facilities granted have contributed directly to the efflux ol gold. Bills are sent in for discount by tho very firms which are engagod In transmitting bullion to foreign countries. The Hunk of France thus, to sumo ex tent, pro\ i its a weapon to be used against itself. Wo are quite aware that, n Franc ? owes a balance to foreign countries,Flie must discharge It, and. if unci be, in hard cash; but there is no necessity lor lior absolutely to faci litate the drain upon her. In permitting an Increase of ?1,270,000 in the note circulation simultaneously with a decrease of ?8,286,000 in the (oin and bullion, tho Umk of France is ''burning the candle at both ends " The total note circulation, which on the 13th Dec ember waa ?29,880.000, lias now reached the unprecedented amount or ?ul,ico,0(i0. whilst the coin and bullion, which ou the 13th ltccelnber were ?17/272,000, are now. as above stated, only ?13 tiH7 .(X/0. The disproportion is serious. i,et us contrast the position of the Bunk Of Franco in this respect with that of the Bank of Kngland. The Bank of England, by last night's return, holds ?12,175,3!M? of coin and bullion as against ?20,463,t00of notes in circulation. We are Justified In concluding, therefore, that the excess in the note issues of the Bank of Frunee constitutes a great aggravation of tlie existing difficulty. It is a symp tom of bad, unsound banking; and tliero seems ground to believe that political exigencies?perhaps the very Uugor of ihe government?are at tike root of the error. The McmtUur publishes the following financial state ment which is understood to be the work of tho new Minister, M. tor cade de la Itoquette, who presented a re port to the Emperor at tlie last council ? We lately attributed tho recent decline m the public | funds to causes completely unconnected with the finan cial Mutation of tb" country, and particularly to the American crisis. Nothing could better justify that ap preciation and testily to tiio resources of tlie country and the couii leuce of tho people than the following state ment:?It s well known that tho Treasury gets executed at the l'aris Bourse tho orders tor purchases an 1 sales which urn transmit I Ml to it by the deceiver General on account of the inhabitants of the departments. Ttwra Sales and purchases, which are always effected for cash, gii on constantly increasing. The purchases, which iu 1X41 were only for hfty millions, amounted in 1861 to seventy-thrie minions, and in 1800 had increased to one hundred and sixty three millions. The sales, which in I the first part of those three years scarcely readied Al teon millions, amounted to forty eight millions in 1H00, the excess of purchases last year over sales being therefore one hundred und fifteen millions. During the first twelve daj s of I lie present month the orders l or pun liases re ceived by Iho Treasury amounted to 9,400,000 fran 's,and for sales to 1.150.000 francs, leaving an oxcess of pur chases of 8.250,0(0 francs, or nearly equal to the average of each ol the anterior months of 1SG0. English Speculations on (he Cotton Supply. [From tho I<nud?n Timoe, Jan 10 ] Not many days ;<uo *? took occasion, in discussing the sourcia of our cotlou hupply, to explain the peculiarity or Hit- dillicultits by which this momeiituous quostiou is attended. It I* not that cotton will prow only on partlcu ar soils, liko cinamon or [>epp?r. Tho orticlo can un doubtedly bo produced in flfty different regions of the globe, mr is there much reason la doubt that any kind of quality desirable could be imparted to tho crop by cultivation and skill. This is not tho secret of tho matter. The real dilticulty consists in this, that America has got fair |?f?eflMion of tho m.trkol. and sup plies us with cotton so excellent In quality and so nearly suAcient in quantity that only a narrow margin is left for freih competitors. Since the publica tion of our remarks some statistics have been compiled which place the facto of the case in a very clear light In deed. Ijist year was a remarkablo year for the cotton trade. Ihe imports exceeded in amoubt any yet recorded, tho consumption w.u< proportionately large, and the gtccks in hand at the close of 18(i0 wero still considerable. Coming to figures, we may state that tho weekly coti gumption ol tho kingdom was probably about 4S,000 biles of llie?e 41,000, a* no?rly as pos -bto, catno from the Inited states, about 2,000 from 1 .ill, 1,800 from Kgypt and the West Indies, and 3,200 from India. There ih the whole cue) clearly explained .lin-rm vie'.< iu tijc unttilh* of our entire receipt*, and mainbiins thit ra.<t mpiiy to utlt ami I to w<*$tfully thai the inarkrt it all her VII ft. But, unfortunately, this source of our raw mV.nrial, though so excellent while it last?, cuuimt bo regarded with the Confidence which, on go vital a question, wo ought to feel, and, short as has been tho interval since the up|iearauce of our observations, It h'ui been long enough to lllustratn with alarming foro the precurtousnesa of tho support on whieh wo depend. Tho cotton Siatos of America are actually on the brink of a tremendous convulsion. Tho con ting>ncy so long foreseen as possible is now immi nent, and if we should heir by any of tho aoxtmiiU that the cotton crop is In danger from tho derange tnent of industry and business, we should not bo sir prised. Already the Americans themselves appear to be scared at tho proipect. Wo are told that tho price of log roes has fallen uuormouiily, and tho value of slave property could hardly have been effected except through some misgivings as to slave produce. At any rate, even If wo iuHum?, as perhaps we may, that the interests of the cotton grower will be strong enough to protect the cotton consumer against any very serious or immediate mischief, It can no longer bo denied that our position is becoming unstfe In tho ox trimo. We are hnUIiny m by a unj/le anchor, ami the strands th' ralle te-rn aitpaUy parting A'ofrWy con tell \ohnl may U the rff>ct nf jinli'ual dimnyamiiation u^ton Hi* a 4hm Stat ft i.f the f'nion, tin I in u>\,U itnuHlion thmbt w tin<I inirtrhvt if the rit-tevenih* nf our tur>i>h/ which then <mivtri'.< note Jurnuh ,'houM be twldenly ru/ off' Sup p"se the Imjiorts reduced even by a half, or a third, wha'. are we to do'' Tho distress at Coventry gives but a faint 1dm of the misery an.l ruin which would ovarwholm us if our staple manufacture were abruptly stopped. ut, then, u-ilh/nit an kovrt delay, to t/ike th it letnk in hand Kxcept for the single dlflVulty wo hive i!eserlb<>d, it is a pe rfectly easy work. Three jaarter* of th?* globe are actually rompetluf for the favor of o ir or dei? Asia gives us India, and India, as Is Invsriibly found, oilers anything we want. Tea, II ix, silk. Iin*?ed. cotton?whatever crop fads e'sewhore Is sure to be pro diiclble in India As it is. thelndiau cot'on supply comes next to tho American in point of magnitude, though with a long mterval between, and it is already calculated that these i nip' rta will be ma tonally increased during the current year. Then there is Australia bidding for notice. Wo are assured upon tho evidence of excellent autborltiel that nothing would be easier than to make Australia as good a iolton Held as America is now Invest the capital, organize the trade, Invite l hiTirso laborers, and the desired results will follow wlih the mist Infallible certainty. Hardly have we opened our eyes to those agreeable visions wheu th ? ailvoeatcK of Afriran civilisation Interpoae their claims Afrli a is tho very land of cotton In those regions the plant Is not an exetlc. It require* no naturallnUkin. It grows there already, and is even cultivated, as far as the ignorance of tho natives will permit the process. Thou w hy not extend u hand to the struggling negro, and bene tit an oppressed race by the same |x>licy which would provide our |)nan ufac Hirers with inexhaustible supplies* Mich are the views whli h have been pressed upon our notice by rival correspondents. It is not our province to discriminate between the oil. rs before us. Whether India, or Australia, or Africa would bo the best Held for our energies, we shall not at present attempt to decide I ei hups It would be advisable to lay them all under c m tilimtion together, for such a distribution would lessen the chances of a genoral failure, and tho extension of our miinufH' lures may absorb sll the supplies wlili h t'io,.0 combined sources could furnish. If we aro t<> cloth.* the population of China, we shall want largo additional Import, of rot ten All. however, that we ran gather tiom the American example Is encouraging. Tli.it woideriul trade, which now yields tho I'alto.l Ktiit It revei.ne >.f fi,||y X40 000 000 a year, is as purely artitieml na a tiad* i an be The plant was mporte I and the !>b ,rwa? Imported. Kverythlng was a :c impllshed by it'ou-tr) and enterpi ise. mid what lias been done ones Can be done Hke a loll farorablo to the growth of h i ton. ai d ii, r n n trade i b4 created to a cer tiitiiy It * noi evii i work of ime. Seven sh'<rt > ears sulia i-l to r*'se 'h . pro^'ueoot cotton ill Anierloi from .s*l p< i i, to I iiooiki poon Is?frmi a single ' " It tniiM I n reuiein|)i>ie4. Inwver. that tlos lent w..s n.\ ? nipl -i d i,y ??iirtn< ouerg. Kiel kbun<laHt cIpi al Ihc e: ti rprl? was :<mply rein i nerativa, but no negligence wu ad mil tod in the work Tho Southern Stat.-* talrly gare themaelve? up M out tew planting. They made cotton thmr sole supte, at the coat of all earlier product*. Never ware greater energies imported into aay branch of industry, and never whs the organization of a trade more uamplo'te Tt? > re Bulla are what we nnw t.ee. Tlie largest manufacturing system ever known in the world derive* itaauppllea of raw material from a single farm, and had derived them hitherto with almost aa inurh certainty aa could be de sired. Unfortunately, tbo labor employed was of ho ex ceptional a character tliat organic derangement wan al ways to be apprehended, and the event so longdreud'd now threaten* to take, not only ua, but the Americans themselves, by t-urprine. Whether disunion would be followed by industrial disorganisation It may be hard to say; but, at any rate, we have now learned that the po litical convulsion may occur at any moment, and we know but too well, from the examples of history, how likely it is that such convul*ioua should be attended by financial and commercial ruiu. THE CONFEDERACY OF THE NORTH. Union of I lie Free Htates and Rrlt l*h Pro vinces?Upper Canada Already Want* to Join the North. ritorOSKI) REPARTITIONS Or AMERICAN TERRITORY. [From the Toronto I.oader, Jan 29.] While we arc putloully Laying down a basis of foots on which to raise a discussion of the quottion of the fede.-al Union of the British American provinces, our more en terprising neighbors of the United Stated ire contriving plans to save as the trouble of deposing of our destiny. Wo reprint two articles from the Nsw York Hkrald, in which the question of the repartition of Amorica is disposed of in a maimer that could not fall to give satisfaction to the most eutorprising revisor of the map of this continent. Canada, it If assumed, is ready to "throw oIT the yoke of England and feet up for horself;" and it is assorted that sae would bo williug to join th? Northern States as soon as thoir connection with their slaveholding oonfede rntes ceases. l.ike nil great schoines, that proposed by our New York contemporary is very simple. To" South ern confederacy is to annex Mexico aud Cuba, ant wo know not what beside, and build "a central American empire which shall make tho Gulf of Mexico a l.ike, aui include in Its limits every acre of land, every est iary, port tint] river between tho Orinoco and the I'otom ic " Iho other great promised confederacy, we are told, is to be formed out of tho ft en States of the American Union and the wlioleof Ilritisli America from labrador to the I'olar Sea. Mr. Seward is invited to propose a scheme for lot ting tho Southern States go free, uh a preiwratory mea sure to the pro|K>sed repartition of tho continent. At this moment Canada has no idea of- throwing off the yoke of Kugloud aud setting up for herself;" audit is not likely that she will consent to have her destiny subjei ted to the convenience of the residuum ot tho Amt-rican republic. It jiouiUe, nn JohU, that the tie ttruclvmof the t'nv.n may rrtntually trad t? ?mne n>-wler rtiariil arrangement*; but what these will be the wisest man cannot at present pretond to predict, Tho current notion iu Canada is, that If theie is to bj any union be tween the Northern States and British America, or bo tween any |M>rtion of the Northern States and Ilritisli America, the annexation will be In th'! other diroctiou. The republic is jusl now in a condition of di lapidation that compels sober minded persons to look around lor somo harbor of refuge from the ruin with whit h they uro threatened. Shout I the North. ? rn Slates fcrioutly asktobr altoviet Ut join ('anada, u? do not undertake tii my that tliiir o(hr urnihl !?? re;<tilte<l: but until such a proposal la authoritatively mado. there will he very littU> use iu entering far into its c msideration. All that vte can protend to promise at present is. that when the ofier it mwie thert U e?-rij likelihood that it will re ctiiv a fair and can iid cotuideiatiim THE KOKTI1KUN STATES I.OOKINU ROUND FOR 1IRLP. fFn in the Toronto I/>ader, Jar. :io.] A large poi tion of the people of tho N'orthorn Status have given up all liojie that tho sectional dilferences be tween I he North and tho South can ever be healed. In this state of matters, they aro beginning to plan new schemes of empire, one of the favor'te pr.ijee.ts of the Nkw York IIi-.uaui is tho establish nent of two groat confederacies, oneof which shall Inclcde the slave states, Mexico and (Antral America; mid the other the Northern States and British America, with tho Northwest Territory and British Columbia. This reconstruction of the map of America is vory easy?upon paper?though practically, it would be easy to show (hut it would be a very different alfair. Thoso who assume that this reconstruction would bo an easy matter, take it for granted that British America is ready to demand afei>aration from Knglund; that we poor colo nists, who have only attained u limited degree of freedom, have now u chance of becoming part of a great nation; that if KnglanJ should attempt to lesist our demand for independence, we could easily conqncr it with the assistance of the Northern States, who would be glad to uasist as. for tlio sake of tho ptosjiec'.ivo benelits of the union. The ad vantages to How f roin this reconstruct ion of the map of Amcrict, and especially to Canada, are painlod Iu tho most vivid colors. Canada, wo arc assured, would bo cotnc the centre of an immense commerce, and would be blessed by untold beneiit/ in so many ways that we can not SI>>|| 10 enuiuri all ??...lrl Projectsol this kind come naturanj Au....?n r a. Northern States at the. present moment. With tho loss of the Niuthei u States, they feel that thnv must lakoalowor position among the nations of the world, and they aro anxious to repair the datinge by aunoxu*ton in another quarter. All this is vory natural, from their standpoint; but the mistake they commit Is to supp we that we, Brilu-h American*, must necessarily bo ready to cut the connection with England at tho very inomont when it would suit their convenience toforai a connection with us. No province of liritrtsh Amcrict lias, at prcsont, any quar rel with the mother country; anil none of them are tirod of the connei tion, whi< h is looked upon as bonellcial. Wo arc salislicd w ith this connection, because we aro free under it. The last |xjtitiin presented by the old American colonies, about a year before the Declsntlou of Inde pendence, volunteered terms of submission that would, if now proposed to be applied to those provinces, us a part of impiTial policy, produce a rebellion at once. They wore willirg to leave to Kiiglaml l he absolute control of their external commerce, pioviilod only that llioy were not taxed for the benotlt of tho British ex chequer?a condition which no British minister would now think of proposing, aud to which not 0110 of tho provinces would dream >f sub mitting. It is the lar.-e measure of freotom wo enjoy that makes us contented, there is a fretiny abroad, in the*- province*, that we fh ml J Jrom a Cnion many adi-antayes thai te< <lo tut who poire*. There is an iMijinite yearning afhr a liiijhei 'tatus; a larger thare nf n ttvmalitv. but it does not seek the direction of the l ulled States. At the present time, when lbs fooling is jusl b. ginning to be generally excited, itjs enable of being turned into more than ono direction. Bit truth compels us to say it does no' move In the directon of an alltance with the Northern States. As a peopb, we are impassable enough to shrink from the Idea of severing the coi n^ction with Filmland 1 he operation is one tint requires som" iiowerful" Incentive lo luangurito: and that incentive is wanting. It is not suilicienl that the convenience of the froithcrn Stales might be xmsultod by an ut.ion with British America. We need sone strong necessity of our own to move us to such a revuut imary measure; and thai necessity Is net present. If England were to give us the choice of a connection With tho Northern Slates, and a vote were to be taken upon the question within three mouth1*, we lelievo a large majority of British America would vote afainst it. thr lor;/- -a titr in furor of the )>roi?rt would come from the prnwiHla nf t'yper Canada, w&re Dure i.< a feditq that the Citinertxui, uith .Xnv 1 ark i- the natural <me, ami hat it is Tto rr firnJitaUe than any <4hi r that rt^ihl I* ff ormn. Below Obourg. a dlflfront (ei'linx is prednmiaant; and in Cen tral as well as in biwer C,inn la the feeling agiinft any connection with the I'nitcd States Is almost universal The banks of the St. I awrence, in l 'p(*'r Canidn. wero wttleii by Cnited Empire loyalists, who came lore alter the close of the Revolutionary war, uid ac cepted of free grants of land. The ?|il feel ing of loyally is as strong as ever in the [ descendants of these millers and it hai spread among the et-.iire population In thit quarter. In Lower Cunaca, the op]x>s:tlon of the French Canadians lo a connection with republican States amounts to a porfeci hwrror. In their esse, tin motive is paH'y religious and partly national. Tic French Canadians desire to preserve ihelr autotnmy; but there is nothing they prize m high as their religion, and they liiive an undefined fear thai it would be eulangered by a connection with the Slates. They do lot lorgct I that the revolutionary Congress made it s grievance that tho French laws had been guarantied to tlu?m. l/iwer Canada voi iely was eon-trui led on an a istncratic basis, and an antipathy lo republicanism Sic u lea tod Number! of the old French n?t>te.\f< had largo seignorles i granted to them by tho French monarch in the earlv colonisation of the country, and Ihe feudal system of landholding was only abolished a few years igo. Ihe seignors were a privileged class, fi rming a colonial aris tocracy?not a vulgar, upstart aristocracy, but a well trained, high minded aristocracy?who avoided tho alrocitite and the execsses committed by the flidalgos in Spsniali Aineiiea, and generally bore tberus l/is in such a manner as to command the ostoi-Wi of the ren/itairet. Thise [teople are aboui as far as |*>?*ihlc reimved from republicanism, and they would not listen to my connec tion with the Northern Statis The circiinHUuico that the Southern Stales have fallen out of tlin l nion would be the reverse of a recommendation to th'm, for the greater the degree of republican enl meol lb ? greater their antl|Milhy. Nova Scotia would. In our np>ni .n be nearh as difficult lo move. If it were a question of uniting with the North em Stat.s lloth In Nova Scotia and New Urunswick ' there is a strong leaves of the old United Krapire loyalist feeling The early settler* havif not been extinguished by a large immigration and in Nova Scotia, where uni versal wilfrage has hem adopted, there is a devotedly loyal population, with no sympathies for I'nliod Slates jioiitice or Inslltuiions New Urunswick, or at least a portion or It which is on the Itav or Fundy, has more in tcrcourne with the t'nitcd Stales, but no admiral on ror American institutions llnds expression there. An union between the Northern Stiles and British America would for many years be Impossible, even sup |>oslng there to be no disinclination to sever the lie thai connects it to the mother country and no obstacles in the way of c(Decting that severance. I ower Canada changes flowlv, and the revolution or sentiment required lo in dilce lu-r to join Ihe I'liHed Slates oould not be ejected in lislf a centnrjr, There m, therefore, no use In talking about scch an Union at present The onlv t'nlon that seems js fslble In this isni of America Is one fhal would einnrct Ihe whole of tho British provinces into one con loderacy. A NORTHERN CONFEPERATION {From the Toronto I;lol>e, lan \ The evident determination of all the cotton growing State" of the American Union l;i secede, absolutely and nn ct. st it ill ionally, with Ihe view of i eorg iiil/.ing a slave holding eonrederacv upon a new basis better suited than the present, as feeders think, to devclope the pe ciilisr Intcri" ts or the South, has given a ii"w turn tc the iilscuss'on, and ha compelled Vort'ir rn l eirna'l I. and |n lit'Ciaii lo consider serlon.-ly the questions * two distinct cotircdcraiios instead or <?" B-fore the sd vent or the r. w administration, on lie 4'.hof March next fight < r ten Southern States will have rcrilvcd tbcm selves out of the I nion, will have formed an allianc of!en? *eaiid defensive with es> h other asainsl the|e<|o ral (tiveri msfil nt Wtt>hington, and wilt have organise* a 'ar?"> mlt'tary force r apitde or defending llietnselv rgxibs; si.y attack ff( Bi iider.il troop-i. They will b possession of all the forts, arsenal*, and other public property lying within their boundaries. except, perhaps, two ur three forts on the sea coaat. The progress of the revolutioo to this point may now be regarded as iHerita ble Mr. Buchanan will not use coercion unless he is compelled by an aggressive movement on the part of the South the seizure of forts, 4c., he does not deem ag grewiou. Thus the South will have ample time to com plete its scc-aaioii arrangements, and prepare for a stru gle, if Mr. Lincoln and his republican Cabinet shall at tempt to '? enforce the laws." Hy a prompt, bold Andrew Jackson policy, South Caro lina might have been reduced to subjection, and scoes moii nipped in the bud. But traitois and sympathizers ruled at Washington; the movemeut was aide?l and en couraged where it ought to have been couibutled; it got ahead, has involved the whole South in its wild whirl, and now nothing but a long, bloody, expensive, conquer ing war can turn back the revolution and re-establish the federal Authority. And, as we pointed out some time ago, the itn|iorlant, the di/llcult, the grave question, upon which overy thinking man in the Union must now be ponder inf. Is:?Will such contest payf Will t-u^ory or de feat l/riti'i the yr cater inmllef Will not the present constitu te -d te lUslroied in either casef The ancient Greek repub lie fill when one or tm of the State* oonaucrod the rut. A partnership is dissolved ipso /ado if one hair of tho partners go to law with the rest. Ho, too, the union of the Statef, on e-/ual U-rms, each hno xnyiiithU and immunities of its own, as against its amfette ratet, it deetroyed, and though the federal vower might be continued, the indepmdemte <j ttc Stain, their frmim of action at separate sovereignties would be at an end. The cen tral government, having conquered by /arte of arms, mutt Maintain its ascendancy by the same means- Here, then, it a great military poioer, centralised and comolviated, the v ry end that the wisest American statesmen have foreseen and driuded, and yoarned their countrymen to resist to the last. Is U any wonder tliat patriotic men now stand appalled at thin coming danger??that they accept, with what equa nimity they can, the inferior position which a divided empire implies, rather than a uuity which must be ob tained by blood and conquest, and must from houceforth be shored up by the bayonets of a standing army? Tho question, therefore, of two confederacies?a North ern and a Southern?peaceably established, each pursuing its own policy and enjoying its own peculiar Institutions without the let or hiudranue of the other, U now being gravely discussed by the public ySMi Of the I'nited States. Tho continent is thought to be largo enough for both. Tlie one may pursue its career of annexation and nggraiidi/< meet southward, aud the other northward and westward. Canada ami the lower provinces are suppos ed to bo "ripe" for admission into tho free confederacy of the North, und they ure be! 1 up as an ample quid pro quo for the Receding States of the South The Nxw York Hbuui h?s published several articles of its own, as well as letters from correspondent-, inculcating this view of the question. Tlic Board of Aldermen. PROPOSED HOSPITALITIES TO TIIK PRESIDENT ELECT NKUAT1VED?REPORT OF TDK CENTRAL PA11K COM MISSIONERS. A petition was received from the Commissioners of Charities and Correction asking for the establishment <>f telegraphic wires from Seventy-ninth street to thoir office iu Bond street. Referred. A petition from the New York Opth&lmic Hospital, asking for a donation of $1.000 for that valuable institution, was referred to the Com mittee on Fluarce. The petition, which states that 8.062 patients have been relieved since the establishment of the hospital, was signed byDrs. J. P. Garreeh and M irk Stephenson, attending physicians, and others. President Okhet offered n resolution that lion. Murray Hoffman be requested to prepare a revUod editii n of tho "Treatise upon the l-stntound Bights as Proprietors," a former edition having been destroyed by Are, and that tbJSuYnof f'JUOObe appropriated as compensation to ?fudge Hoffman for such labor, Laid over. PBOit>.-Ki? rvBuc u<*-prr-iiniK8 to tub ckh.-udknt ki.kct KRGATITD. Mdermun Dayton offered tho following resolution:? Whereas, it is reported that tho President elect of the I'nited stalls will in a few days leave his home for the city t f Washington, to assume the duties of the exalted position to which he has been called by tho voice of the jicoplo. iu confoi mity with the provisions of the constitu tion of the United Slates; Resolved, if the Board of Gouncilmon concur, that in order to testify our devotion to the Union, loyalty to the constitution and respect for tho laws mad" iu pursuance thereof,u joint committee of the Common Council be ap. pointed, to oocslst of the President and three numbers of each Board, to invite the President eloct to visit our city, and accept the cordial welcome of its citizens, on his way to the national capital. Alderman Fakm y asked that the gentleman presenting the resolution should be permitted to withdraw it. Alderman Boon, said that as, perhaps, it would involve an expenditure of money, the resolution should stand over for a future meeting of the Board. Alderman Dayton said it was quite natural for tho Alderman of the Twelfth (Boole) to wish to wait for a proposition to expend money on the Committee of Reception; but ho belioved that the cordial welcome of this great city of the North, without ?ny expenditure of money, would be more acceptable t > _*!?. ?>..?. II...U. 11.n -I-..I ..r tho I'o.t.l States, and therfwas no necessity for asking that the pockets of tho city treasury should be taxed lor the occa slon. Alderman Dayton charged Alderman Iloole with ridi culing the proposition bv oudeavoring to postpone It for an expenditure of money. Alderman Boom: repudiated any intention to cast ridi cule on the motiou made respecting tho roception of tho i'resident elect. Alderman Dayton reiterated his bollef In the intention rf ridicule, and said tbat it was manifested by the "smiles' with which it was received. Alderman Boon, said tbat if Alderman Dnyton Insisted in his sksertlon that he Intended to slight the resolution he would soy that he was stating what was false, and he (Hoole) Arould hold him (fteyton) responsible. (Manifes tations of appia'ise in the lobby. > Alderman Knomcrr said tbat ir the resolution was in tended merely as a mark of respect to the President elect he would vote for it, but if he was to be understood as endorsing the sentiments of rait party he should oppose It. The resolution was lost on vote of ayes and noes. Alderman Bahixy olfored a resolution that a special coitimltt"* Inquire into the character and description of the work of constructing the gate houses for the receiv ing reeervoir. Adopted. The resolution respect;ng the appropriation for the celebration of Washington's birthday was again called up and laid on tho tabli The fourth anuual report of tho Central Park Commis sioners was received and ordered to be printed. It appears by the report tbat during the year 3.679 la borers have been employed; that the land cost $3,744. 7!>8, and the whole expenses thM far have be.?n $2,70."., UW5 66?milking a total of ff>,447,?04 85. This money was raised by boud< on city security, none ef which aro redeemable within forty y?ais '1 he expenditures during the last year amounted to fll4,000 The Commissioners stale tbat the bill of the Commissioner* for th" extension of the Coatral Park is exorbitant, and Fbould not be paid. After considerable routine business the Board adjourn ed to Monday next. Commissioner* of Charities and Corree (Ion. Tliis Board mot yesterday, Simeon Draper presiding The report of the Committee of the Whole staled that .".68 persons, male and female, have boon transfer red from the city prison to the workhouse as va gants; tbat 11,2o6 applications for outdoor relief hive boon received since the winter commenced, out of which 1,600 have been refused for satisfactory reasons; that there Is a correspondence carried on by the President of tl.e Hoard an 1 tho Immigration Commissioner! whi< h Is likely to terminate in a speedy settlement of the hlstori cal difficulty pending between the two Boards; th\t there has lieen nn appl ration made to the Common Council to appoint John K. White, C0mml?ooner of Deeds, Warden of the BelMvoe Hospital; John Kitch Sarwrluteadeat of the Workhouse, and N. P. Anderson Warden of the Almshouse, and also for permission to establish telegraphic communication between the institutions on the inlands and tho otllce of the department In Boud street: that a tire brcketont In the hoop skirt factory a'. tlM workhonse on the evening of the 27th nit , which was extinguished before it bad done much damage; that a letter hit ' been rec-i vod from Comptroller II iws, in re ?pons* to one from Mr Draper inquiring when the re quisitions from the Bond would bo honored, and that tho Comptroller stales tint the Common OtMMll have made n<> appropriations for the current year yet. and that no payments can bo made till the appropriations pass the Common Council. The report was received in the tuual formal manner, and adopted likewise. Tlie number of Inmates in the institutions at present is 9 0J0, an increase of 117 over last week. Tho numhir admitted during tlio week was I.8H.1, and th<we dis cliaryed, transferred or who died, numbered 1.766 Poller Intelligence. A Nn* DomiK.?Carl Yoger, a German, about 60 years of age, was brought before Justice Ost>orn, at the Lower Police tVinrt, yesterday, on the charge of swindling, un der the following circumstances ?On Wednesday, the pri soner called at tbe store of John II. l<orenxru, No. -D."? Division street, and in a very conlldential manner iu formed him th it ho had a splendid lot of counterfeit money for sale, at eleven cents on the dollar. Yoger th< n -bowed l<orcnzen a gold dollar, which he represented lobe counterfeit, and s.iid lie had SI.000 worth of the coin, whl< li ho would soli for thn veiy moderate sum sf $110 After considerable bartering Yoger was given to understand that his oiler win accepted, and lie promised to call again the following d*./ with the at'ifl Tn thn meantime, however. I<oreti - reus communicated with detectives Itantiett and Micdon ga I, sod when Yoger called yesiernav,lt was arranged that tint be should receive the 9110 us though tlio transaction was perfectly beoeflde Yoger w.ison hand promptly, and on receipt of the cash lie told Istrcntoti tojjf. Ilow him up (own and ho would give hitn the counter fell money. On their arrival at, the residence of Mtyor Wood, on the Itloomingdale road, Yoyer said bo occupied the mansion, and told Mrenaen to wait outside wblle ho went in to get the bogus coin. 1/orcnten aequlesoed, and Yoger jmt-pi d into the Mayor's place with as much coolness us though ho was t < real owne' of the oetate, and mi le straight way for the InII d or. Before ho got up to the bouse, however, he dodged behind some shrnhliery, and, think ngtlia' Ills tnov. meats were inperclved, ho started off at a full run serous tha neighboring ground--. Tlie de tectives, wlio liad their ejre? on him all the while, were in hot pursuit iu a m> ment afterwards, aa I after nn ex citing ch ?se r iptUtTd the dodger and brought him lo the police headquarters In Hro tie- itreet In tho p<?n. -*ion oi tho pi isoner was found the specimen dollar meant to deceive the unwary, whl<h upon Investigation proved to bi> gi nulne. Ho had hoped by meaiH of this irlit?<?rir.g bait to swindle Lorenyon out of tlio hut failed m ?t tig nally. The dodge was a now one, and would have been highly *ner< seftil, perbni s, with t jv rson 'o?.?h-me*t pun Mr 1/orrnten. jfogci remain? at the detccUves'M&cefdt a day or so. C*?t of Otatral ImiIou. Before Judf* MoCuna. a mowornu Htnoh?sMuu;?nc actio* or Tax (irr jl d .k is DUIMBIMU or CRIMINALS. ' The torm of this court wti extended for another week by tbe City Judge for tbe purpose of disposing of tb t prisoner* wbo ore now awaiting trial in tbe Tomb*. During tbe week a large number of case* were tried, tbe majority of w hich pussessed no features of interest. A few days since, Judgo McCunn visitod the City Prison, to learn tbe actual condition of the iumates, when be discovered that (be cella were so crowded (in soma in stanced four prisoners occupying one cell) as ta prompt bim to take energetic measure* to decrease tbe number by giving the uccused parties speedy trials. Recorder Hoffman will preside duricg the February term, but tbe City Judge will bold another branch of the court In order to dispose of the largo calendar of oriminal cases now awaiting the action of the judges of (his court. KM'APIC or cot.YTKKKKITKJt*?A niftfrViN FOB TH* WMJCK COM WWHloft'KKS. It la worthy of remark, that during the week, in four separate Instances, men who were indicted for |>o.ssing counterfeit bills were declared " not guilty" by the jury. But this verdict was only a technical ono, for the circum stances surrounding tlio cases showed that the prosecu tion would have boon sustained had the police otticers who made the arrests properly discharged their duty. It is the province of these ministers of the law, as so >n hs they urreat a person charged with passing bogus bank notes, to put a private mark on the bills found upon the accused, so that when the party is placed on trial the i otcs may be logally Identities, otherwise the prosecution cannot secure a conviction. It would be well for the Police Commissioners to refresh the memory of the ? uturdians of the public peace In reepect to their dutioa, or if the newly appointed members of the police force . re as lux as their colleagues have been, the fity wlU oon be Hooded with counterfeit money. DUnoUCAi. OVTRAIiKH ON <!1II.?RKN A lamentable illustration of tho depravity and brutality < f crealurcs in tho shape of human beings was furnished in (bis week's calendar, for three cases of rape, said to have been perforated on little girls under twolve years of age, wero brought before tbu attention of tho court. Ic one Instance an old man, raid to have been over sixty years of age, was charged Willi attempting to ravUh a young girl. Ills counsel produced competent medi cal testimony to show that it was utteily impossible for him to havo perpetrated the ofl'euco for which ho was indicted, and, believing in his innocence, tbe legal adviser instructed his client to plead guilty to a simplo assault. The City Judge sent Miller (for that was the name of the accused) to Hlickwell s Isliui for nine months. Anothor charge of rape resulted in au acquittal, and in still another the jury disagreed, for juries are Cautious iu pronouncing a verdict of guilty ii|ton men who had previously sustained a good reputa tion, except when the testimony of thp females is corro borated by physicians :uid their story is sustained by circumstaiwH Yesterday a melancholy spectacle was presented, a married man, named Phillip Witterson, iiavieg been placed on trial for committing a rape upou a little girl named Sarah Dort', wbo swore that the de fendant enticed her into his store, and alter giving her some confectionery, took Improper liberties with her. 'lliis case was tried some (ime ago, when the Jury failed (o agree upon a verdict. The giti is evidently precocious, for she stated that the defendant took liberties with her live times. The case will be finished on Friday. Coun sel for the defence claim that they can show that this is an attempt at extortion on the part of the parents ol' the gill. TIIK CASK or PIIKPARD AflAIV. Farlv in the week counsel for James Sliepard (who has been twice tried and sentenced to be exe cuted lor ?.tho crime of arson in the llrst de gree, when it was supposed that his wife was burned up) stated to the Court that Shepard had been contlned in tho Tombs for three years and a half. For mini months he had been urging the District Attorney to bring on the case for trial, and counsel suggested to the Court that unless his client was tried within a reasonable time ho ought to be discharged. It will bo remembered tliat u new trial was obtaiued for Shepard, the Court of Appeals having decided that there wore In formalities in the previous trials. The lastly that were called upon to decide the question ol' h:S gi:ilt or inno cence failed to agreo. A NOTKI) lU'K(;t..\R SKVT TO SINrl WWO, An Eighteenth ward burglar, who called himself George Abranir, but wbo is known to tbe police as G union, pleaded guilty to burglary In the third degree, and was sent to the State prison for four years and uino months. htahiu.mi or a " slack rbpuhucam." A colored man named Frederick Scott was tried and convicted of assaulting Charles Ayrcs (also u " black re publican''), :w he was entering a boarding house, iu I'ark street, on the 16tli of December. Scott knocked the other colored gentleman down anil then cut him with a pocket knife. For this salutation Mr. Scott was furnish"! tn?rd and lodging at the expense of the county in Sing Sing for three years and nine months. COKYKTnOK ASH MKNTKNI k or JA(\>B MIU.KR, FOR ARSON. on Wednesday Jacob Miller, who kept a lager boer salw'ti at No. 460 Canal street, was tried for arson In tho foeoiid degree. Tho i>? inu prosecution oon usiea entirely of circumstances, but the signs of guilt were presented iu such a manner as to lead tho jury to reuder a verdict of guilty. John McCullom testified that on tho 10th of September be saw the prisoner's store open as usual, but an hour afterwsrds ne was awakened by a lire, and at. the expira tion of three quart* rs of an hour one tloor of the house, the partitions uud window frames were burned. Kurly the following morning Miller was seen to hurry down the street; he looked at the liouec, and after remainining ton minutes went away, having stated to a bystander that he was not msurod. Other witnesses were examined who testified thit th<> morning after the Arc an examination was made of Miller's premises, when it was discovered thHt no property was there, savo a few trilling articles. Fire Marshal ttukcr gave a detailed account of the exami nation of the prisoner before him, when he confessed to hitn that he was Insured. It was proven that Miller was insured in the Hamilton Fire Insurance Company for (450. Tho surveyor of the compauy made an inventory of tbe articles found in Miller's house after the Are. the aggregate value of which was 1102 25. The jury convicted the prisoner on Wednodsay evon ing, and Miller was brought up for sentence the following morning. The City Judge prefaced tbe scntenro by some re maiks upon tho grnvity of the crime of arson. He admitted that tho evidence in this case was clrcum stantial, but It clearly demonstrated the guilt of tbe ac cused. The buildirg whieh he fired was separated by a thin partition from a dwelling which was oocupiod by human beings. It wa* true th.it the prisoner took the precaution to clear the inmates out before tho bull ling was fired; but, in this crowded city. It was necessary that his Honor should make an example, or else there would be no end to the commission of such offences. In cot.elusion, be oonplimented Fire Mar shal Bakor for his iuduatry, and sentenced Miller to imprisonment in tho State prison for twelve years and three mon'.hs. PRKPKNTMEUT OF THE (IRANI) JVRT. nuiQftvnf or mis?hie anxnovs mickuie or rim MAYOR?A MORK F.fTl'TK>T rniJCIC RHQVIRKn, HTC. The Crand Jury, having finished tboir duties, prisont oil a batch of indictments in tne afternoon, and previous to betn* discharged handed the subjoined presentment to the Clerk, whi< h w in placed on tile without being read:? The Grand Jury of the General sessions of the city and county of New York, in the discharge or their dutb*, csuuot avoid noticing crtain matters which at this time deman 's the attention of nil good citizen*. The fre rpienceof flres Ik well calculated to alarm us, afjbrdinir as It does, indisputable evidence that the number of in c< ndiariua ban greatly increased, and should call forth that degree of promptness, activity and perseverance on the pan of the imlice of our city, which is alone oaleu lated effectually to remedy tbe evM, by bringing oft' nders to punishment. Tlie Grand Jury,believing in too efficacy ami nef' saity of a public cx.imple. regret that however DiUch the department may luive lieen exorted with th's view, it has not as yet produced tlie desired result. We h?ve the most lamentaM* proof of the existence of other evils In our community, to which we desire to direct the attention of the proper authorities. The prevalence of a spirit of insubordlr.atton to the law, the sediUonary doctrine* annunciated throughout the recent pub lisbed papers of the highest executive ofTicr of this City, we look upon as being too well calcu lated to pnnder to the worst passions of dangerous combinations of persons in our midst?by no means inconsiderable in point of numbers, and at times ex hililtlng riotous ptoEigncy?a reckless illsregard of the rights or |>eareable cltl/ens?and acts of open outrage, which have of Sate resulted In the death of several |>er imna, a matronly and respectable woman amoog the num ber, at her own residence, in the open day. Kew subjects could be presented of more importance to the good of so cieH than this Numbers combining iu Ibe perpetration of crime strengthen riotous determination and encourage in each ether the hope of escape and impiinltyh~jH| contamination of Wll>??pis is of iat" greatly InOrMMd, and, tinlesa the prompt Interposition of the strong arm of the law is eilectual in the breaking up of such comhina tloni, and the certaiu punlslunent of the offenders, they wilt go on tn< reusing in numbers and in boldness of < rime until at length the life and property of no Individual are safe, and society generally r>? thrown Into the bigh-'st de cree of alarm and disorder W? trust that our Police Commissioners and criminal courts will look Into this matter and give It the consideration Its importance de mands. And particularly do we urge th.it they m ike thorough investigation of the causes of this unfortunate increase of profligate habits and enable themselves to be Instrumental in ibe introduction of neh reforms as m.iy cornice to the improvement of public morals and t>e productive of salutary affect* throughout our community. The tirand Jury cannot but be sensible of tne Importance of perseverance and expedition in the discovery of oflYmders ami the punishment of crime. It is the bop* of escape that gives encouragement totho culprit. The certainty of puni<hment Is of Infinitely more conse?piem-e than its severity in the prevention of crime. The extent of our city.'h-rapid Increase of po pulation. the grant Influx of persons from abroad Mid tbe neighboring spates during the busy season# which crowd Into this (rest rommeirial mtrt of the Unkw, render it peculiarly necessary that our polit" force should bo prompt, able and efficient guardians of our i>ersons and property. Acting nnder a sense of their high responsi bility, and with an earnest desire to direct the public at teniion to nutlets deserving of stiou* consideration, I ho (Jrsnd Jury havt felt It to be their duty to allude thus briefly to topics upon which they could easily have en larged, Md which they hereby reepetfully submit as, in their opin n, requiring the attention of the prepar au thorities. A. A- MQfKAM, Koremw. .Tanks M. Tivm, Secretary. Army Intrlllgrnrr, Prevet Major Ootieml l?svid K. Twiggs, y. 8. A , ban beei, rel' vni (at his own request) fro? the com in hi I of the in litary <lepartm?nt of Texas winch conmand l< dm vi It I on ( ol. Chtries A. Waite, I'lrst infantry. It is un dt istood that (MB. Twiggy proposes to rwngu. r.-\TKTio> or a Mcrosur* ?Thomas .t Armstrong, fpnti s yourg m?n. w c nvi< ted in I'hlls telphi* on Wttdnesdty last, of th# mtitder of a young mm uamot Crawford. Sen<> nc ? wis d< ferred. CeroAcra* OIBce. TnK 8*rro8? Hoioom Ca? in Outkk Stkkct _Coro ner Schirmer concluded the inquest yeet-rday, at the Fourth precinct slat ion house, upon the body of Margaret Bearchell, who was iupjiOrijd to liave been beaten to death by her husband. The evidence went to show that do ceased was a woman of very intem|>erate habits, and that sho recently received some very severe falls while intoxi cated. Nono of the witnesses were able to testify that deceased was beaten ly- her husband in tho brutal man ner alleged in the anonymous communication to tho police. The medical testimony went to show thit death was caused by compression of the brain from a clot of blood, the result of violence. A verdict of "Death by violence, received in some manner unknown," wis rendered by the jury, und the Coroner thereupon di-cliarged tho hus band of deceased from custody. Suicim by Takw<; PoBoy. ?Coroner Schirmer waa noti fied yesterday to hold an Inquest at 79 Mercer street, upon the body of Clara C. Caswell, a native of Vermont, aged twenty-two years, who committed suicide by takiug corrosivo sublimate. Deceased, It appeared, was pro riot rets of a house of 111 fame, and becamlug joalous of er lover resolved to put an end to her existence, ita Tuesday afternoon she sent for a dose of corrosive subli mate and swallowed It the same evening. Dr. Wykoff was called upon to attend tho dying woman, but notwith standing every ellbrt was made to save her life she died in about twenty-four hour* afterward. Deceased had only been in possession of tho premises about a month. Fatal Fall.?Nathaniel Howard, a reeident of No. 9 Thames street, died at tho New York Hospital yesterday from the effects of injuries received, as it la supposed, by falling down a flight of stairs on Tuesday night. Coroner Jack man was notified to bold an inquest upon the l*>df, but In consequence of the non-attendance of the wit nesses the case had to be adjourned until ten o'clock this morning. Dccoaatfd waa a married man, and was a night watchman by occupation. Bout Rkoovkrkd.?The body of un unknown man, sup posed to be that of Cuptain Joseph Nelson, of No. 22 Ham ilton avenue. Brooklyn, was found floating in tho Staton Island ferry slip yesterday. Deceased had been missing since the 24th ult., and when last seen alive he was at No. 110 I'eurl street. Coroner thinner will hold an in quest upou the body to-Jay. The Syracuse Hubbub. TO THE EDITOR OK TUB HKKALD. Ptractsw, Jan. 30,1861. Our citizens rely upon the accuracy of tho Hkkaui'h ro|w>rts but in this morning's edition, as received hero tli iR evening, the proceedings of the "squelching" of tho Abolition Convention, as transmitted to you from this city per special correspondence, are a little imperfect, whlcli you will ploase have the kindness to correct. The report received by you unfortunately emitted tho fol lowing resolution, which was embodied in a series of resolutions, the whole being adopted unanimously by tho Convention:? Befolved, That is this government was founded up-*! compromises with our Southern brethren, it is but right and proper that m order to disi*-! the dark clouds which bang over our distracted country, and to rvstore the bright galaxy of stars to its former beauty und glory, wo now hereby solemnly pledge ourselves to maintain and sustain the compromise measures offered In tho United States Senate by the lion. John J. Crittenden, of Ken tucky, believing that Mr. Crittenden's amen Intents are the best, if not the only miasures yet presented which will have the desired effect of siving the Union and re storing once more tho bonc!s of brotherly love between the different sections of the land. Personal Intrlllgrnrr. ltev. Randall Ward, of England: 1). J. Justice, of St. Paul; II. Ktuers>n, of Boston, and E. I). Beach, of Spring - field, are stopping at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. Oil. T. B. Iawrenee, J. II. Wolcott and George B.uion of Boston, Or. Miller, of Wxchiugton,and Robert U'heaton, of Providence, R. 1., are stopping at the Brevoort House. L. Abbott, of the United States Navy ; A. R. Corbio, of Washington: D. Howe, Jr., F. II. Palmer, of Boston, and II. Ha/aid aud wife, of Rhode Island, are stopping at the Astor House. George B. Blake, of Boston; John F. Rosscel, of Og densburg; N. G. Whitmore, of Mansfield, Mass.; Thomas F. Kddy, of Fall River, and J. J. Schlapper, of New York, are stopping at the Clarendon Hotel. C. C. Noves, of Boston; A. N. C Noal and wife, of Dela ware; A. N. Bertram, of New York; W. H. Phelps, S. R. Boyd, of Connecticut, and Frances Correoao, of Cuba, are stopping at the I .afargo House. I)r. Burnstead and wife, of New York; John R. Preston, of Mobile: W. W. Kimball, of Chicago; Mr. McGregor aiyi wife, of Albany, and Mr. Cheshire, of New Kochelle, aro stopping at the Union Place Hotel. tjoorge humner, of Boston: N. C. White, W. B. Dana end wife, ot Utica;E. V. Klngsler.of West Point; John S. Isaacs, of Chicsgo; A. Gershon. of St. I.otiis. and M. Ay lion, of Paris, are stopping at the St. Denis Hotel. A. A. Iawrence and R. M. Tobey, of Boston; Col. Beauregard aud Lieut. Pease, of the l nitcd States Army; P. C. Otlhoun,of Bridgeport, and Charles Bots and wife, of New York, arc stopping at the Everett House C. G. Allen, of Virginia; J. B. Richardson, of Boston; F- A. Turpin, of Caracas: J. M. S. Williams of Cam bridge, Mass.; B. F Hoseley,of Albany, aud H. Sibley, of Rochester, are stopping at tho St. Nicholas Hotel. Hon. J. A. Collier and family, of Binghamton; C. M. Fletclifr, of tho United States Navy: J. Kershaw, of Kan as; W. S. Stuart and A. E Kont, of Chlcagu; F. G. Terry, f Memphis; J. >J Jackson, of Arkanpas: G. C. Kim I rough and A. Dickson, of St. touts, and W. G. Webster, (1' Miry land, aro stopping at tho Metropolitan Hotel. Tho Hon. E. I). Bench, late Douglas candidate for Go vernor, left Springtlold, Mase., on Wedne-.l-iy Mflilg, for Charleston, S. C. Tlio object of his mssion Is not made public. Many rumors are rife here. FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. Thcb8I>at, Jan. .11?6 P. M. The money market is easy and dull. On calf, money ia worth abont five per cent, and very choice names go at seven. Names less esteemed pans at all rates from 9 to 24 per cent, those being the least popnlar which arc supposed to be con nected with Southern trade. Foreign exchange is dull, and in the absence of demand rates tend downward. Rome leading houses have no sixty day bills to pell, but are of fering their sight bills at 108*4 and 5.21%. Mer cantile bills, based on produce, go at IOC a x/t The stock market is almost stagnant, the trans actions growing more limited from d?y to day. As the new Conference of the States meets on ' Monday at Washington, operators think that by waiting a week they can buy or aell with some certainty of profit. This morn ing Treasury notes declined per cent, and Tennessees 2. Missouri* also fell off % a */*. Pending the secession excitement, the stocks of States which may secede can hardly be recommended as an investment, and many holders will doubtless dispose of them. The general rail* road list advanced this morning, but there wan very little business done. The most buoyant of the Western shares were Toledo and the Michigan stocks; the large earnings of the Galena, also, are leading to an increased absorption of its stock. This afternoon the market was quiet, and stock* closed inactive. Pacific Mail advanced to-day. We are informed that there is no truth in the story that the company haa sold its Oregon line, though it would, it is said, save money by doing ao. The following were tlie last quotations of the day:? United States 5's 1874, 83 a 94; Virginia 6's, 76^ a 70; Tennessees, 72% a x/%\ Missouri 6's, 68 a %; Canton, 14}{ a %; Cumberland Coal preferred, 8 a 0; Pacific Mail, 85% ? V*> New York Cen tral, 79% a 80; Krie, 36 a % Hudson River, 46 Harlem, l.">% a 16; Harlem preferred, 38 a Reading, 45% a 46; Michigan Central, 67% a yt; Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana, 15% a x/%\ do. guaranteed, 33*^a %; Panama, 113 a 114; Illinois Central, 79^^ HO; Oalena and Chi cago, 74% a yt\ Cleveland ah^ Toledo, 34$^ a Chicago and Rock Island, 58 a %; Chicago, Bur lington and Qnlncy, 73 a*?*. It is stated on good authority that Congress will shortly pass the fumous Morrill tariff. The seces sion of the liulf States has left the protectionists in an apparent majority in both the Senate and the Hottxe of Representatives. This fortunate ac cident the agents of the manufacturers of Penn sylvania and New England are about to turn to ac count by enacting the most odious, oppressive and clumsy tariff that ever found n plane on the statute bo<jks of the United States. It Is urged by republican leaders that the United States revenuo falls short of the expenditure, and that conse quently in the absence of any feasible scheme for the collection of direct taxes the dnties on foreign products ought to be raised in order to protect the government from insolvency. Admit ting tills proposition, the Morrill tariff does not mi ct the end proposed. It is not a revenue tariff. It is purely a | r< teethe tariff, contrived in the in terest of a tc\f manufacturers in Pennsylvania apd Ktw BUglat d. Of tea and < offee, the United States imported lust y? ;?r about f:io,000,000, fr** of duty. Tliese IniportattoM could afford to pay fully fiva millions revenue; the Morrill tariff do<'s nottou?h them. Hut on manufactures competing with tho <